Banaras Hindu University

Banaras Hindu University
काशी हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय
Motto Sanskrit: विद्ययाऽमृतमश्नुते
Vidyayā'mritamașnute
Motto in English
 "Knowledge imparts immortality."
Type Public
Established 1916[1]
Founders Madan Mohan Malaviya
Chancellor Karan Singh
Vice-Chancellor Prof. G.C. Tripathi[2]
Students 29,865[3] (2013–14)
Location Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Campus Urban
Main campus: 1,300 acres (5.3 km2)
Rural
South campus: 2,700 acres (11 km2)
Colours      Saffron
Nickname BHU
Mascot Goddess Saraswati
Affiliations ACU
AIU
NAAC
UGC
Website bhu.ac.in

Banaras Hindu University (Hindi: काशी हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय ([kaʃi hind̪u viʃvəvid̪yaləy]); commonly referred to as BHU; formerly known as Central Hindu College) is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Established in 1916 by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya,[1] BHU is one of the largest residential universities in Asia, with over 20,000 students.[4][5] The university comprises all castes, creeds, religions and genders, and is on the list of Institutes of National Importance.

The university's main campus spread over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) was built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh, the hereditary ruler of Banaras ("Kashi" being an alternative name for Banaras or Varanasi). The Banaras Hindu University, South campus, spread over 2,700 acres (11 km2),[6] hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agriculture Science Centre)[7] and is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district, about 60 km (37 mi) from Banaras. The University is also planning to set up a campus in Bihar.[8]

BHU is organised into 6 institutes and 14 faculties (streams) and more than 132 departments.[9] Total student enrolment at the university exceeds 30000, and includes students from over 34 nations.[10] It has over 75

dormitory|hostels]] for resident students. Several of its colleges, including engineering (IIT-BHU), management (FMS-BHU), science, linguistics, journalism & mass communication, performing arts, law, agriculture (IAS-BHU), medicine (IMS-BHU) and Institute of Environment And Sustainable Development (IESD-BHU), are ranked among the best in India.[11] The university is well known for hosting an IIT. The university's engineering institute was designated an IIT in June 2012.

BHU is celebrating its centenary year in 2015-2016. Cetenary Year Celebration Cell will organise various programmes including cultural programmes, feasts & competitions & Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya Birthday on 25 December 2015.[12]

History

Statue of Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya at the entrance of Shri Vishwanath Mandir
Vishwanath temple on BHU campus

The Banaras Hindu University was established by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya. A prominent lawyer and an Indian independence activist, Malviya considered education as the primary means for achieving a national awakening.[13]

At the 21st Conference of the Indian National Congress in Benares in December 1905, Malviya publicly announced his intent to establish a university in Varanasi. On the request of the Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Sant Baba Attar Singh ji Mastuana (Punjab) laid the foundation stone of Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi in 1914. Malviya continued to develop his vision for the university with inputs from other Indian nationalists and educationists. He published his plan in 1911. The focus of his arguments was on the prevailing poverty in India and the decline in income of Indians compared to Europeans. The plan called for focus on technology and science, besides the study of India's religion and culture:

"The millions mired in poverty here can only get rid (of it) when science is used in their interest. Such maximum application of science is only possible when scientific knowledge is available to Indians in their own country."[14]

Malviya's plan evaluated whether to seek government recognition for the university or operate without its control. He decided in favour of the former for various reasons. Malviya also considered the question of medium of instruction, and decided to start with English given the prevalent environment, and gradually add Hindi and other Indian languages. A distinguishing characteristic of Malviya's vision was the preference for a residential university. All other Indian universities of the period, such as the universities in Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, etc., were affiliating universities which only conducted examinations and awarded degrees to students of their affiliated colleges.[14]

Around the same time, Annie Besant was also trying to expand her Central Hindu School and establish a university. Established in 1898 in the Kamachha area of Varanasi, the vision behind the school was that there should be learning institutions based on Hindu philosophy.[15] Malviya had supported Besant's cause and in 1903, he had raised 250,000 Rupees in donations to finance the construction of the school's hostel.[16] In 1907 Besant had applied for a royal charter to establish a university. However, there was no response from the British government.

