Bernoulli family

The Bernoullis (/bərˈnuːli/; Swiss [bɛʁˈnʊli];^[1]) were a patrician family of merchants and scholars, originally from Antwerp, who resettled in Basel, Switzerland. The name is sometimes misspelled Bernou-ill-i and mispronounced accordingly.^[2] Over the course of three generations, the Bernoullis produced eight mathematically gifted academics who, between them, contributed to the foundations of applied mathematics and physics.^[3]

Leon Bernoulli was a doctor in Antwerp, which, at that time, was in the Spanish Netherlands. He died in 1561, and in 1570 his son, Jacob, emigrated to Frankfurt am Main to escape from the Spanish persecution of the Huguenots. Jacob’s grandson, a spice trader, also named Jacob, moved to Basel, Switzerland in 1620, and was granted Swiss citizenship.^[4] His son, Niklaus (1623-1708), Leon’s great-great-grandson, married Margarethe Schönauer.

Niklaus had three sons, who became the foundation of the dynasty of mathematicians:

Jacob Bernoulli (1654–1705; also known as James or Jacques) mathematician after whom Bernoulli numbers are named, and author of the early probability text Ars Conjectandi
Nicolaus Bernoulli (1662–1716) painter and alderman of Basel
Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748; also known as Jean) mathematician and early adopter of infinitesimal calculus

In addition to those mentioned above, the Bernoulli family produced many notable artists and scientists, in particular, a number of famous mathematicians in the 18th century:

Nicolaus I Bernoulli (1687–1759) mathematician;
Nicolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726) mathematician; worked on curves, differential equations, and probability, and originator of the St. Petersburg paradox
Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) developer of Bernoulli's principle and originator of the concept of expected utility for resolving the St. Petersburg paradox
Johann II Bernoulli (1710–1790; also known as Jean) mathematician and physicist
Johann III Bernoulli (1744–1807; also known as Jean) astronomer, geographer, and mathematician
Jacob II Bernoulli (1759–1789; also known as Jacques) physicist and mathematician
Hans Bernoulli, (1876–1959) architect, designer of the Bernoullihäuser in Zurich and Grenchen SO

Devices and ideas named for members of the family

Main article: List of things named after members of the Bernoulli family

References

↑ Mangold, Max (1990) Duden — Das Aussprachewörterbuch. 3. Auflage. Mannheim/Wien/Zürich, Dudenverlag.
↑ Talk page, section Pronunciation
↑ David Darling Encyclopedia of Science Bernoulli family
↑ Historic Lexicon of the Swiss, Bernoulli

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bernoulli.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bernoulli.

Family tree at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
Bernoulli family in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.

Bernoulli family tree

Nicolus Bernoulli
(1623–1708)

Jacob Bernoulli
(1654–1705)

Nicolaus Bernoulli
(1662–1716)

Johann Bernoulli
(1667–1748)

Nicolaus I Bernoulli
(1687–1759)

Nicolaus II Bernoulli
(1695–1726)

Daniel Bernoulli
(1700–1782)

Johann II Bernoulli
(1710–1790)

Johann III Bernoulli
(1744–1807)

Daniel II Bernoulli
(1751–1834)

Nicolaus IV Bernoulli
(1754–1841)

Jakob II Bernoulli
(1759–1789)

Nicolaus
(1793–1876)

Fritz
(1824–1913)

Theodor
(1837–1909)

Hermann Hesse
(1877–1962)

Maria Bernoulli
(1868–1963)

Elisabeth Bernoulli
(1873–1935)

Hans Benno Bernoulli
(1876–1959)

Notes

Family tree of the Bernoulli family

Patrician families of Basel

Bernoulli Burckhardt Faesch Iselin Merian Meyer zum Pfeil Sarasin Seiler Socin Vischer

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