1936 Lugano

1936 Lugano
Discovery [1]
Discovered by P. Wild
Discovery site Zimmerwald Obs.
Discovery date 24 November 1973
Designations
MPC designation 1936 Lugano
Named after
 Lugano (Swiss city)[2]
1973 WD · 1936 LC
1949 KE1 · 1951 WX
1964 VA1 · 1970 AG1
1970 AL1 · 1970 CD
main-belt · (middle) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 60.11 yr (21,956 days)
Aphelion 3.0402 AU
Perihelion 2.3132 AU
2.6767 AU
Eccentricity 0.1358
4.38 yr (1,600 days)
201.5229°
0° 13m 30.36s / day
Inclination 10.2529°
265.18°
255.0323°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 24.56 km (derived)[3]
24.81±0.8 km (IRAS:12)[4]
27.95±0.87 km[5]
31.037±0.137[6]
33.704±0.067 km[7]
19.594±0.007 h[8]
19.651±0.015 h[9]
0.028±0.011[6]
0.0294±0.0024[7]
0.0558 (derived)[3]
0.093±0.007[5]
0.1042±0.008 (IRAS:12)[4]
SMASS = Ch [1]
P [7] · C [3]
11.1[4][5][7]
11.8[1][3]
12.45±0.41[10]

    1936 Lugano, provisional designation 1973 WD, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, on 24 November 1973.[11]

    It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,600 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The first used precovery was taken at McDonald Observatory in 1951, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 22 years prior to its discovery. The first unused observation at Johannesburg dates back to 1936.[11]

    The C-type asteroid is also classified as a Ch-subtype in the SMASS taxonomic scheme,[1] while the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) rates it as a very dark and featureless reddish P-type asteroid.[7]

    According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the U.S. WISE/NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 24.8 and 33.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo in the range of 0.028 to 0.104.[4][5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.056 and a diameter of 24.6 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.8.[3]

    Two rotational light-curves of this asteroid were obtained from photometric observations made in February 2005. The first light-curve by French astronomer Raymond Poncy gave a rotation period of 19.594±0.007 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude (U=2).[8] The second light-curve from the U.S. Carbuncle Hill Observatory (912), Rhode Island, rendered a well-defined period of 19.651±0.015 with an amplitude of 0.31 in magnitude (U=3).[9]

    The asteroid is named after the Swiss-Italian city of Lugano, located south of the Alps and known for its mild climate. During the winter half-year of 1973/74, Paul Wild discovered three more asteroids, 1935 Lucerna, 1937 Locarno and 1938 Lausanna, which he named after the Swiss cities Lucerne, Locarno and Lausanne, respectively, composing a quartet of sequentially numbered, thematically named asteroids.[2] Naming citation was published before November 1977 (M.P.C. 4358).[12]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1936 Lugano (1973 WD)" (2015-11-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    2. 1 2 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1936) Lugano. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LCDB Data for (1936) Lugano". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    5. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    6. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096Freely accessible. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
    7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407Freely accessible. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    8. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1936) Lugano". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    9. 1 2 Pray, Donald P. (September 2005). "Lightcurve analysis of asteroids 106, 752, 847, 1057, 1630, 1670, 1927 1936, 2426, 2612, 2647, 4087, 5635, 5692, and 6235". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 32 (3): 48–51. Bibcode:2005MPBu...32...48P. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    10. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762Freely accessible. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    11. 1 2 "1936 Lugano (1973 WD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
    12. ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 17 May 2016.

    External links

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