Cambodian–Spanish War

Cambodian–Spanish War
Date1593-1597
LocationCambodia, Phnom Penh
Result Cambodian victory
Belligerents
Cambodia Spanish Empire
Commanders and leaders
Luis Pérez Dasmariñas
Gregorio Vargas Machuca
Blas Ruiz de Hernan Gonzales
Belhoso
Strength
Cambodian, Malay, and Cham forces Spanish, Portuguese, and native Filipinos

The Cambodian–Spanish War[1] from 1593-1597 was an attempt by the Spanish to conquer Cambodia and install their own puppet king.

War

In 1556 Gaspar Da Cruz came to Phnom Penh.[2]

Cambodia was attacked by the Thai leader Pra Naret in 1583 at the same time the Thai and Burmese were warring against each other.[3] Cambodia was entered via Manila under Gregorio Vargas Machuca and Blas Ruiz de Hernan Gonzales in 1593 leading a Spanish expedition.[4] Japanese, indigenous Filipinos and 120 Spanish participated in the invasion of Cambodia.[5] The Christianization and conquest of Cambodia was attempted by the invading Spanish.[6] Barom Reachea II was the puppet ruler installed by Blas Ruiz and Veloso in May 1597 in Srei Santhor, previously known as Chau Pnhea Ton.[7] The Blas Ruiz and Veloso commanded Spanish expedition triggered Siam during a plot for Soryopor, brother of Satha, to replaced Barom Reachea II.[8] The Thai conquered Lovek in July 1594. Cambodia was attacked by Thai ruler Naresuen in February 1593 so he could fight the Burmese.[9] The Phnom Penh Christians were led by Sylvestre d'Azevedo, a Dominican.[10]

Cambodia came under the dominance of the Thai after the July 1599 events in Phnom Penh where the Spanish were slaughtered by Muslim Malays and Cambodians.[11] There were some Filipinos and one Spanish who survived the slaughter by the Malays in Phnom Penh.[12] The planned Christianization of Cambodia failed due to the defeat inflicted by the Cambodians and Malays on Veloso and Ruiz.[13] Dominican friars came along with the invasion to Cambodia. The massacre of the Portuguese and Spanish forces was done by a combination of Cambodians, Malays, and Chams.[14] The expeditionary commander Diogo Veloso was Portuguese. Both Spanish and Portuguese took part in the invasion of Cambodia because King Philip II ruled both Spain and Portugal.[15] Thai interference and the Spanish expedition was a result of a power struggle between rival factions in the government of Cambodia.[16]

Territories in Asia were sought out for conquest by Portuguese.[17] Cambodia almost fell to the Spanish and Portuguese in 1599.[18][19]

The attack was taken by private individuals. Cambodia and China were both viewed as potential targets by some Spanish.[20] Diogo Veloso was among the members of the Spanish expedition who were killed by the Malays and Chams.[21]

The failed and disastrous Spanish invasion of Cambodia was supported by Luis Pérez Dasmariñas. China, Siam, Champa, and Cambodia were all suggested as invasion targets by Aduarte and Dasmariñas.[22]

Their foe, the Malay Muslim Laksama opposed the Spanish expeditionary leaders Blas Ruiz and Belhoso.[23]

The backing of Dasmarinas in 1599 compensated for the lack of support from the central leadership back in Spain. The expedition was supported by the Dominican order. The Laksama Malay's party was made out of Muslims and was powerful.[24]

There was a departure of missionaries due to dissent by Buddhists after the first ones arrived in earlier of the 16th century. The invasion of the Spanish was halted by the Spanish being killed by the Malays in 1599. There were also slayings of the Dutch in the 1640s who came after the Spanish.[25]

The Malays were helped by the Khmer once the Malays and Spanish started fighting when Barom Reachea was talking with the Spanish in 1599.[26][27]

Lovek was taken by Siam after the slaughter in Phnom Penh of the Spanish in 1599 when their puppet ruler was slain. There was a slaughter in Phnom Penh of the Dutch in 1643 by the Malay and Javanese supported Muslim convert Rama Thupdey.[28]

The Cham leader Po Rat participated in the events of 1599 along with the Malay Laksamana, both groups were Muslims and were called "Cām Jvā" in Khmer.[29]

Cambodia was invaded by 100,000 Thai (Siamese) in May 1593.[30]

In 1598 the invasion was launched by the Spanish governor of the Philippines after consulting for advice from a junta. The remaining Spaniards claimed they were subjected to unheard of cruelties after the invasion ended in catastrophe for the Spanish.[31]

