Budaun

Budaun बदायूँ بدایوں City Of Saints
Regional Major City
Budaun Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 28°03′N 79°07′E / 28.05°N 79.12°E / 28.05; 79.12Coordinates: 28°03′N 79°07′E / 28.05°N 79.12°E / 28.05; 79.12
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
Region	Rohilkhand
Division	Bareilly
District	Budaun
Settled	905AD (Modern City), 220BC (Ancient City)
Government
• Body	Budaun Municipal Corporation
• Chairman	Fatma Raza
• MP	Dharmendra Yadav
• MLA	Abid Raza
Area
• Regional Major City	81 km2 (31 sq mi)
Elevation	164 m (538 ft)
Population (2011)
• Regional Major City	369,221
• Rank	17
• Density	5,489/km2 (14,220/sq mi)
• Metro	457,665
Demonym(s)	Badayuni
Languages
• Official	Hindi, Urdu,
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	2436xx
Telephone code	0583
ISO 3166 code	IN-UP-BD
Vehicle registration	UP 24
Coastline	0 kilometres (0 mi)
Sex ratio	907 female/1000 male
Literacy	82.0%
Civic agency	Budaun Development Authority
Governing body	Government of UP Government of India
Climate	HS-TH (Köppen)
Precipitation	843 millimetres (33.2 in)
Avg. annual temperature	27.5 °C (81.5 °F)
Avg. summer temperature	39.8 °C (103.6 °F)
Avg. winter temperature	11.5 °C (52.7 °F)
Website	http://www.badaun.nic.in/
Also known as 'City of Saints' or 'Madinat ul Awliya', famous for its Pedas, 'Mentha City' of India.

Budaun (also spelled as Badayun) is a city and a headquarter of Budaun district,^[1] Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located near the Ganges river.^[2] in the center of Western Uttar Pradesh. Budaun is a Hindu and Muslim dominated region. It was the most important post of Northern Frontier during Mughal reign. Budaun is a big market, historically famous and religiously important city. It is the heart of Rohilkhand.^[3][4] Budaun is 229 km from New Delhi and it takes 3 hours 55 mins to 7 hours reach to reach the city depending on mode of transport i.e. car or roadways bus service. ^[5] Whilst not a main tourist destination, it still attracts thousands of people annually. Every year it is estimated that 1.5 lac to 2 lac people visit the city, most people coming to visitZiyarats. Budaun is famous among the Barelwi sectors of Muslims due to the presence of hundreds of martyrs (shaheed) and saints buried there. Iltutmish's period made Budaun the capital of its empire or Medieval India.

Etymology

Prof. Goti John referred this city was named Bedamooth in an ancient inscription based on stone scripts at the Lucknow Museum. Later this region was called Panchal. According to the lines on stone scripts there was a village Bhadaunlak near the city. The Muslim historian Roz Khan Lodhi said that at Ashoka The Great (?) built a Buddh Vihar and Quila; he named it BuddhMau (Budaun Fort). According to George Smith, Budaun was named after the Ahir prince Budh.^[6][7]

Geography

Budaun has an average elevation of 169 metres (554 feet). It has normal rainfall levels. Since Budaun was settled after demolishing a large fort, the city is irregularly elevated, with Sotha and Punjabi Mohalla at the top. The Civil Lines area is much plainer.

Budaun is in the tropical region. Its average temperature is approximately 30 °C. There is widespread greenery. The climatic conditions are suitable for agriculture; the crops production from this area is larger.

