Assassination of Boris Nemtsov

Assassination of Boris Nemtsov

Flowers and candles near the site of Nemtsov's assassination
Location Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge,[1] Moscow
Coordinates 55°45′00″N 37°37′26″E / 55.75000°N 37.62389°E / 55.75000; 37.62389Coordinates: 55°45′00″N 37°37′26″E / 55.75000°N 37.62389°E / 55.75000; 37.62389
Date 27 February 2015 (2015-02-27)
23:31[2] (UTC+03:00)
Target Boris Nemtsov
Attack type
 Murder, drive-by shooting
Weapons Makarov pistol[3]
Deaths 1
Suspected perpetrators
 Anzor Gubashev
Zaur Dadaev

The assassination of Boris Nemtsov, a Russian statesman and politician opposed to the government of Vladimir Putin, happened in central Moscow on Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015.[4] An unknown assailant fired seven or eight shots from a Makarov pistol; four of them hit Boris Nemtsov in the head, heart, liver and stomach, killing him almost instantly. He died hours after appealing to the public to support a march against Russia's war in Ukraine.[5]

The assassination was met with widespread international condemnation and concern for the situation of the Russian opposition. Russian authorities also condemned the murder and vowed a thorough investigation.

On 8 March 2015, Russian authorities charged Anzor Gubashev and Zaur Dadaev, both originating from Northern Caucasus, with involvement in the crime. Dadaev confessed to involvement in the murder according to Russian authorities, but, according to Russian media, later retracted his confession. Three more suspects were arrested around the same time and according to Russian media another suspect blew himself up in Grozny when Russian forces police surrounded his apartment block.

Events

Nemtsov was shot dead while crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge

Nemtsov was shot and killed crossing the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge[1] near the Kremlin walking home after a meal out, in the company of Anna Duritskaya, a 23-year-old Ukrainian model who had been his girlfriend for two and a half years. She witnessed Boris's slaying[6] but was not physically harmed herself.[7] TV Tsentr's video of the bridge at the time of the murder shows that it occurred as a municipal utility vehicle was passing by Nemtsov and a person is seen escaping from the scene in a white or grey automobile.[8][9] According to the Russian newspaper Kommersant, at the time of the murder all the security cameras in the area were switched off for maintenance.[10] The only video of the incident was obtained from the video feed camera of TV Tsentr studio, from a long distance. At the time of the killing, the camera was blocked by a stopped municipal vehicle.[10] The killing happened the day before Nemtsov was due to lead the opposition march Vesna (Russian for "spring"), a street demonstration organised to protest against economic conditions in Russia and against the war in Ukraine.

The killer was apparently waiting for Nemtsov on a side stairway leading to the bridge. At least six shots were fired, four of which hit Nemtsov; one wound was mortal.[10] According to Kommersant sources, the killer used as a weapon either a standard Makarov pistol or most likely an IZh gas pistol modified for use with lethal ammunition.[10] According to a witness, "a young man named Viktor M., who followed Nemtsov",[11] the killer was a man of 170–175 centimetres (5 ft 7 in–5 ft 9 in) height, short haircut, medium build, dressed in jeans and a brown sweater.

Investigation

Russian President Vladimir Putin instructed the Investigative Committee, Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Federal Security Service to create a single team to investigate the assassination of Nemtsov.[12] The investigation team is headed by Igor Krasnov, who had previously investigated an attempt on the life of Anatoly Chubais and the murders of Stanislav Markelov and Anastasia Baburova.[13] The team is supervised by the head of the Investigative Committee in Moscow, general Alexander Drymanov. Drymanov has also supervised the investigation against Nadezhda Savchenko, the second trial against Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev, as well as the charges of genocide during the Russo-Georgian War against Georgian military.[11]

During the night following the assassination, Nemtsov's apartment on Malaya Ordynka street was searched and all documents and materials related to his business and political activities were confiscated.[14][15] Opposition media raised concerns this was done to retrieve a draft of report on Russian involvement in the war in Donbass announced by Nemtsov shortly before his death. Partial information on the report's contents were later revealed by Nemtsov's friends.[16][17]

