List of stoffs
During World War II, Germany fielded many aircraft and rockets whose fuels, and oxidizers, were designated (letter)-Stoff.
In German, Stoff means roughly the same thing as English "stuff", both of which derive from the Old French word estoffe (meaning cloth or material). Stoff has as broad a range of meanings, ranging from "chemical substance" to "cloth", depending on the context. The common elements (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen) are named respectively Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff, Kohlenstoff and Stickstoff (literally: 'water-stuff', 'sour-stuff', 'coal-stuff' and 'smother-stuff', respectively) in German. Stoff was used in chemical code names in both World War I and World War II. Some code names were reused between the wars and had different meanings at different times; for example, T-Stoff meant a rocket propellant in World War II, but a tear gas (xylyl bromide) in World War I. The following list refers to the World War II aerospace meanings if not noted otherwise.
- A-Stoff (World War I): chloroacetone (tear gas)[1]
- A-Stoff (World War II): liquid oxygen (LOX)
- B-Stoff: hydrazine or 75% ethanol / 25% water (used in the V-2)
- Bn-Stoff (World War I): bromomethyl ethyl ketone, homomartonite (tear gas)[1]
- Br-Stoff: Ligroin extracted from crude gasoline
- C-Stoff: 57% methanol / 30% hydrazine / 13% water / small amount of Catalyst 431 potassium-cuprous cyanide coordination complex
- F-Stoff: titanium tetrachloride
- K-Stoff: methyl chloroformate
- M-Stoff: methanol
- N-Stoff: chlorine trifluoride
- R-Stoff or Tonka: 57% monoxylidene oxide / 43% triethylamine
- S-Stoff: 90% nitric acid / 10% sulfuric acid or 96% nitric acid / 4% ferric chloride (The ferric chloride acted as a catalyst.[2])
- SV-Stoff or Salbei (sage): 94% nitric acid / 6% dinitrogen tetroxide or 85% nitric acid / 15% sulfuric acid
- (There was also an experimental variant of S/SV-Stoff containing 90% nitric acid and 10% perchloric acid)
- T-Stoff (World War I): xylyl bromide tear gas[1]
- T-Stoff (World War II): 80% concentrated hydrogen peroxide / small amounts of 8-Hydroxyquinoline / 20% water used as hypergolic oxidizer with C-Stoff, or as monopropellant or power source with Z-Stoff
- U-Stoff: dinitrogen tetroxide
- X-Stoff: tetranitromethane
- XU-Stoff: 70% (by weight) X-Stoff (tetranitromethane) / 30% (by weight) U-Stoff (dinitrogen tetroxide)
- Z-Stoff: calcium permanganate / sodium permanganate / water
References
External links
- www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org — Fuels used by German rocket engines
- IBWiki, Rocket fuels
- Die Tarnnummern des Reichsluftfahrtministeriums (in German)