The pro-Spanish King was also known as Paramaraja II.[32]

Some Japanese, 2 Spanish and some Portuguese amounting from 4-5 survived after the slaughter of nearly all the Spanish along with Gouvea after they participated in he Cambodia campaign.[33]

In Canton the Chinese took Aduarte prisoner in 1599 when he ended up in Guangdong in the defeated forces of Dasmarinas. The Cambodia campaign included Gabriel de San Antonio and Diego Aduarte.[34]

There was a water scarcity likely in both Cambodia and Siam in the agricultural rice sector.[35]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tony Jaques (1 January 2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. xxxvi–. ISBN 978-0-313-33537-2.
  2. ↑ Justin Corfield (13 October 2009). The History of Cambodia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-0-313-35723-7.
  3. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  4. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  5. ↑ http://www.samuelhawley.com/imjinarticle3.html
  6. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  7. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  8. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  9. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  10. ↑ Daniel George Edward Hall (1981). History of South-East Asia. Macmillan Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-333-24163-9.
  11. ↑ Donald F. Lach; Edwin J. Van Kley (1998). A Century of Advance. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1147–. ISBN 978-0-226-46768-9.
  12. ↑ Arthur Cotterell (15 July 2014). A History of South East Asia. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-981-4634-70-0.
  13. ↑ Milton Osborne (4 September 2008). Phnom Penh: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–. ISBN 978-0-19-971173-4.
  14. ↑ Ben Kiernan (1 October 2008). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-0-300-13793-4.
  15. ↑ Arthur Cotterell (4 August 2011). Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Swift Fall, 1415 - 1999. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-1-118-16999-5.
  16. ↑ Peter Church (3 February 2012). A Short History of South-East Asia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 24–. ISBN 978-1-118-35044-7.
  17. ↑ Thant Myint-U (3 February 2011). The River of Lost Footsteps. Faber & Faber. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-571-26606-7.
  18. ↑ Thant Myint-U. (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-0-374-16342-6.
  19. ↑ Thant Myint-U (15 May 2007). The River of Lost Footsteps: Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-0-374-70790-3.
  20. ↑ Donald F. Lach; Edwin J. Van Kley (15 June 1993). Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 1: Trade, Missions, Literature. University of Chicago Press. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-0-226-46753-5.
  21. ↑ Ainslie Thomas Embree; Robin Jeanne Lewis (1988). Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner. p. 185.
  22. ↑ Paul H. Kratoska (2001). South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800. Taylor & Francis. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-0-415-21540-4.
  23. ↑ Gregorio F. Zaide (1957). The Philippines since pre-Spanish times.-v. 2. The Philippines since the British invasion. Philippine Education Company. p. 237.
  24. ↑ Donald Frederick Lach (1965). Asia in the Making of Europe: The century of discovery. 2 v. University of Chicago Press. p. 312.
  25. ↑ Donald P. Whitaker (1973). Area Handbook for the Khmer Republic (Cambodia). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 29.
  26. ↑ Frederick P. Munson (1968). Area Handbook for Cambodia. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 23.
  27. ↑ Gene Gurney (30 July 1986). Kingdoms of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa: an illustrated encyclopedia of ruling monarchs from ancient times to the present. Crown. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-517-55256-8.
  28. ↑ Jan M. Pluvier (1995). Historical Atlas of South-East Asia. E.J. Brill. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-04-10238-5.
  29. ↑ Journal of Southeast Asian studies. 2006. p. 10.
  30. ↑ George Childs Kohn (31 October 2013). Dictionary of Wars. Routledge. pp. 445–. ISBN 978-1-135-95494-9.
  31. ↑ Iberian Asia: The Strategies of Spanish and Portuguese Empire Building, 1540--1700. ProQuest. 2008. pp. 186–. ISBN 978-1-109-09710-8.
  32. ↑ Trudy Jacobsen (2008). Lost Goddesses: The Denial of Female Power in Cambodian History. NIAS Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-87-7694-001-0.
  33. ↑ Mr J F Moran (12 October 2012). The Japanese and the Jesuits: Alessandro Valignano in Sixteenth Century Japan. Routledge. pp. 84–. ISBN 978-1-134-88113-0.
  34. ↑ Charles Ralph Boxer (1951). The Christian Century in Japan: 1549-1650. University of California Press. pp. 482–. GGKEY:BPN6N93KBJ7.
  35. ↑ Andre Gunder Frank (1 July 1998). ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age. University of California Press. pp. 233–. ISBN 978-0-520-21129-2.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/17/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.