Alison Bechdel

Alison Bechdel (/ˈbɛkdəl/ BEK-dəl;^[1] born September 10, 1960) is an American cartoonist. Originally best known for the long-running comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For, she came to critical and commercial success in 2006 with her graphic memoir Fun Home, which was subsequently adapted as a musical which won a Tony Award for Best Musical in 2015.^[2] She is a 2014 recipient of the MacArthur "Genius" Award.^[3] She is also known for the Bechdel test, an indicator of gender bias in film.

Early life

Alison J Bechdel was born in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Helen Augusta (née Fontana; 1933–2013)^[4] and Bruce Allen Bechdel (1936–1980).^[5] Her family was Roman Catholic. Her father, an army veteran who was stationed in West Germany, was a high school English teacher full-time and operated a funeral home part-time. Her mother was an actress and teacher. Both of her parents contributed to her career as a cartoonist.^[6] She has two brothers, Bruce "Christian" Bechdel II and John Bechdel, a keyboard player who has worked with many bands including Fear Factory, Ministry, Prong and Killing Joke. She left high school a year early to attend Simon's Rock College from 1977-1979. Bechdel eventually transferred to Oberlin College, graduating with a degree in studio arts and art history in 1981.^[6]

Career

Alison Bechdel at a London signing for Fun Home in 2006

Bechdel moved to Manhattan and applied to many art schools but was rejected and worked in a number of office jobs in the publishing industry.

She began Dykes to Watch Out For as a single drawing labeled "Marianne, dissatisfied with the morning brew: Dykes to Watch Out For, plate no. 27".^[7] An acquaintance recommended she send her work to WomaNews, a feminist newspaper, which published her first work in its June 1983 issue. Bechdel gradually moved from her early single-panel drawings to multi-paneled strips.^[8] Dykes to Watch Out For began this process, developing into a series of posters and postcards, allowing for people to have a look into the urban lesbian community.^[6] After a year, other outlets began running the strip.

In the first years, Dykes to Watch Out For consisted of unconnected strips without a regular cast or serialized storyline. However, its structure eventually evolved into a focus on following a set group of lesbian characters. In 1986 Firebrand Books published a collection of the strips to date.^[8] In 1987 Bechdel introduced her regular characters, Mo and her friends, while living in St. Paul, Minnesota. Dykes to Watch Out For is the origin of the "Bechdel test," which has become a frequently used metric in cultural discussion of film. In 1988, she began a short-lived page-length strip about the staff of a queer newspaper, titled "Servants to the Cause", for The Advocate. Bechdel has also written and drawn autobiographical strips and has done illustrations for magazines and websites. She became a full-time cartoonist in 1990 and later moved near Burlington, Vermont. She currently resides in Bolton, Vermont. In 2012, Bechdel was a Mellon Residential Fellow for Arts and Practice at the Richard and Mary L. Gray Center at the University of Chicago and co-taught "Lines of Transmission: Comics & Autobiography" with Professor Hillary Chute.

In November 2006 Bechdel was invited to sit on the Usage Panel of the American Heritage Dictionary.^[9]

Awards

Stonewall Book Awards - Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award in 2007.^[10]

The Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle in 2012.

A MacArthur Fellowship in 2014.^[3]

The International Forum for Psychoanalytic Education Distinguished Educator Award in 2013

Lambda Board of Trustees Award for Excellence in Literature in 2014.^[11]

The Erikson Institute Prize for Excellence in Mental Health Media in 2015.^[12]

For her outstanding contributions to the comic art form, Comics Alliance listed Bechdel as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition.^[13]

Graphic novels

Fun Home

In 2006, Bechdel published Fun Home, an autobiographical "tragicomic" chronicling her childhood and the years before and after her father's suicide. It follows both the past and present regarding the relationship she shares with her parents, specifically her father. Additionally, this graphic memoir helps show the hardships individuals face when coming-out.^[14] Fun Home has received more widespread mainstream attention than Bechdel's earlier work, with reviews in Entertainment Weekly, People and several features in The New York Times.^[15] Fun Home spent two weeks on the New York Times Hardcover Nonfiction bestseller list.^[16][17]

Fun Home was hailed as one of the best books of 2006 by numerous sources, including The New York Times,^[18] amazon.com,^[19][20] The Times of London,^[21] Publishers Weekly,^[22] salon.com,^[23] New York magazine,^[24] and Entertainment Weekly.^[24]