Following the publication of Malviya's plan, Besant met Malviya and in April 1911 they agreed to unite their forces to build the university in Varanasi.[17]

Malviya soon left his legal practice to focus exclusively on developing the university and his independence activities.[18] On 22 November 1911, he registered the Hindu University Society to gather support and raise funds for building the university.[19] He spent the next 4 years gathering support and raising funds for the university. Malviya sought and received early support from the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh and Maharaja Sir Rameshwar Singh Bahadur of Raj Darbhanga.[15]

In October 1915, with support from Malviya's allies in the Indian National Congress, the Banaras Hindu University Bill was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council.[20] In November 1915, Besant, Bhagwan Das, and other trustees of the Central Hindu School agreed to the government's condition that the school become a part of the new university.

BHU was finally established in 1916, the first university in India that was the result of a private individual's efforts. The foundation for the main campus of the university was laid by Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India, on Vasant Panchami 4 February 1916.[17][21] To promote the university's expansion, Malviya invited eminent guest speakers such as Mahatma Gandhi, Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, Prof C. V. Raman, Dr. Prafulla Chandra Roy, Prof Sam Higginbottom, Sir Patrick Geddes, and Besant to deliver a series of what are now called The University Extension Lectures between 5–8 February 1916. Gandhi's lecture on the occasion was his first public address in India.[21]

Sir Sunder Lal was appointed the first Vice Chancellor, and the university began its academic session[1] the same month with classes initially held at the Central Hindu School in the Kamachha area, while the campus was being built on over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) of land donated by the Kashi Naresh on the outskirts of the city.

Keeping with Malviya's vision articulated in his 1911 plan, the Banaras Engineering College (BENCO) was among the first new academic colleges of the university to be established. Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV of Mysore, the first Chancellor of BHU, performed the opening ceremony of the BENCO workshop buildings on 17 January 1919, during his visit to preside over the first university convocation.

The university's anthem, known as the Kulgeet, was composed by Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.[22]

Campus

Main campus

Dept of Electrical Engineering IIT-BHU
Sir Sundarlal Hospital

BHU is located on the southern edge of Varanasi, near the banks of the river Ganges. Development of the main campus, spread over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2), started in 1916 on land donated by the then Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh. The campus layout approximates a semicircle, with intersecting roads laid out along the radii or in arcs. Buildings built in the first half of the 20th century are fine examples of Indo-Gothic architecture.

Birla Hostel, BHU

The campus has over 60 hostels offering residential accommodation for over 12,000 students.[23] On-campus housing is also available to a majority of the full-time faculty.

The Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library is the main library on campus and houses over 1.3 million volumes as of 2011. Completed in 1941, its construction was financed by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda. In addition to the main library, there are three institute libraries, eight faculty libraries and over 25 departmental libraries available to students and staff.

Sir Sunderlal Hospital on the campus is a teaching hospital for the Institute of Medical Sciences. Established in 1926 with 96 beds, it has since been expanded to over 900 beds and is the largest tertiary referral hospital in the region.

The most prominent landmark is the Shri Vishwanath Mandir, located in the centre of the campus. The foundation for this 252 feet (77 m) high complex of seven temples was laid in March 1931, and took almost three decades to complete.[24]

Bharat Kala Bhavan is an art and archaeological museum on the campus. Established in January 1920, its first chairman was Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, with his nephew Abanindranath Tagore as the vice-chairman. The museum was expanded and gained prominence with the efforts of Rai Krishnadasa.[25] The museum is best known for its collection of Indian paintings, but also includes archaeological artefacts, textiles and costumes, Indian philately as well as literary and archival materials.[26]

South campus

The Banaras Hindu University, South campus is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district,[6] about 60 km (37 mi) southwest of the main campus. Spread over an area of over 2,700 acres (11 km2), it was transferred as a lease in perpetuity to BHU by the Bharat Mandal Trust in 1979.[27]

It hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agricultural Science Centre), with focus on research in agricultural techniques, agro-forestry and bio-diversity appropriate to the Vindhya Range region.[28] The south campus features a lecture complex, library, student hostel and faculty housing, besides administrative offices.[29]

Rajiv Gandhi South Campus

The Banaras Hindu University has extended its outreach by establishing its South Campus at Barkachha in Mirzapur district. The RGSC is being developed as a potential hub for education, training and entrepreneurship for youth and women, especially those belonging to tribes and weaker sections of the society. The campus is being developed by the University with a mission to enrich the lives of the population of the region by extending to them opportunities to engage in lifelong learning and to benefit from the result of research.

