Battle of Kcynia

Part of Second Northern War / The Deluge

Date	1 June 1656
Location	Kcynia, Poland
Result	Swedish victory

Belligerents

Swedish Empire

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Commanders and leaders

Charles X Gustav

Stefan Czarniecki

Strength

unknown

Casualties and losses

unknown

The Deluge

Ujście Danzig Sobota Żarnów 1st Kraków Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki Wojnicz Krosno Jasna Góra Radom Gołąb Jarosław Nisko Zamość Sandomierz Warka Kłecko 1st Warsaw Kcynia Tykocin 2nd Warsaw Łowicz Lubrze 2nd Kraków Prostken Filipów Chojnice Magierów Czarny Ostrów Skałat Toruń Szkudy Grudziądz

Second Northern War

Theaters

"Swedish Deluge" Russo-Swedish (1656–58) Pomerania Dano-Swedish (1657–58) Dano-Swedish (1658–60) Norway Peach Tree War

Battles

Ujście Danzig Sobota Żarnów 1st Cracow Nowy Dwór Wojnicz Krosno Jasna Góra Radom Gołąb Jarosław Nisko Zamość Sandomierz Warka Kłecko 1st Warsaw Kcynia Tykocin 2nd Warsaw Dyneburg Kokenhusen Riga Łowicz Lubrze 2nd Cracow Prostki/Prostken Filipów Chojnice Walk Magierów Czarny Ostrów Skałat March Across the Belts Toruń Kolding Szkudy Copenhagen Sound Ebeltoft Grudziądz Nyborg

Treaties

The Battle of Kcynia took place on June 1, 1656, and was one of battles of the Swedish invasion of Poland. It resulted in a victory of Swedish forces, commanded by King Charles X Gustav and Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg.

In the spring of 1656, Hetman Stefan Czarniecki carried out a raid in Swedish-occupied Greater Poland, in which he supported Polish guerrilla forces. On May 20, he left Uniejów, and headed northwards, to Royal Prussia, where his division joined local pospolite ruszenie, commanded by Voivode of Malbork Voivodeship, Jakub Weyher. Polish forces camped near Kcynia, feeling safe among the waters of the Noteć river. Meanwhile, Count Adolph John entered Bydgoszcz (May 26).

Czarniecki's raid into Royal Prussia alarmed King Charles X Gustav, who at that time commanded the Siege of Danzig. Charles Gustav decided to act quickly, and in late May, he abandoned the siege, and together with his army marched southwards, reaching Bydgoszcz on May 31, to meet Adolph John.

On June 1, after crossing the Noteć near Rynarzewo, Swedes attacked Czarniecki's camp, completely surprising Poles, whose units were scattered in the area. After an initial skirmish, the Poles began to flee, while Swedish soldiers advanced into the camp. Swedish victory was complete, the camp was destroyed, and several Polish officers were captured, including royal envoy, Jan Dominik Dzialynski.

After the defeat, Czarniecki cancelled his Prussian plans, and following royal orders, marched to Warsaw.

Sources

Miroslaw Nagielski, Warszawa 1656, Wydawnictwo Bellona, Warszawa 1990, ISBN 83-11-07786-X
Leszek Podhorodecki, Rapier i koncerz, Warszawa 1985, ISBN 83-05-11452-X

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