Politics

Dharmendra Yadav is the MP of the Budaun Constituency and is the nephew of Mulayam Singh Yadav. Budaun has large population of Ahirs which according to British historian Matthew Atmore Sherring came from Hansi and Hisar which is in Haryana.^[8][9] Budaun city comes under mainly Budaun lok sabha seat and partly in Aonla lok sabha seat. MLA of Budaun City is Mr. Abid Raza, also Serving As a Chairman of Uttar Pradesh Wakf Development Corporation.^[10]

Demographics

As per provisional data of the 2011 census, Budaun City had a population of 369,221 (188,475 male 180,746 female = 1000/907), 39,613 (12.3%) of whom were aged 0–6. The adult literacy rate was 92.0. The widely spoken language in the city is Hindi and Urdu with English being used very rarely, and Punjabi is also a significant language in the city.The sex ratio of Budaun city is 907 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 882 per 1000 boys. The area of the city is 81 square km. Budaun Metro Area have a population of around 417000 and an area of 103 square km. With Badaun City, it includes Shekhupur, Bahedi, Islamganj, Chandanpur, Salarpur, Salarpur Industrial Estate, Shekhupur Firing Range, Padauna and Khera Buzurg.%.^[11]

^[12]

History

The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition wrote of Buduan:

A town and district of British India, in the Rohilkhand division of the United Provinces. The town is near the left bank of the river Sot. Pop. (1901) 39,031. There are ruins of an immense fort and a very handsome mosque of imposing size, crowned with a dome, and built in 1223. The American Methodist mission maintains several girls schools, and there is a high school for boys. According to tradition, Budaun was founded about 905 AD, and an inscription, probably of the 12th century, gives a list of twelve Rathor kings reigning at Budaun (called Vodamayuta). The first authentic historical event connected with it, however, was its capture by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1196, after which it became a very important post on the northern frontier of the Delhi empire. In the 13th century two of its governors, Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, the builder of the great mosque referred above, and his son Rukn ud din Firuz, attained the imperial throne. In 1571 the town was burnt, and about a hundred years later, under Shah Jahan, the seat of the governorship was transferred to Sahaspur- Bilari. ^[14]

Relationship of Budaun to Baghdad

The shrine of Hazrat Gaus-e-Azam Abdul-Qadir Gilani at Baghdad Iraq is well known to Sunni, Barelwi, Muslims. Since 1862 Khanqah-Qadriya, who cares for the shrine, has been from Budaun. The key of the main door of the initial shrine of Gaus-e-Azam Abdul-Qadir Gilani is like a treasure at Khankah-e-Qadriya Budaun. Every year the responsible person of Khanqah visits Baghdad during Urs-e-Gaus-Azam 11th of Rabi-ul-Thani (Month of Islamic Calendar) and opens the initial metal door and stays there until Qool. In 2013 there was a terrorist attack. Another shrine is also situated under the complex of Dargah Gaus-e-Azam Abdul-Qadir Gilani.

Transportation

Roadways

Budaun city acts as a junction for many national roads, which make the city one of the most important of the western UP. SH33 (Bharatpur-Mathura-Bareilly) and SH43 (Moradabad-Farrukhabad) pass through Budaun, It is also the terminal point of SH18 (to Meerut via Bulandshahr) and SH51 (to Delhi via Bulandshahr). Budaun Depot, with 118 buses is one of the most profitable depots of UPSRTC. Two new highways would be soon connected to Budaun city, first will connect Budaun to Etawah through Qadar Chowk, Etah and Mainpuri and the second one would connect Budaun to Shahjahanpur through Dataganj. After construction of these two roads in coming 2 years, Budaun will be an important road junction of the Western UP.

Buses are available 24x7 from Baduan to Delhi & vice versa.

Budaun Railway Station

Railways

Budaun's railway station code is BEM. Budaun lies on the Mathura-Lalkuan railway which has been converted into broad gauge and was inaugurated by rail minister Suresh Prabhu on 11 August 2015. First train to run was Ramnagar Agra Fort Express. Another rail line is proposed connecting Gajraula to Mainpuri through Budaun, which would make Budaun a junction.

Intercity

Classical rickshaws serve the city for all the day. However, you may find autos on specified points run to a limited distance (10–20 kilometres (6.2–12.4 mi) generally). Main routes for auto rikshas and light vehicle are towards Dataganz, Aonla and Ujhani. Budaun is one of the less polluted cities of UP because of a lot use of AutoGas (LPG). In fact Budaun is one of the rare cities having AutoGas on petrol pumps. Many the vehicles of the city are LPG workable.