Academics

BHU is organised into four institutes and fourteen Faculties (Streams). The institutes are administratively autonomous, with their own budget, management and academic bodies.

Institutes

Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi

The Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi [IIT(BHU)] is an engineering institute under the aegis of BHU. IIT-BHU has 13 departments and 3 inter-disciplinary schools, providing technology education with an emphasis on its industrial applications. Established in 1919, it is one of the oldest engineering institutes in India.[30] The institute in its present form was created by the merger of three BHU colleges – the Banaras Engineering College, the College of Mining and Metallurgy, and the College of Technology.

It was designated an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) by The Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2012 of Parliament in 2012[31] and is declared as Institute of National Importance by Government of India under IIT Act.[32]

Institute of Science

The Institute of Science comprises thirteen Departments covering almost all the branches in modern science. It offers B.Sc.(Hons.) and M.Sc. courses in most disciplines, M.Sc. (Tech.) in Geophysics, MCA, and conducts research programmes in all areas.Two vocational courses, Industrial Microbiology and Electronics Instrumentation and Maintenance have been introduced in recent years at U.G. level. Aakanksha is its annual cultural fest organize every year in the month of February.

Institute of Agricultural Sciences

The Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS) was founded as Institute of Agricultural Research in 1931 and was the first institute in India to provide postgraduate programs (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in agricultural science. In 1945, undergraduate degrees were introduced and it was renamed as the College of Agriculture. It was renamed as the Faculty of Agriculture in 1968 and was raised to the status of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in August 1980. It is involved in both education and research in agricultural science.[33]

Institute of Medical Sciences

Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU

The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) is a residential, co-educational medical institute. It admits students for its programs in medicine through the BHU-PMT entrance examination held across India. In addition to the MBBS programs, it offers specialisations and PhD programs for physicians in medicine and surgery. It also offers graduate and post-graduate programs in Nursing, Ayurvedic medicine, Dentistry and Health Statistics. It is one of the finest institute in the country. It produces some of the best physicians and results across the country. There are three faculties viz. Medicine, Ayurveda and Dental Sciences.

Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development

The Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD) aims to develop and advance the knowledge of technology and processes for sustainable development. This institute was started in the tenure of Dr. D.P. Singh as VC of BHU.[34]

Institute of Management Studies

Faculties

Faculty of Arts, Banaras Hindu University

Academic faculties of the university include:[35]

Inter-disciplinary schools

School of Biotechnology

School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University

The School of Biotechnology (SBT) is a center for postgraduate teaching and research under the aegis of Faculty of Science of the BHU.[36][37] It was established in 1986 with funding from the Department of Biotechnology,[38] of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It offers MSc and PhD programmes in Biotechnology.

The inter-disciplinary program involves partnership between the Faculty of Science, the Institute of Medical Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology at BHU. Notable faculty include Prof. Arvind Mohan Kayastha.[39]

DBT-BHU Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences

The Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences (ISLS) is a joint initiative of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India and the BHU. It was established with a grant of INR 238.9 million from the DBT.[40]

DST Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences

The Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences (CIMS) focuses on research and education in mathematics, modelling and statistics. It was established under the management of the Faculty of Science, with support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST).[41] The centre imparts post-graduate education and research with participation from the Department of Mathematics, Department of Statistics and Department of Computer Science of the Faculty of Science and the Department of Applied Mathematics of the IIT-BHU. It regularly organizes training programmes, workshops, Seminars and conferences.

Centre of Food Science & Technology

The Centre of Food Science & Technology (CFST) is an inter-disciplinary research centre with collaboration between the Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the Inidian Institute of Technology (BHU) focusing on food processing technology.[42]

Research centres

Apart from specialised centres directly funded by DBT, DST, ICAR and ISRO, a large number of departments under the Faculties of Sciences, Engineering, Technology and Social Sciences receive funding from the DST Fund for Improvement of Science & Technology Infrastructure (FIST) and the University Grants Commission (UGC) Special Assistance Programme (SAP). UGC SAP provides funds under its Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Department of Special Assistance (DSA) and Departmental Research Support (DRS) programmes.[43]

BHU research centres include:

  • DBT Centre of Genetic Disorders;[44]
  • Center for Environmental Science and Technology;[45]
  • Nano science and Technology Center;
  • Hydrogen Energy Center;
  • UGC Advanced Immunodiagnostic Training and Research Center;
  • Centre for Experimental Medicine and Surgery;
  • Center for Women's Studies and Development (CWSD);
  • Center for the Study of Nepal (CNS);
  • Malviya Center for Peace Research (MCPR);
  • Center for Rural Integrated Development; and
  • Centre for Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy (CSSEIP)
  • DST Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences

.

