Aylmer, Quebec

Aylmer
Sector within City of Gatineau

Rue Principale (Main Street)
Coordinates: 45°24′00″N 75°51′00″W / 45.40000°N 75.85000°W / 45.40000; -75.85000Coordinates: 45°24′00″N 75°51′00″W / 45.40000°N 75.85000°W / 45.40000; -75.85000
Country  Canada
Province  Quebec
Region Outaouais
RCM Gatineau
Incorporated July 1, 1855
Merged January 1, 2002 *
Area
 • Land 88.86 km2 (34.31 sq mi)
Population (2011)
2011 census
 • Total 55,113
 • Change ~2001 +15.1%
 • Dwellings 15,370
Demonym(s) Aylmerite
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EST (UTC-4)
Area code(s) 819
Access Routes Route 148
* Merged with Gatineau on January 1, 2002

Aylmer is a former city in Quebec, Canada. Located on the Ottawa River and Route 148 it is a part of the National Capital Region. The population in 2011 was 55,113.[1] It is named after Lord Aylmer, who was a Governor General of British North America and a Lieutenant Governor of Lower Canada from 1830 to 1835.

It bills itself as the "Recreation Capital of the National Capital", given its many golf courses, green spaces, spas, marina and bicycle paths. There is little industry in the sector, the area being mainly residential. Virtually all the major shops, services and restaurants are located along Chemin d'Aylmer. The sector's indoor swimming pool and skateboard park are also located on that road.

Aylmer's population is about 30% anglophone; 61% francophoneand 9% other; much of its workforce commutes across the river to Ottawa.

History

Prior to its foundation, parts of Aylmer, like most surrounding areas of the Ottawa region, were often occupied as summer camps by the Algonquin First Nation population. The first European explorers known to reach the actual location of Aylmer were Nicolas-du-Vigneau and Samuel de Champlain during the early 17th century in their explorations west of Quebec City. It was only during the early 19th century that colonization began in the region; during the same period the foundations of the communities of Hull and Bytown were being established. In 1802, agricultural lots were given to Philemon Wright, an American from Massachusetts who was the first major developer/pioneer of the Ottawa Valley and Wright, in turn, gave most of his lots to his sons to operate as farms. Philemon Wright Jr. owned and operated the Chaudière Farm, established in 1816 at the end of the Britannia turnpike (more recently known as the Aylmer Road). After Philemon Jr's tragic death in 1821, Charles Symmes, who was Philemon Jr.'s first cousin, assumed the operations of the farm. Charles Symmes played a major role in the early development of Symmes' Landing, overseeing the construction of the Steamboat dock and the beautiful Inn, which still carries his name today. The post office and county registration office in Aylmer were opened in 1831; it was named after then Governor General Lord Aylmer. The village was first incorporated in 1847[2] and served as administrative centre for the region until 1897. A courthouse and jail that served the Outaouais region were built in 1852.[3] With the important shipbuilding yards on the banks of the Ottawa and its significant growth as one of the region's economic powerhouses of that time, Aylmer was actually considered as a real contender to become the new Nation's Capital by Queen Victoria.

The Aylmer Boating Club was founded in 1890. The Club was renamed the Aylmer Yacht Club in 1900. In 1901, Moses Chamberlain Edey designed the clubhouse. By 1906, the Club was renamed the Victoria Yacht Club. In 1921, the Club burned down and was not rebuilt. [4]

During most of the 19th century, the town of Aylmer, like much of the Outaouais, was an important center for the wood industry. During that period several steam boats were built alongside the Deschênes Rapids and the Ottawa River across from Britannia. Railroad construction began during the early Canadian Confederation years. Meanwhile, the economy of Aylmer was more focused on the wood and wood pulp industries and much later, on tourism. In 1921, a destructive fire ravaged large sections of the village destroying dozens of homes and businesses. During the Great Depression Aylmer's biggest sawmill closed its doors.

Aylmer would regain importance during the second half of the 20th century when, due to urban sprawling from the Ottawa and Gatineau areas, it became an important suburb to the region. In 1975 the villages of Lucerne and Deschênes, located just east of downtown Aylmer, were amalgamated. Several new residential developments were created on the northern and eastern side of old Aylmer. Numerous businesses and shopping malls were built along the Main Street including les Galeries Aylmer and the Glenwood Plaza, the latter being destroyed by a fire in 2005 and rebuilt. In addition, several golf courses, a Sheraton hotel, and a movie theater were added through the city. On August 4, 1994, a destructive tornado tore through the city damaging nearly 400 to 500 homes (including a dozen homes that were completely destroyed) and injuring at least 15 people. Damage figures were estimated at about $15 million. Rated F3 on the Fujita scale, the tornado tracked for 8 kilometers and was one of the most intense tornadoes in history across the National Capital Region. Aylmer also saw many power outages and very dangerous driving conditions throughout the North American ice storm of 1998, which left more than 4 million people without electricity, most of them in southern Quebec, western New Brunswick and Eastern Ontario, some of them for an entire month. The Canadian Forces were called in to assist with the relief efforts.