On 28 February, a white Lada Priora car possibly belonging to the assassin(s) was found abandoned. Russian state media reported that the car had a number-plate originating in the Republic of Ingushetia, although initial witnesses had stated that the white car involved in the shooting did not have any license plates.[18] An underwater search in the Moscow River to retrieve the weapon presumably discarded by the killer after the assassination gave no result. A cash reward of 3 million rubles (~43,000 euros) is being offered for any information leading to the arrest and conviction of the killer.[19]

Durytska, having testified before the investigative team, returned to Ukraine on 2 March. Because of reported threats to her life, the Prosecutor General of Ukraine Viktor Shokin provided Durytska with state protection.[20]

By 3 March, the official investigation concluded that Nemtsov had been tracked from 11:00 am when he met Durytska in Sheremetyevo Airport.[21] Nemtsov had been followed by three alternating cars en route from the airport to the city.[21] On 23:22 the group of killers was ordered to move to the assigned spot, when Nemtsov and Durytska left the GUM cafe.[21] On 23:29 the car with the assailant turned around under Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge and approached the stairs leading to the bridge.[21] On 23:30 the assailant walked upstairs onto the bridge and moved towards Nemtsov and Durytska.[21] Having walked past them, he turned around and fired at Nemtsov's back.[21] After the assailant got into the car, it moved from the bridge to Bolotnaya Street, then to Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge, Mokhovaya Street and Tverskaya Street towards Okhotny Ryad and then turned to Bolshaya Dmitrovka before disappearing in local traffic.[21] The car in which the assailant had escaped was later found and identified as grey ZAZ Chance.[22] On 10 March Moskovskiy Komsomolets published alleged CCTV photos of the suspects' vehicle suggesting that they were following Nemtsov since September 2014, long before the Charlie Hebdo shooting.[23]

Suspects

On 7 March the head of the Federal Security Service Alexander Bortnikov announced the arrest of two suspects, Anzor Gubashev and Zaur Dadaev (ru), both originating from Northern Caucasus.[24] According to Russian media Zaur Dadaev had served in the battalion Sever subordinated to President of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov while Anzor Gubashev had worked as a security guard for a Moscow hypermarket[25] (according to other sources he is an employee of a private security firm[26]). Both are from Ingushetia but for many years had been living outside the North Caucasus republic; they are related.[25][26] They were formally charged on 8 March. Dadaev confessed to the crime; Gubashev denies any involvement.[27] Three other persons were also detained as suspects, but not charged. All of them claimed they were innocent.[27] According to Russian media another man blew himself up with a hand grenade in Grozny when police came to arrest him.[28]

Zaur Dadaev, a former second-in-command to the leader of battalion Sever, Alibek Delimkhanov (the brother of Adam Delimkhanov and cousin of Ramzan Kadyrov), confessed that he had decided to kill Nemtsov because of his criticism of Islam and Ramzan Kadyrov, according to Russian media.[26][29]

According to Russian media, Zaur Dadaev stated in his confession that his immediate manager during preparation of the murder was someone named Ruslik, who provided him with 5 million rubles, a ZAZ Chance car and a gun.[30] Investigators suspect that Ruslik is Ruslan Geremeev, the head of a battalion Sever unit Zaur Dadaev served in, a subordinate of Alimbek Delimkhanov and a nephew of Suleiman Geremeev, a member of Federation Council of Russia.[31][32] After the murder, Ruslan Geremeev was under protection in the Chechen republic and later probably left Russia for United Arab Emirates or Turkey.[33] In the end of April Ruslan Gereemev was officially assigned a status of a suspect.[34]