Affiliated schools and colleges

Colleges

Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University

Schools

Library system

The Banaras Hindu University Library system was established from a collection donated by Prof. P.K. Telang in the memory of his father Justice Kashinath Trimbak Telang in 1917. The collection was housed in the Telang Hall of the Central Hindu College, Kamachha. In 1921, the library was moved to the Central Hall of the Arts College (now the Faculty of Arts).

The present Central Library of BHU was established with a donation from Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda. Upon his return from the First Round Table Conference, Gaekwad wanted a library built on the pattern of the British Library and its reading room, which was then located in the British Museum. On Malviya's suggestion, he made the donation to build the library on the BHU campus.[46]

The Gaekwad Library is a designated Manuscript Conservation Centre (MCC) of the National Mission for Manuscripts,[47] established in 2003.[48]

By 1931, the library had built a collection of around 60,000 volumes. The trend of donation of personal and family collection to the library continued as late as the 1940s with the result that it has unique pieces of rarities of books and journals dating back to the 18th century.

As of 2011, the BHU Library System consisted of the Central Library and 3 Institute Libraries, 8 Faculty Libraries and over 25 Departmental Libraries, with a collection of at least 1.3 million volumes.[46] The digital library is available to students and staff and provides online access to thousands of journals, besides access to large collections of online resources[49] through the National Informatics Centre's DELNET[50] and UGC's INFLIBNET.[51]

ICT Infrastructure

The University has 100 kilometer long fiber optic backbone of Campus wide LAN, connecting all academic and administrative buildings as well as hostels with a well-equipped Computer Centre, providing high end computing and training facilities. The University has been provided three 1 Gbit/s nodes of National Knowledge Network (NKN) under NME-ICT.

Admissions

Banaras Hindu University conducts national level undergraduate (UET) and postgraduate (PET) entrance tests usually during May–June for admission. Admissions are done according to merit in the entrance tests, subject to fulfilling of other eligibility requirements. Admissions to B.Tech./B.Pharm., M.Tech./M.Pharm. are done through JEE and GATE respectively. Admission to MBA and MBA-IB are done through IIM-CAT score and also through separate BHU-MBA entrance tests. Admissions for Ph.D are done on the basis of either qualification of National Eligibility Test (NET) by the candidates or through the scores of CRET (Common Research Entrance Test). Admissions in IMS are done through PMT exam.

BHU attracts a number of foreign learners. Foreign students are admitted through the application submitted to the Indian mission in his/her country or by his/her country's mission in India.

Halls of Residence

BHU offers one of the best residential experience for students staying within the campus. Many of these hostels lie on one of the outer arc roads, facing large playgrounds. Most of these hostels have adequate mess facilities, common rooms, canteen, and residential quarters for wardens. Hostels like Birla, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Broacha and Vishvesvaraya have more than 300 rooms each.

In all, there are 41 hostels for male students with total intake capacity of around 7,500. For female students, there are 21 hostels with total intake capacity of around 2,500. There are four separate hostels for international students with total intake capacity of 189. These four include an International House Annexe for female students with an intake capacity of 24.

Bharat Kala Bhawan

BHU has a museum of international importance – Bharat Kala Bhawan, which is a treasure trove of rare art and artifacts. The Bharat Kala Bhavan has 13 galleries havnig a collection of more than 1 lakh antique and rare sculptures, miniature paintings, Rajasthani, Mughal and Pahari paintings, coins, jewellery, precious stones, etc. of immense historic value and a very special literary gallery containing manuscripts of famous authors. It also has a rich library containing rare books.

Festivals

BHU observes Saraswati puja day (also known as Vasant Panchami) as its foundation day. Goddess Saraswati is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, arts, wisdom and nature. She is a part of the trinity of Saraswati, Lakshmi and Parvati.