Before the amalgamation of the Urban Community Region of the Outaouais, Aylmer had a population exceeding 40,000 with additional growth after 2002 stemming from development in several areas of the sector, including the expansion of the Plateau de la Capitale neighbourhood which started in the former city of Hull in the early 1990s.

In recent years, efforts have been made to create the Boucher Forest protected area, in light of increasing suburban sprawl and housing development. The group that strives for protection of the Boucher Forest is the Fondation Forêt Boucher, the Boucher Forest Foundation. The forest is a reservoir of biodiversity in the region; at-risk and endangered species such as Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng), and Juglans cinerea (butternut) exist in this threatened ecosystem. The forest is bound by Highway 148 to the south, Chemin Vanier to the east, the Jardins Lavigne neighbourhood to the west (one of Aylmer's newer suburban areas), and Chemin Pink to the north. Furthermore, an old mining quarry is directly adjacent to the forest's northwest corner.

Transportation

Roads and recreational pathways

Aylmer is served by provincial Route 148, known as the boulevard des Allumettières within the city of Gatineau, which extends from the Ontario border near Pembroke, to Montreal, about two hours away. Other main roads include the Chemin d'Aylmer/rue Principale and Lucerne Blvd (running east and west)., Vanier, Eardley, Broad/Klock, Wilfrid-Lavigne, Mountain Rd., Pink Rd. Aylmer is connected to Tunney's Pasture and Westboro in Ottawa by the Champlain Bridge, at the southeast corner.

It has been proposed to build an extension from Autoroute 50 in Gatineau that would come though Chelsea and central Aylmer to become a bridge between Deschênes and Brittania, but the plan is only tentative, mainly due to strong local opposition from the Brittania sector.

Aylmer is home to an effective and generally well-maintained network of bicycle paths that encircle the central portion of the area and run past many scenic locations, such as the Aylmer Marina and the Deschênes Rapids. The bike path system is maintained by the National Capital Commission.

Public transit

Public transit is provided by the Société de transport de l'Outaouais or STO, which runs twelve bus lines through the region (although many only operate during rush hour). The STO has been criticized by Aylmer residents—particularly youth—for not providing enough service to the area, and for not providing enough inter-sector bus lines (the eastern terminus for most Aylmer lines is in the Rideau Centre in downtown Ottawa). The STO is planning a bus rapid transit system known as Rapibus that would connect the Hull and Gatineau sectors, with the possibility of an expansion to Aylmer.

The railroad bedding still exists from Aylmer's now-defunct rail line, and pressure has been put on the STO to set up a light rail system in Gatineau that could connect to Ottawa's O-Train network via the Prince of Wales Bridge. If this were to happen, Aylmer could theoretically be served by light rail as well, but at present this appears highly unlikely.

Politics

Federal

In terms of population, Aylmer makes up about one third of the riding of Hull—Aylmer, which has elected a Liberal member of parliament in every federal election since its conception in 1984 — its predecessors, the ridings of Hull and Wright, in place from 1892 to 1984, also only ever elected Liberals. This, however, changed when the riding elected NDP MP Nycole Turmel to the House of Commons in the 2011 federal election. The Liberals returned to power in the Pontiac with the election of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Greg Fergus MP of the Pontiac.

Municipal

In the 2005 Gatineau municipal election, Aylmer voters showed particularly strong support for current mayor Marc Bureau, over incumbent and former mayor of "old" Hull Yves Ducharme. Similar voting patterns appeared in the sectors of Buckingham and Masson-Angers, the other two "outlying" regions of Gatineau. This could be due to a perception among residents that the Ducharme administration was more focused on the urban core of the new city, as opposed to the periphery, as well as the rapid development of green-spaces into residential subdivisions. However, six months after the November election, residents are showing the highest level of dissatisfaction with the Bureau administration out of all the sectors, citing Aylmer's being left out of municipal processes, poor quality of municipal services, and little to no action to halt suburban sprawl. Interestingly, Masson-Angers and Buckingham residents are presently showing the most support for the new government.