Infrastructure and CityScape

	Old City Jama Masjid Sheikh Patti	Salarpur Industrial Area Menthol Industrial belt SriRam Nagar Colony	Shyam Nagar Sagar Tal Khera Navada
	Qaboolpura Sotha Chaudhari Sarai		KatraBrahampur Patiyali Sarai Khandsaari
		Bada Bazar Ghantaghar
	Shekhupr Nayi Basti Lalpul	Police Lines Nekpur Samrat Ashok Nagar	Civil Lines Awas Vikas Shastri Nagar

Historical and religious places

• Jama Masjid Shamsi built by Iltutmish in 1223. This mosque is the third oldest mosque of the countryand second Largest
• An immense Badaun fort (Nawab Ikhlas khan ka Makbaraa) in Jawaharpuri. It is known as Roza
• Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya's house in Syedwada where he was born.
• Choti Ziyarat. It is the monument of Hazrat Badrauddin Rahmatullah Alhay.
• Badi Ziyarat (It is a Dargah 'mazar sariff' of Wali of Allah, Hazrat Sultan Arfiin Rahamtullah)
• Banno Buwa Ziyarat (It is a Dargah 'mazar sariff' of Maa Banno Bua)
• The palace of ohia, built by the royal family of sahaspur bilari in 1812.
• Biruba Badi Mandir Badaun ( This shrine is considered as the idol of lord shiva appeared by its own. This is a place of great religious importance for the people of city and near-by.)
• Remains of Sheikhupur Fort, Sheikhupur, Badaun
• Mumtaz Mahal's sister's mausoleum, Sheikhupur, Badaun
• Emperor Jahangir's foster son's mausoleum Sheikhupur, Badaun
• Farshori tola
• Ruins of many mughal monuments
• Sarsota in Sahaswan
• Kothiwal temple
• Judge Saheb Ka Phatak, Farshori Tola, Budaun
• Dargah Alia Qadriya, Budaun
• Kakora Mela
• Roza,Budaun

Jama Masjid Shamsi

Jama Masjid Shamsi Mosque is in the old city area built by Iltutmish in 1223 at the time when he was the ruler of India.

This mosque reflects the Persian and Afghani Architecture, it has three Gates, Main gate is on Shakeel Road made up of Red Marble and its as high as 100 feet. Another gate is in Farshori Tola and third one in Sotha. It has a Central Dome surrounded by two more domes, and 5 other domes too, Floor is of "SangeMarMar" or White Marble. It has a "Hauz" and three "WuzuKhana" in its premises. Two sides of mosque are occupied by residential blocks called as "Jama Masjid Quarters".

This mosque is the third oldest existing and second largest mosque of the country after Delhi's Jama Masjid, having a standard capacity of 23500. The built up part of the mosque is larger than any other mosque of the country. Before the expansion of Delhi's Jama Masjid, it was the largest and most famous mosque of the country. The Central dome of the mosque is considered to be the largest for any dome of mosque in the country.

It is also a Monument of National Importance and National Heritage Site.

Educational institutes

Agriculture

Major agricultural products are wheat, paddy, sugarcane, guava and menthol. Budaun is the largest producer of wheat in UP, II largest of sugarcane and potatoes. It is the leading producer of menthol in the country. The soil is very fertile due to tarai, because Budaun is on the bank of the Ganges; the Ganges flows 110 km in the district. Guava and menthol are the major exporting products. Budaun gives 40% of total menthol export of India.

Industries

Budaun City has many small scale industries and a few

• Sugar mill at Shekupur
• Rice Mills
• Many Brick Kilns
• Beedi factories at Naushera
• Menthol Producing Plants On outer SH4
• Many automobiles parts are manufactured in Budaun.

Notable people

Sister cities/Twin Towns

Budaun has been a centre for spiritual learning and Sufism since 1200 AD, and have link to the following cities.

• Bukhara, Uzbekistan
• Chisht, Afghanistan
• Baghdad, Iraq

See also

• Government Medical College, Budaun
• Delhi Sultanate
• Budaun Metro Area
• Vodamayuta
• Jama Masjid Shamsi
• Panchala

References