Ahis
The Ahis or Akhts (Turkish: Ahiler, plural of Ahi) was a fraternity and guild which for more than half a century was also a beylik in 14th century Turkey.
Background
Turks began settling in Anatolia in the second half of the 11th century. But they mainly preferred rural areas. Seljuk government on the other hand encouraged those who preferred a settled life in cities. After the Mongols began occupying Khorosan in the early 13th century, people from Khorosan took refuge in Anatolia and Seljuk government settled some of the newcomers in the cities. So a class of Muslim craftsmen and merchants appeared in the history of Anatolia.
Emergence of Ahis
Ahi Evren, a Muslim preacher came to Anatolia before the Mongol invansions in Khorosan. He worked as a leather dealer in Kayseri and began organizing Muslim craftsmen in the cities. This organization was named after him. He moved to Konya and after Mongol invansions to Denizli and Kırşehir where he died.
Ahi as a political power
After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, Seljuks were puppets of Ilkhanate Mongols and during the power vacuum in Anatolia, various tribes or local war lords established their principalities as vassals of Ilkhanids. Ahis in Ankara also saw their chance to declare their semi independence under Mongol suzerainty towards the end of the century (about 1290).[1] However, Ahi Beylik, unlike the others, was not ruled by a dynasty. It was a religious and commercial fraternity which can be described as a republic not much different from the mercantile republics of the medieval Europe.
End of Ahi Beylik
In 1354, Ankara was briefly annexed by Orhan of Ottoman Empire (then known as beylik) Although Ahis tried to restore their independence after Orhan’s death, in 1362 Murat I ended the political power of Ahis and they became the part of Ottoman Empire.[2] In later years, some Ahi leaders even appeared as Ottoman bureaucrats.
References
- ↑ An assay on the Ahis (Turkish)
- ↑ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt II, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 35
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Important centers and extension | |
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| Dynasty | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Palaces and castles | |
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| Külliye ("complexes") and dar al-shifa (hospitals) and medrese (schools) and mosques: | |
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| Caravanserais |
- Ağzıkara Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1237)
- Ak Han caravanserai near Denizli (1254)
- Alaca Han caravanserai in Alacahan (~1280)
- Alara Han caravanserai near Manavgat
- Alay Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1190)
- Altınapa Han caravanserai between Beyşehir and Konya (1201)
- Angit Han caravanserai between Konya and Akşehir (1201)
- Burma Han caravanserai in Divriği (13th century)
- Çakallı Han caravanserai near Samsun (~1250)
- Çardak Han (Hanabad) caravanserai in Çardak (1230)
- Çay Han caravanserai in Çay (1279)
- Dokuzun Han caravanserai in Konya (1210)
- Eğirdir Han caravanserai in Eğirdir (1238)
- Ertokuş Han caravanserai near Eğirdir (1224)
- Eshab-i Kehf Han caravanserai near Afşin–Elbistan (~1225)
- Evdir Han caravanserai near Antalya (1224)
- Ezinepazar Han caravanserai near Amasya (1246)
- Goncalı Akhan caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray
- Hatun Han caravanserai between Amasya and Tokat
- Hekim Han caravanserai in Hekimhan (1220)
- Horozlu Han caravanserai near Konya (1249)
- Incir Han caravanserai near Bucak (1239)
- Kadın Han caravanserai in Kadınhanı (1223)
- Karatay Han caravanserai near Pınarbaşı (1241)
- Kargı Han caravanserai near Antalya (1246)
- Kesikköprü Han caravanserai near Kırşehir (1268)
- Kırkgöz Han caravanserai near Antalya (1246)
- Kızılören Han caravanserai near Konya (1206)
- Kuruçeşme Han caravanserai near Konya (1210)
- Melleç Han caravanserai near Anamur (13th century)
- Mirçinge Han caravanserai near Divriği (13th century)
- Obruk Han caravanserai near Konya (1230)
- Öresin Han caravanserai near Aksaray (~1275)
- Pazar Han caravanserai near Tokat (1239)
- Zazadın Han caravanserai near Konya (1236)
- Şarapsa Han caravanserai near Alanya (1246)
- Sarı Han caravanserai near Ürgüp (1249)
- Sevserek Han caravanserai between Malatya and Pötürge (13th century)
- Sultan Han caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray (1229)
- Sultan Han caravanserai near Bünyan between Kayseri and Sivas (1236)
- Susuz Han caravanserai near Bucak (1246)
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Muslim states | |
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Christian states | |
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