Recently, the City of Gatineau administration had plans to reuse a former landfill site on Cook Road in the north end of the sector to build a new composting plant. A deal was planned with a non-profit organisation called La Ressourcerie to operate the site. However, local residents are strongly opposed with health and environmental concerns especially due to the past of the landfill site.[5] Despite displaying their fierce opposition, which included acts of intimidation and threats towards some councillors, at a Gatineau City Council Meeting, Mayor Marc Bureau mentioned that he will still build the plant at the Cook site, and that according to him it was the best possible site.[6] He later added that he will study other possibilities for the plant.

Aylmer's three wards are presently represented on the Gatineau city council by Stefan Psenak, André Laframboise and Alain Riel.

Amalgamation and de-Amalgamation

In 2002 the City of Aylmer became a part of Gatineau when the then-Parti Québécois government forcibly merged several clusters of cities and metropolitan areas throughout Québec. Residents of Aylmer were particularly against the amalgamation, citing fears of reduced municipal services, more suburban development, and a loss of cultural identity, as well as geographic differences (Hull and Gatineau arguably constitute a region of conurbation, whereas Aylmer was at the time separated by an expanse of sparsely inhabited green space).

A movement was started to halt the "forced fusion" of five cities surrounding Gatineau. The movement had particularly strong support in Aylmer. Signs reading "Je me souviendrai des fusions forcées" (literally, "I will remember forced fusions," a play on Québec's motto "Je me souviens") were a common sight.

An example of an Aylmer street, built before extensive housing developments.

When the Quebec Liberal Party won the 2003 provincial election, the newly amalgamated former cities were given the opportunity to demerge. A referendum was held to decide the fate of the City of Gatineau which required a double vote: at least 35% of eligible voters from a given sector had to cast ballots, and more than 50% of these had to be in favour of de-amalgamation. Aylmer voters chose to separate from Gatineau but not enough ballots were cast, meaning Aylmer remained a sector of the larger city.

The voting outcome itself was done in such a way that even if Aylmer succeeded in de-amalgamating from Gatineau, they would only do so in name. The de-amalgamation claimed that once Aylmer was its own area once again, it would have to pay for all its own changes, while Gatineau would still be in control of the administration. This meant that the sector of Aylmer would receive no support from the administration that determined what was built where, but would still have to contribute 100% to the costs of the changes voted by the city of Gatineau.

Prior to the merger, Aylmer's residents and municipal laws had strongly opposed extensive construction programs. Following the amalgamation, many of the sector's prized green spaces were cut down for residential construction. Ex-Aylmer neighbourhoods like Wychwood and Village Lucerne have seen their undeveloped spaces sold to contractors. As a result of this unchecked development, there is a strong resentment of the current municipal administration among Aylmer Sector citizens.

List of pre-amalgamation mayors

Sources:[7][8]
  • James Baillie (1914–1916)
  • Armand de Bruyne (1916–1919, 1927–1928)
  • Hercule Therien (1919–1921)
  • George R. Nash (1921–1925)
  • Kenny Edey (1925–1927)
  • Amable Elie Beaudry (1928–1929)
  • Wilfrid J. Lavigne (1935–1941)
  • F. Lloyd Pilgrim (1941–1947)
  • Jean-Rene Therien (1947–1948, 1949–1953, 1959–1960)
  • Oscar E. Guertin (1949)
  • Telesphore G. Lortie (1953–1959)
  • J. Neil O'Donnell (1960–1965)
  • Eric Acland (1965–1967)
  • Edgar Whelan (1967–1970)
  • Ernest Lattion (1970–1975)
  • Neil O'Donnell (1975–1979)
  • Patrick T. Asselin (1979–1983)
  • Constance Provost (1983–1995)
  • Marc Croteau (1995–2001)

List of mayors of Deschênes (1920-1974)

Source:[9]

List of mayors of Lucerne (1879-1974)

  • William McKay Wright (1879–1881)
  • Claudius Maxwell (1881–1887)
  • William Simmons (1887–1892)
  • Robert Hugues Conroy (1892–1905)
  • Samuel H. Edey (1905–1909)
  • William H. McConnell (1909–1912)
  • Samuel Stewart (1912–1919)
  • William H. McConnell (1919–1920)
  • Samuel Arbuckle (1920)
  • William Maxwell (1921–1931)
  • Frederick Ferris (1931–1948)
  • Arthur Grimes (1948–1949)
  • Hibbert Vipond (1949–1952)
  • Thomas C. Radmore (1952–1957)
  • Thomas Graham Mayburry (1957–1961)
  • Jules Loeb (1961–1963)
  • Gaston Isabelle (1963–1966)
  • Gilbert W. Nadeau (1966–1967)
  • Raymond Roger (1967–1969)
  • Maurice Beaulieu (1969–1971)
  • Denis Roberge (1971–1973)
  • Henri Laflamme (1973–1974)

Note:From 1879 to November 1964, this area was known as South Hull

Sources:[10][11]

Education

English School Board

Western Quebec School Board

Provides English and French immersion education to primary and secondary students.