Commenting on the events, President of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov said that he knew Dadaev as one of the bravest warriors who had fought in the Russian-Chechen "Kadyrovtsy" regiment since its creation. Dadaev had been awarded the Order of Courage, the Medal for Courage and further awards by the Chechen Republic. According to Kadyrov, Dadaev was deeply religious and greatly offended by Charlie Hebdo's publishing of the Muhammad cartoons and Nemtsov's support for the French cartoonists. However, the Kadyrovtsy were a secular unit fighting against radical Islamists and according to Dadaev's mother, her son had never mentioned Charlie Hebdo. Dadaev's mother also stated that her son was not a "strong believer" in Islam, and had in fact fought against Islamists ("Wahhabis") previously.[35][36] Russia's opposition figures have called the theory that the murder was motivated by offense against Islam and the official line of inquiry by the Kremlin "more than absurd".[37]

Russian media reported that Dadaev retracted his confession, explaining that he only confessed to avoid "what happened to Shavanov" — another suspect, who, according to the official version, blew himself up with a grenade during arrest attempt.[38] A member of the Kremlin's advisory council on human rights, after visiting the suspects, said that Dadaev as well as the two other suspects, Anzor and Shagid Gubashev, most likely had been tortured while in detention.[39]

Ironically, just before his murder, Nemtsov had stated, “The contract between Kadyrov and Putin—money in exchange for loyalty—is coming to an end. Where will Mr Kadyrov’s 20,000 men go? What will they demand? How will they act? When will they come to Moscow?”[40]

Reactions

UN member and observer states

 Russian Federation:

March in memory of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, 1 March 2015. Sight from the inside #5. Remand.
March in memory of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, 1 March 2015. Sight from the inside #9. Flag of Ukraine.
People gathered at the site of Boris Nemtsov's murder, 28 February 2015
March in memory of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, 1 March 2015
Moscow march for Nemtsov, 1 March 2015, the sign in the front says "The murderers are in the Kremlin"
Moscow march for Nemtsov, 1 March 2015

 Ukraine:

 Armenia:

 Canada:

 Estonia:

 Finland:

 Latvia:

 Lithuania:

 United States:

 Germany:

 Hungary:

 France:

 Sweden:

 United Kingdom:

Supranational bodies

 European Union:

 Council of Europe:

 NATO:

Non-governmental reactions

In Russia

He said, "Opposition leaders are always watched closely by Russia’s security services before public rallies—Boris had been planning a protest against the Ukraine war on Sunday—so how could these trained bloodhounds not notice that someone else was following him?"[76] He criticized statements from Western leaders who had "done so much to appease the Kremlin," which he called "a criminal rogue regime", and condemned the Russian media for "[churning] out preposterous and insulting conspiracy theories about the death of a man they had called an enemy of the state."[76]

A spontaneous memorial took place at the scene of the murder. People carried flowers along with posters emblazoned Je suis Boris, as an echo of the Je suis Charlie response to the Charlie Hebdo shooting two months earlier in Paris.[98] On 1 March, a silent one-person rotating commemoration was held in Murmansk; a court later convicted Irina Paykacheva of involvement in the unsanctioned event and fined her 20,000 roubles.[99]

Outside Russia

In Armenia, a parliamentary opposition party, the Armenian National Congress, released a statement condemning the murder.[100] The independent opposition MP Nikol Pashinyan offered condolences to Nemtsov's family and stated that his murder is a "major challenge" for Russia to overcome.[101]

The speaker of the Polish Senate, Bogdan Borusewicz, said that Nemtsov "fell victim" to "a chauvinistic campaign against people who do not agree with imperialistic policies and aggression against a neighbouring country."[102]

Media reactions

Leonid Bershidsky of the Bloomberg View stated that "In recent months, Putin's propaganda machine has been vigorously inciting Russians against the 'fifth column' — those who protested against the annexation of Crimea and the Kremlin-instigated war in eastern Ukraine. Nemtsov was on every list of traitors published on the Internet and aired on state TV."[103] In the The Daily Telegraph, Ben Judah wrote that the Kremlin "either ordered or allowed [Nemtsov's murder] to happen", saying that "Nothing Boris Nemtsov did was not bugged, tailed, filmed or monitored by the secret police. It is quite simply impossible that this man could have been shot dead without the Kremlin knowing there was a plot afoot to kill him."[104] Some saw parallels with the murder of Sergey Kirov in 1934.[105][106] Brian Whitmore, writing for Radio Free Europe, stated that the murder indicated the development of a "hybrid Great Terror campaign" against Putin's opposition.[107]