Time magazine named Alison Bechdel's Fun Home number one of its "10 Best Books of the Year." Lev Grossman and Richard LeCayo described Fun Home as "the unlikeliest literary success of 2006," and called it "a stunning memoir about a girl growing up in a small town with her cryptic, perfectionist dad and slowly realizing that a) she is gay and b) he is too. ... Bechdel's breathtakingly smart commentary duets with eloquent line drawings. Forget genre and sexual orientation: this is a masterpiece about two people who live in the same house but different worlds, and their mysterious debts to each other."^[25]

Fun Home was a finalist for the 2006 National Book Critics Circle Award in the memoir/autobiography category.^[26][27] It also won the 2007 Eisner Award for Best Reality-Based Work.^[28] Fun Home was also nominated for the Best Graphic Album award, and Bechdel was nominated for Best Writer/Artist.^[29]

In 2014, the Republican-led South Carolina House of Representatives Ways and Means Committee considered cutting the College of Charleston's funding by $52,000, the cost of the summer reading program for selecting Fun Home for a reading program.^[30][31][32]

Fun Home premiered as a musical Off-Broadway at The Public Theater on September 30, 2013, and opened officially on October 22, 2013. The score was by Jeanine Tesori and the book and lyrics were written by Lisa Kron.^[33][34] Kron and Tesori made history as the first all-woman team to win a Tony Award for best score.^[35] Originally scheduled to run through November 3, 2013, the run was extended multiple times and the musical closed on January 12, 2014. The Public Theater production was directed by Sam Gold. Sets and costumes were by David Zinn, lighting by Ben Stanton, sound by Kai Harada, projections by Jim Findlay and Jeff Sugg and choreography by Danny Mefford.^[36] The musical has been playing at Broadway's Circle in the Square Theatre, with previews from March 27, 2015, and an official opening on April 19, 2015, running to September 10, 2016. Sam Gold, who directed the Public Theater production, also directs the show on Broadway, leading the Off-Broadway production team. The Off-Broadway cast reprised their roles on Broadway, except for the actors playing John, Christian, and Medium Alison. The Broadway musical won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical.

Are You My Mother?

Bechdel suspended work on Dykes to Watch Out For in 2008 so that she could work on her second graphic memoir, Are You My Mother?, which was released in May 2012.^[37] It focuses on her relationship with her mother. Bechdel described its themes as "the self, subjectivity, desire, the nature of reality, that sort of thing,"^[38] which is a paraphrase of a quote from Virginia Woolf's To The Lighthouse.

The story's dramatic action is multi-layered and divides into a number of narrative strands:

• Bechdel's phone-conversations with her mother in the present.
• Bechdel's memories of interactions with her mother throughout her life, beginning in childhood.
• Bechdel's therapy sessions, whose primary content is composed of analysis of her relationship with her mother.
• Bechdel's richly imagined, but also diligently researched, historical portrayals of psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott, and author Virginia Woolf, spliced together with Bechdel's own therapeutic journey with text from the psychoanalytic writings of Alice Miller, along with the story of Bechdel's own reading-through and relating to the works of Sigmund Freud.

An excerpt of the book, entitled "Mirror", was included in the Best American Comics 2013, edited by Jeff Smith. This episode riffs heavily on psychoanalytic themes quoted explicitly from the work of psychoanalysts Alice Miller and Winnicott.

Personal life

Bechdel came out as a lesbian at age 19.^[39] Bechdel's sexuality and gender non-conformity are a large part of the core message of her work. "The secret subversive goal of my work is to show that women, not just lesbians, are regular human beings."^[40] In February 2004, Bechdel married Amy Rubin, her girlfriend since 1992, in a civil ceremony in San Francisco. However, all same-sex marriage licenses given by the city at that time were subsequently voided by the California Supreme Court. Bechdel and Rubin separated in 2006.^[41] Bechdel lived with her partner Holly Rae Taylor, a painter,^[42] for seven and a half years before their marriage in July 2015.^[43] She lives in Bolton, Vermont.

Selected works

• Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic (Houghton Mifflin, 2006, ISBN 0-618-47794-2)
• Are You My Mother?: A Comic Drama (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012, ISBN 0-618-98250-7)

See also

• Female comics creators

References

Further reading

• Chute, Hillary L. (2010). Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-15062-0. OCLC 496610090. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alison Bechdel.

• Official website
• Sollberger, Eva (2008). Stuck in Vermont 109: Alison Bechdel on YouTube
• George, Rachel (Sep 10, 2014). 10 Reasons to Love: Alison Bechdel. For Books' Sake. 

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