Boutros Ghali
| Boutros Ghali | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister of Egypt | |
|
In office 1908–1910 | |
| Preceded by | Mustafa Fahmi Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Muhammad Said Pasha |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
1846 Kiman-al-‘Arus, Beni Suef, Egypt |
| Died |
21 February 1910 (aged 64-65) Cairo |
| Religion | Coptic Christianity |
Boutros Ghali (1846 – 21 February 1910; Arabic: بطرس غالى; styled Boutros Ghali Pasha or Boutros Pasha Ghali) was the prime minister of Egypt from 1908 to 1910.
Early life
Boutros Ghali was born to a Coptic Christian family in Kiman-al-‘Arus, a village of Beni Suef, Egypt, in 1846.[1] His father was Ghali Nayruz, the steward of Prince Mustafa Fadil.[1] Boutros Ghali studied Arabic, Turkish, Persian, English and French.[1]
Career
After graduation, Ghali became a teacher at the patriarchal school.[1] Ghali's public career began in 1875 with this appointment to the post of clerk in the newly constituted Mixed Court by Sharif Pasha.[2] Next he became the representative of the Egyptian government on the Commission of the Public Debt.[2] Ghali began to work in the justice ministry in 1879 and was appointed secretary general of the ministry with the title of Bey. His following post was as first secretary of the council of ministers to which he was appointed in September 1881.[2] However, in October 1881 he again began to work in the justice ministry. Upon the request of Mahmoud Sami al-Barudi, Ghali was awarded the rank of Pasha, being the first Coptic recipient of such an honour in Egypt.[2] In 1886, he was appointed head of a commission for the selection of Sharia court judges, which was an unusual appointment due to his religious background, leading to protests by Muslims.[2]
Ghali's first ministerial portfolio was the minister of finance in 1893.[3] Then he was made foreign minister in 1894.[3] He was appointed prime minister on 8 November 1908, replacing Mustafa Fahmi Pasha.[4] He also retained the post of foreign minister during his premiership.[3] Ghali remained in office until 21 February 1910 and was replaced by Muhammad Said Pasha.[4]
Death
Ghali was accused of favouring the British in the Denshawai incident. On 20 February 1910, Ghali was shot by Ibrahim Nassif al-Wardani, a twenty-three-year-old pharmacology graduate,[5] who had just returned from Britain.[6] Ghali was leaving the ministry of foreign affairs when Wardani fired five shots, three of which lodged the premier's body.[7] Ghali died a day later, on 21 February.[7]
The assassin, who confessed to the killing of Ghali, was educated in Lausanne, Paris and London and was a member of Mustafa Kamil Pasha's Watani Party.[5] His father was a governor and his uncle was a pasha.[5] Wardani was executed on 28 June 1910.[7]
The assassination of Ghali was the first of a series of assassinations that continued until 1915.[5] It was also the first public assassination of a senior statesman in Egypt in more than a century.[5]
Family
Ghali had "many sons",[8] the most notable being:
- Yusuf Butros Ghali
- Father of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was named after his grandfather and served as deputy prime minister of Egypt and as United Nations Secretary-General.[9][10]
- grandfather of internet entrepreneur Teymour Boutros-Ghali[11]
- grandfather of Youssef Boutros Ghali, Minister of Finance from 2004 to 2011[12]
- Wasif Butrus Ghali (1878–1958), legislator and diplomat.[8]
- Najib Boutros Ghali, agriculture minister in 1921.[8]
- Mirrit Boutros-Ghali, writer, businessman, and lawyer[13]
Boutros Ghali's brother Amin Ghali (1865–1933) was a public prosecutor; Amin's son Ibrahim Amin Ghali was a diplomat who worked to rehabilitate his uncle's reputation.[8]
See also
References
Sources
- Goldschmidt, Arthur (1993). "The Butrus Ghali Family". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 30: 183–188. doi:10.2307/40000236. ISSN 0065-9991. JSTOR 40000236. (subscription required (help)).
Citations
- 1 2 3 4 "B. Ghali". The Coptic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Seikaly, Samir (January 1977). "Prime Minister and Assassin: Buṭrus Ghālī and Wardānī". Middle Eastern Studies. 13 (1): 112–123. doi:10.1080/00263207708700338. JSTOR 4282624.
- 1 2 3 Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. (1999). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt. Boulder, CO: L. Reinner. p. 61. Retrieved 4 September 2013. – via Questia (subscription required)
- 1 2 "Egypt Prime Ministers". World Statesmen. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Reid, Donald M. (1982). "Political Assassination in Egypt, 1910-1954". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 15 (4): 625–651. doi:10.2307/217848. JSTOR 217848.
- ↑ The Modern Middle East and North Africa by Aroian and Mitchell
- 1 2 3 "Egyptian assassin hanged". The Day. Cairo. 28 June 1910. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Goldschmidt 1993, p.187
- ↑ Schmeman, Serge (20 July 2000). "A Separate Peace". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ↑ Goldschmidt 1993, pp.183,188
- ↑ "Correction". The New York Times. 19 September 1999. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
- ↑ Quinn, Ben (9 January 2012). "Anger over appearance of ex-Egyptian finance minister at LSE lecture". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
- ↑ Goldschmidt 1993, p.188
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Mustafa Fahmi Pasha |
Prime Minister of Egypt 1908–1910 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Said Pasha |
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