The host of Shuster Live, Savik Shuster, announced the killing of Boris Nemtsov live on television, and asked the audience for a minute's silence in honor of Nemtsov.[108]

The BBC referred to an interview Nemtsov gave on 10 February 17 days before his death, in which Russia's Sobesednik newspaper reported that Nemtsov said that his mother was afraid Russian President Vladimir Putin would kill him. He added that his 86-year-old mother is also afraid for the lives of Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Alexey Navalny. When asked if he himself feared for his life, Nemtsov answered, "Yes, not as strongly as my mother, but still..."[109] After the BBC referred to that interview,[110] on 27 February 2015, the Sobesednik posted an extended version of the original interview, in which Nemtsov reportedly added, "I am just joking. If I were afraid of Putin, I wouldn't be in this line of work."[111]

Memorial march

Boris Nemtsov was an organizer of the anti-crisis and anti-war march Vesna ("Spring") planned on 1 March 2015. After the murder, the organizers transformed the planned march into a memorial for Nemtsov. The participants marched from Kitay-gorod to Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge where Nemtsov was murdered.[112] According to the organizers more than 50,000 people took part in the march, while Moscow police counted 21,000 participants.[113] Around 50 people were arrested for disobedience to police including Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada deputy Oleksiy Honcharenko.[114] According to Honcharenko, he was beaten and deprived of medical and legal help while in detention. Honcharenko was released from prison the next day, but he promised to sue Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.[115]

On 1 March, simultaneously with Moscow marches Nemtsov memorial marches were held in Saint Petersburg (finished with a meeting on the Field of Mars),[116] Yekaterinburg, Murmansk[117] London and Paris.[118]

Funeral

Nemtsov was buried on 3 March 2015 at the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery in Moscow.[85]

Latvian MEP Sandra Kalniete and Speaker of the Polish Senate Bogdan Borusewicz were not allowed to attend the funeral due to travel bans imposed by Russia.[119] The travel bans bar certain EU and Western politicians from visiting Russia for their alleged "anti-Russian activities".[119] Russia's sanctions were imposed in response to Western-led sanctions against officials close to the Kremlin for their conduct during the Ukrainian Crisis.[119] Kalniete stated that "Since I have always taken a clear and explicit language on Russia’s role in Ukraine, I had suspicions that it could happen."[120] The president of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz, called the ban a "high affront".[120]

A Russian court decided not to grant the request of Alexei Navalny, a Russian opposition leader jailed for 15 days for distributing fliers, for a temporary release to attend the funeral.[121]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ ТВЦ опубликовал запись с зафиксировавшей убийство Бориса Немцова камеры (Russian)
  3. ↑ Ostroukh, Andrey; Kolyandr, Alexander (28 February 2015). "Russia Probes Motives in assassination of Putin Critic Boris Nemtsov". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  4. ↑ Источник: в Москве убит Борис Немцов [Source: Boris Nemtsov assassinated in Moscow]. Kommersant (in Russian). Russia. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  5. ↑ Julia Ioffe (28 February 2015). "After Boris Nemtsov's Assassination, 'There Are No Longer Any Limits'". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
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  11. 1 2 Gridasov, Andrey; Petelin, German (2 March 2015). В деле об убийстве Немцова следователи рассчитывают на фоторобот [Investigators are relying on an identikit in the case of the murder of Nemtsov] (in Russian). Izvestia. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
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  42. ↑ According to Alfred Koch, Nemtsov's mother had changed her last name to Nemtsova 63 years earlier, when she had married Nemtsov's father. Nobody calls her by her distinctively Jewish maiden name but Vladimir Putin who intentionally playing an Antisemitism card (Bobrakov-Timoshkin, Alexander. "Путин и девичья фамилия.". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.)
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  77. ↑ Американцы сами мразь породили, финансировали ее, сами же и убрали. Такова судьба всех проституток. Вчера вечером на одну мразь стало меньше.
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