Baxter Street

The southern end of Baxter Street, at Worth Street, in the former Five Points (2014)
Street sign for Baxter Street in Chinatown

Baxter Street (Chinese: 巴士特街; pinyin: bāshìtè jiē) is a narrow thoroughfare that runs in a north–south direction in the borough of Manhattan in New York City in the United States. It lies between Mulberry Street and Centre Street. It runs through Little Italy and the edge of Chinatown. Today, it runs one-way southbound from Grand Street to Hogan Place, and one-way northbound for its southernmost block from Worth Street to Hogan Place.

Originally named Orange Street, it was famous as the primary street to form the notorious Five Points intersection (originally a regular corner of Orange and Cross Streets, and then, Anthony Street, which was later renamed Worth Street, was cut through to the intersection in 1817,[1] bisecting one of the four corners into two, so that the resulting junction consisted of five “points” on a map).

History of alignment

The original alignment of Orange Street began in a dead end north of Prince Street.[2] An 1803 plan, though, had it merge with Crosby Street at Houston Street.[3] At Spring Street, Elm Street merged with Orange Street; and at Broome Street, Centre Street merged with Orange Street. The triangle formed by Broome, Orange and Centre Streets was the location of the original Centre Market.

By 1850, the current alignment was set in place[4] with Centre Market becoming a full block between Grand and Broome Streets, with the portions of the original street alignment north of Broome being connected only to Centre Street and renamed Marion Place (and is currently known as Cleveland Place, with Elm, now Lafayette St., taking the alignment north of there and extending past the original dead end). The street on the east side of the Market, which was displaced a bit east of where Orange ends at Grand, also had taken on the name Centre Market Place.

On the southern end, Orange Street ran along the banks of the Collect Pond north of Cross Street, and a block later ended at Chatham Street, which would later be renamed Park Row. Past Park Row, another street, slightly to the east, named Roosevelt Street, continued to the East River waterfront.

Jacob Riis "Court at No. 24 Baxter St" (1888; a rookery near the Five Points intersection) is an illustration of the squalor of 19th century slums

Five Points

The southern end of the street deteriorated into a slum, largely due to the infilling of the Collect Pond, which lowered property values, causing the middle class to move out, and poor immigrants and African Americans to move in.[5] The area, particularly the street, eventually became known for gang violence.

In between, the first bowling alleys also began on the street, behind the saloons at Nos. 51 and 63,[6] and the tap dance was created by competing black and Irish dancers at a tavern at 67 Orange.[7]

In 1854, to try to remove some of the stigma the area had taken on already, some of the primary streets were renamed,[8] including Orange Street, which was then named after Charles Baxter, a state legislator who also to fought and died as a lieutenant colonel in the Mexican-American War.[9][10] However, the area, and the street, would maintain its seedy reputation. Gangs included the Baxter Street Dudes, who ran the Grand Duke's Theatre from their headquarters on the street during the 1870s. When various artists and photographers (most notably, Jacob Riis) would capture the scenes of the Five Points intersection and the squalor of the area in the 1870s and '80s, many Baxter Street scenes, including such residences as the "Dens of Death"[11] would be seen.

Revitalization

Later, much of the Five Points area was cleared. The east side, the Mulberry Bend, was turned into the Columbus Park in 1895. The west side of the street, and the entirety of Baxter Street south of Worth Street, was demolished for the Manhattan Civic Center in the 20th century. South of Canal Street, Baxter Street's west side adjoins the rear of the New York City Criminal Court, which is lined with numerous law and bail bond offices; Baxter Street is heavily connected to police and the law, despite having a history rife with crime.[12]

In popular culture

The street's past was portrayed in a play by New York playwright Barbara Kahn, The Ballad of Baxter Street, which premiered in 2005 at Theater for the New City.[13]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Anbinder p.15
  2. ↑ Mitchell, Samuel Augustus. "City Of New York, 1846". David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, Cartography Associates. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  3. ↑ Longworth, David. "(still image: Plan of the City of New York, 1803-05)". Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  4. ↑ Koch & Co. "City of New York, 1850". Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  5. ↑ Anbinder
  6. ↑ Anbinder, p.196
  7. ↑ Dickens, Charles (1880). Pictures from Italy, and American Notes for General Circulation. Boston: Houghton, Osgood and Company. pp. 274–75.
  8. ↑ Anbinder, p.105
  9. ↑ "Col. Charles Baxter's Grave Without Its Promised Monument—Baxter Street Named for Him". New York Times. 4 November 1899. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  10. ↑ Richman, Jeff. "At Long Last" Green-Wood Cemetery website (July 15, 2012)
  11. ↑ Riis, Jacob (1902). The Battle with the Slum. New York: Houghton, Mifflin. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  12. ↑ Cameryn Frost. "Experiencing Baxter Street: Then and Now, Reality and Fiction". Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  13. ↑ "The Ballad of Baxter Street"

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Baxter Street (Manhattan).


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