Bilingualism in India

The Republic of India has two official languages: Hindi and English. The Constitution does not give any language the status of national language.[1][2] The Constitution of India designates the official language of the Government of India as Standard Hindi written in the Devanagari script, as well as English.[3] The following data is collected by Quartz India from the 2011 Census of India.[4]

Languages by share of non-native speakers

An overwhelming majority (99.8%) of English speakers are non-native. Nearly a quarter (23.5%) of Hindi speakers speak a different native language.

Share of non-native speakers[4]
English
 
99.8%
Hindi
 
23.5%
Marathi
 
14.5%
Telugu
 
12.9%
Tamil
 
8.9%
Bengali
 
8.5%

Languages by prevalence of bilingualism with any other language

Only 12% of Hindi speakers are bilingual.

Prevalence of bilingualism[4]
Punjabi
 
52.0%
Urdu
 
51.0%
Marathi
 
41.4%
Gujarati
 
36.3%
Malayalam
 
28.7%
Kannada
 
28.4%
Odia
 
25.6%
Telugu
 
25.0%
Tamil
 
21.5%
Bengali
 
20.4%
Hindi
 
12.0%

Languages by prevalence of Hindi as a second language (bilingualism)

Prevalence of bilingualism with Hindi[4]
Punjabi
 
49.9%
Marathi
 
38.4%
Gujarati
 
34.6%
Odia
 
16.8%
Malayalam
 
15.3%
Kannada
 
12.6%
Telugu
 
11.2%
Bengali
 
10.1%
Tamil
 
2.1%

Languages by prevalence of Hindi as a second or third language

Prevalence of Hindi as a second or third language[4]
Punjabi
 
96%
Gujarati
 
95.5%
Marathi
 
92.9%
Odia
 
65.5%
Urdu
 
62.3%
Malayalam
 
53.2%
Bengali
 
49.3%
Telugu
 
44.8%
Kannada
 
44.2%
Tamil
 
9.5%


See also

References

  1. Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010). "There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  2. Press Trust of India (25 January 2010). "Hindi, not a national language: Court". The Hindu. Ahmedabad. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  3. "Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India". Department of Official Language, Government of India. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "These four charts break down India's complex relationship with Hindi". Quartz.
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