Rankings

University rankings
General – international
QS (World)[52] 701+
QS (Asian)[53] 151-160
Business – international
QS (MBA-Asian)[54] 93
General – India
India Today[55] 2
Engineering – India
India Today[56] 4
Outlook India[57] 6
Dataquest[58] 4
Government colleges:
Mint[59] 8
Law – India
India Today[60] 8
Outlook India[61] 12
Business – India

BHU is ranked third in the latest [[The Week 2016<ref>http://www.theweek.in/theweek/business/indias-best-multi-disciplinary-and-technical-universities.html</ref>]]-Hansa Rsearch Top Universities in India. BHU is ranked second in India Today's India's Top 30 Universities of 2015.BHU has been consistently ranked in the top 5 in this survey.In the survey conducted by the prestigious India Today group in 2010, BHU was ranked as number 1 among all Indian universities.[62] The engineering institute IIT-BHU was ranked No. 7 on the Outlook India Top Engineering Colleges of India, No. 4 on Dataquest's India's Top Engineering Colleges 2011 (DQ-CMR Top T-Schools Survey 2015)[63]

Banaras Hindu University was ranked 13 in India overall and 6th amongst multidisciplinary universities by the CWTS Leiden ranking.[64] The Banaras Hindu University (BHU) ranks first in India in the field of academic and research output as per Scopus and Web of Science Database[65] BHU was also ranked first in India by a Paris-based organisation[66]

In 2014, the University was ranked at 142 among the top 300 universities in Asia, in the list of ‘Asian Universities Rankings 2014’ by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Rankings.[67]

Awards and Medals

Following awards and medals are given to meritorious students in BHU-

Notable alumni, faculty and staff

Alumni and faculty of BHU have gained prominence in India and across the world. Among BHU's administrators was Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who went on to become the President of India. Other famous administrators have included, Sir Sunder Lal, K. L. Shrimali, Moti Lal Dhar and many others.

The university's alumni include Raj Narain, Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay, C.N.R Rao, Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Bhupen Hazarika, Veena Pandey, Kamalesh Chandra Chakrabarty, Ashok Agarwal, T. V. Ramakrishnan, Harkishan Singh, Narla Tata Rao, Patcha Ramachandra Rao, Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Kota Harinarayana, Kothapalli Jayashankar, Krishan Kant, Manick Sorcar, Satish K. Tripathi and Basant Prasad Singh. Amongst its famous international students are Robert M. Pirsig and Koenraad Elst.

C. V. Raman, the Nobel Prize winner in Physics in 1930, attended the foundation ceremony of BHU in 1916,[68] delivered lectures on "Mathematics" and "Some new paths in physics" during the lecture series organised at the university from 5 to 8 February 1916,[69] and held the position of permanent visiting professor at the university.[70]

BHU's eminent faculty have included Ganesh Prasad, Birbal Sahni, Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Prafulla Kumar Jena[71] and Pandit Omkarnath Thakur, Dr. N. Rajam