Primary schools

South Hull: Immersion primary school, located in Lakeview Terrace.

École Du Marais: A francophone primary school, located on the corner of Marigot street and boulevard Du Plateau. Inaugurated in 2011 for the growing community, it teaches kindergarten to grade 6.

Rapides Deschênes: A francophone primary school, located on Vanier road, just south of Lakeview Terrace. Occupying three buildings, it teaches school from kindergarten to grade 6.The schools were originally known as St George ( grades 1 and 2 ), Notre Dame ( for girls, with a convent attached ) and St Medard ( for boys ). The schools had English and French classes in the 1950s and 1960s.

Vieux-Verger: A francophone primary school, located on Wilfrid-Lavigne boulevard. It teaches school from kindergarten to grade 6. Before the school was built, an orchard was present on that lot, which inspired the name for the school, which is French for "Old Orchard".

Euclide-Lanthier: A francophone primary school, located on Elizabeth street. It teaches kindergarten to grade 6.

Trois-Portages: A francophone primary school, located on Broad street, in the lot next to École Secondaire Grande-Rivière. It teaches kindergarten to grade 6.

École du Village:A francophone primary school divided into two separate buildings: Limoges and St-Paul. It teaches grades 1 through 6. Limoges (grade 1 to 3) is located on Symmes. St-Paul (grade 4 to 6) is located on Dalhousie.

Lord Aylmer School : Renamed after the amalgamation of Saint Mark's Elementary and Aylmer Elementary. The school has two campuses (located only across the street from each other). The former St. Mark's (known as the "Junior Campus") teaches students from kindergarten to grade 3. Aylmer Elementary (the "Senior Campus") teaches grades 4 to 6. Lord Aylmer Elementary has a program in English and French immersion. Located on Frank Robinson street.(Historical note: Aylmer Elementary was previously Aylmer High School, an English-language secondary school which was de-commissioned with the opening of the Philemon Wright High School in Hull in 1969.)

Montessori de l'Outaouais: Based on the Montessori theory of education, this French preschool and kindergarten is thirty years old. It is located at 161 Principale Street.

Secondary schools

École secondaire Grande-Rivière: a francophone high school, located on Broad street, this school teaches well over 2000 students, and supports an additional 100+ staff members, including teachers, administrators, janitors, and other service personnel. It is the largest secondary school in the sector. It sports a standard programme, a musical concentration programme, an artistic concentration programme, an IB Middle Years Programme, the International Programme (P.E.I), and several support programmes for students in difficulty. It also has a small community of highly active students who participate in the organization of school activities.

Other secondary schools are Symmes Junior High School (grades 7 and 8) and the recently constructed École secondaire D'Arcy McGee High School (grades 9, 10 and 11), both located on Blvd. du Plateau, this is because they are joined together, making the school grades 7-11.

Notable Aylmer individuals

Geographic location

 Cantley
Chelsea
Pontiac Hull
Gatineau
   Aylmer  
Ottawa River
Bridge to:
Ottawa, Ontario

Neighbourhoods

See also

References

  1. ↑ Population calculated by combining Census Tracts 5050822.03, 5050822.04, 5050821.02, 5050821.01, 5050800.00, 5050820.00, 5050811.02, 5050811.01, 5050810.02, 5050810.01
  2. ↑ "Aylmer, Quebec". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  3. ↑ "Heritage". City of Gatineau. Archived from the original on 2014-08-12.
  4. ↑ Moses Chamberlain Edey Dictionary of Architects in Canada http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1549
  5. ↑ Residents raise stink over Gatineau composting plant
  6. ↑ Duquette, Patrick, Gatineau fera son compostage dans l'ancien depotoir Cook, (Gatineau will do its compositing plant at former Cook landfill site), Le Droit, Ottawa, September 20, 2006, page 3.
  7. ↑ Aylmer 1847-1974.PDF
  8. ↑ http://www.ville.gatineau.qc.ca/Archives/Aylmer%201975-2001_Conseil.pdf[]
  9. ↑ "Municipalité de Deschênes – Liste des maires et des conseillers" (PDF). City of Gatineau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-08.
  10. ↑ "http://craoutaouais.ca/repertoire/Web/hull-sud.html". Répertoire des élus municipaux de l’Outaouais de 1845 à 1975 (in French). Archives nationales du Québec. External link in |title= (help)
  11. ↑ "Municipalité de Lucerne - Liste des maires et des conseillers" (PDF). City of Gatineau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-08.

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