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "History of BHU". Banaras Hindu University website.
  2. ↑ "Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi". Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Eng_Annual_Report on Number of Students" (PDF). Banaras Hindu University website. 2014.
  4. ↑ "Banaras Hindu University" (PDF). Indian Academy of Sciences. 26 July 2005. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  5. ↑ "University at Buffalo, BHU sign exchange programme". Rediff News. 4 October 2007.
  6. 1 2 "About the Campus". Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  7. ↑ "Rajiv Gandhi South Campus". Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  8. ↑ "Banaras Hindu University keen to setup its Center in Bihar". IANS. Biharprabha News. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  9. ↑ "Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi". www.bhu.ac.in. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
  10. ↑ "Banaras Hindu University: All rounder : 2011 - India Today". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
  11. ↑ Raj Chengappa (22 May 2008). "India's best colleges". Indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
  12. ↑ "10 things to know about Madan Mohan Malviya". ABP Live. Retrieved 2015-11-10.
  13. ↑ "Founder of Banaras Hindu University: Mahamana Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya" (PDF). Banarash Hindu University. 2006. p. 18. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  14. 1 2 "Founder of Banaras Hindu University: Mahamana Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya" (PDF). Banarash Hindu University. 2006. p. 19. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  15. 1 2 Singh, Rana P.B.; Pravin S. Rana (2002). Banaras Region: A Spiritual and Cultural Guide. Varanasi: Indica Books. p. 141. ISBN 81-86569-24-3.
  16. ↑ "Founder of Banaras Hindu University: Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya" (PDF). Banarash Hindu University. 2006. p. 12. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  17. 1 2 "Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya: The Man, The Spirit, The Vision". Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  18. ↑ "Founder of Banaras Hindu University: Mahamana Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya" (PDF). Banarash Hindu University. 2006. p. 11. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  19. ↑ "Founder of Banaras Hindu University: Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya" (PDF). Banarash Hindu University. 2006. p. 30. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  20. ↑ "The Banaras Hindu University Act, 1915". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  21. 1 2 "Madan Mohan Malaviya and Banaras Hindu University" (PDF). Current Science. Indian Academy of Sciences. 101 (8). 25 October 2011. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  22. ↑ "Heritage Complex". Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  23. ↑ "Student Amenities". Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  24. ↑ "Landmarks and Heritage of BHU". Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  25. ↑ "History". Bharat Kala Bhavan. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  26. ↑ "Collection". Bharat Kala Bhavan. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  27. ↑ "History". RGSC, Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  28. ↑ "Research Projects". Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  29. ↑ "Infrastructure". Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  30. ↑ "Introduction". IIT Kanpur. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  31. ↑ Ministry of Law and Justice (Legislative Department) (21 June 2012). "IT-Amendment-Act-2012" (PDF). The Gazette of India. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
  32. ↑ "Institutions of National Importance". Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  33. ↑ "Introduction". Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  34. ↑ "Welcome". Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  35. ↑ "Faculty & Institute, BHU". Bhu.ac.in. 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
  36. ↑ "Home Page of Faculty of Science, BHU".
  37. ↑ "About the department - School of Biotechnology, BHU". Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  38. ↑ "Human Resource Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India".
  39. ↑ "Lab web page of Prof. A. M. Kayastha, School of Biotechnology".
  40. ↑ "Central grant to BHU for school of life sciences". The Times of India. 7 October 2009. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  41. ↑ "About us". DST Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  42. ↑ "Overview". Centre of Food Science & Technology, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  43. ↑ "Financial Support: Special Assistance Programme (SAP)". University Grants Commission. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  44. ↑ "About CGD". Centre for Genetic Disorders, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  45. ↑ "Welcome". Centre for Environmental Science & Technology, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  46. 1 2 "Genesis and history". Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library, BHU. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  47. ↑ "Manuscript Conservation Centres". National Mission for Manuscripts. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  48. ↑ "History". National Mission for Manuscripts. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
  49. ↑ "Library Services". Banaras Hindu University. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  50. ↑ "Developing Library Network". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  51. ↑ "Information and Library Network Centre". University Grants Commission. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
  52. ↑ "QS World University Rankings". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  53. ↑ "QS Asian University Rankings". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  54. ↑ "QS World University Rankings". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
  55. ↑ "Masters of excellence". India Today. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  56. ↑ "Best Engineering colleges 2014". India Today. 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  57. ↑ "Top Engineering Colleges". Outlook India. 16 June 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  58. ↑ "India's Top Engineering Colleges 2012 (DQ-CMR T-Schools Survey 2012)". archive.dqindia.com/. Dataquest. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  59. ↑ "Top 50 Government Engineering Colleges of 2009" (PDF). Mint. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  60. ↑ "India's Best Law Colleges 2014". indiatoday.intoday.in. India Today. 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Top 10: Other Professional Colleges". Outlook India. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  62. ↑ The Chronicle: Banaras Hindu University ranked as number 1 in 2010 India Today survey of Indian Universities. ITBHUGlobal.org (2010-06-03). Retrieved on 2013-08-17.
  63. ↑
  64. ↑ Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS). "CWTS Leiden Ranking 2015". CWTS Leiden Ranking 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  65. ↑ BHU first in country: Scopus - Times Of India. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2013-03-02). Retrieved on 2013-08-17.
  66. ↑ BHU becomes best university 10494223. Jagran.com (2013-06-20). Retrieved on 2013-08-17.
  67. ↑ . Careers360.com
  68. ↑ Singh, Binay (8 November 2013). "BHU preserves CV Raman's association with university". The Times of India. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  69. ↑ Dwivedi, B. N. "Madan Mohan Malaviya and Banaras Hindu University" (PDF). currentscience.ac.in. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  70. ↑ Prakash, Satya (20 May 2014). Vision for Science Education. Allied Publishers. p. 45. ISBN 818424908X.
  71. ↑ "Institute of Advanced Technology and Environmental Studies profile" (PDF). Institute of Advanced Technology and Environmental Studies. 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.

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