Chick-fil-A same-sex marriage controversy

"Chick-Fil-A Appreciation Day" held August 1, 2012 in Port Charlotte, Florida.

The Chick-fil-A same-sex marriage controversy was a controversial topic focused around the American fast food restaurant Chick-fil-A following a series of public comments made in June 2012 by chief operating officer Dan T. Cathy opposing same-sex marriage.

This followed reports that Chick-fil-A's charitable endeavor, the S. Truett Cathy-operated WinShape Foundation, had donated millions of dollars to political organizations seen by LGBT activists as hostile to LGBT rights. Activists called for protests and boycotting, while other activists ate there in support for the rally. National political figures both for and against the actions spoke out and some business partners severed ties with the chain.

Chick-fil-A released a statement in July 2012 stating, "Going forward, our intent is to leave the policy debate over same-sex marriage to the government and political arena."[1] In March 2014, tax filings for 2012 showed the group stopped funding all but one organization which had been previously criticized.[2]

History

Group contributions who oppose LGBT causes

In January 2011, the media reported that the American fast food restaurant chain Chick-fil-A was co-sponsoring a marriage conference along with the Pennsylvania Family Institute (PFI), an organization that had filed an amicus brief against striking down Proposition 8 in California (see Perry v. Brown).[3][4][5][6][7] The PFI lobbied against a state effort to ban discrimination in Pennsylvania on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.[8] Responding on its official company Facebook page, Chick-fil-A said that support of the PFI retreat had come from a local franchisee, stating "We have determined that one of our independent restaurant operators in Pennsylvania was asked to provide sandwiches to two Art of Marriage video seminars."[9]

The WinShape Foundation, a charitable endeavor of Chick-fil-A founder S. Truett Cathy and his family, stated it would not allow same-sex couples to participate in its marriage retreats.[10] Chick-fil-A gave over $8 million to the WinShape Foundation in 2010.[11] Equality Matters, an LGBT watchdog group, published reports of donations by WinShape to organizations that the watchdog group considers anti-gay, including $2 million in 2009, $1.9 million in 2010 and a total of $5 million since 2003, including grants to the Family Research Council and Georgia Family Council. WinShape contributed to the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, and Exodus International, an organization noted for supporting ex-gay conversion therapy.[12]

Protestors at a Memphis, Tennessee Chick-fil-A store on Same Sex Kiss Day

The Marriage and Family Foundation received $994,199 in 2009[13] and $1,188,380 in 2010. The Family Research Council, an organization listed as an anti-gay hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center in Winter 2010,[14][15][16][17][18] received $1000.[19][20][21]

Tax filings for 2012 showed that Chick-fil-A created a new foundation, the Chick-fil-A Foundation, to grant to outside groups. It funded only one previously funded group, the Fellowship of Christian Athletes. Other filings for WinShape Foundation showed no funding for groups opposed to LGBT causes.[2]

Statements by Dan Cathy

On June 16, 2012, while on the syndicated radio talk show, The Ken Coleman Show, Chick-fil-A president and chief operating officer (COO) Dan Cathy stated:

I think we are inviting God's judgment on our nation when we shake our fist at Him and say, "We know better than you as to what constitutes a marriage". I pray God's mercy on our generation that has such a prideful, arrogant attitude to think that we have the audacity to define what marriage is about.[22][23][24]

The following month, on July 2, Biblical Recorder published an interview with Dan Cathy, who was asked about opposition to his company's "support of the traditional family." He replied: "Well, guilty as charged."[25][26] Cathy continued:

"We are very much supportive of the family — the biblical definition of the family unit. We are a family-owned business, a family-led business, and we are married to our first wives. We give God thanks for that. ... We want to do anything we possibly can to strengthen families. We are very much committed to that," Cathy emphasized. "We intend to stay the course," he said. "We know that it might not be popular with everyone, but thank the Lord, we live in a country where we can share our values and operate on biblical principles."[25]

The day after the Supreme Court of the United States struck down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act, Cathy tweeted, "Sad day for our nation; founding fathers would be ashamed of our gen. to abandon wisdom of the ages re: cornerstone of strong societies." The tweet was subsequently deleted, but was archived by Topsy.[27][28]

In March 2014, Cathy said he regretted drawing his company into the controversy.[29] He told the Atlanta Journal-Constitution he has been working with Shane Windmeyer of Campus Pride since 2012. The article noted that WinShape and the Chick-fil-A Foundation had "dramatically" cut donations to groups same-sex marriage supporters consider anti-gay.[30]

Policy changes

In September 2012, The Civil Rights Agenda (TCRA) announced that Chick-fil-A has "ceased donating to organizations that promote discrimination, specifically against LGBT civil rights". According to the TCRA, Chick-fil-A officials stated in an internal document that they "will treat every person equally, regardless of sexual orientation."[31]

In a letter from Chick-fil-A's Senior Director of Real Estate, the company stated: "The WinShape Foundations is now taking a much closer look at the organizations it considers helping, and in that process will remain true to its stated philosophy of not supporting organizations with political agendas."[32]

According to Chicago Alderman Proco "Joe" Moreno, Chick-fil-A has a statement of respect for all sexual orientations in an internal document called Chick-fil-A: Who We Are and has promised that its not-for-profit arm, WinShape, would not contribute money to groups that oppose gay marriage.[33]

According to Focus on the Family website, CitizenLink.com: "Contrary to reports first made by the gay-activist group The Civil Rights Agenda (TCRA) on Tuesday and later picked up by mainstream media outlets, Chick-fil-A and its charitable-giving arm, the WinShape Foundation, did not agree to stop making donations to groups that support the biblical definition of marriage in exchange for being allowed to open a franchise in Chicago."[34]

Former Arkansas Governor and FOX News commentator Mike Huckabee claimed on September 21, 2012 that he had "talked earlier today personally with Dan Cathy, CEO of Chick Fil-A about the new reports that Chick Fil-A had capitulated to demands of the supporters of same sex marriage. This is not true. The company continues to focus on the fair treatment of all of its customers and employees, but to end confusion gave me this statement." The statement provided by Chick-fil-A was posted on Huckabee's website but the company did not respond to requests for comment.[35][36] In March 2014, new tax filings from 2012 showed that Chick-fil-A had stopped funding all but one organization which had been previously criticized by LGBT activists and supporters. The company created a new foundation, the Chick-fil-A Foundation, to fund outside groups. WinShape Foundation's 2012 tax filings showed funding only for its own programs, a Berry College scholarship fund, and Lars WinShape, a home for needy children in Brazil.[2]

Controversy

Local government

After the publication of Cathy's interviews, Democrat Thomas Menino, the Mayor of Boston, stated that he would not allow the company to open franchises in the city "unless they open up their policies.”[37] Menino subsequently wrote a letter to Dan Cathy, citing Cathy's earlier statement on The Ken Coleman Show and responded: "We are indeed full of pride for our support of same sex marriage and our work to expand freedom for all people."[38]

In Chicago, alderman Democrat Proco "Joe" Moreno announced his determination to block Chick-fil-A's bid to build a second store in the city: "They'd have to do a complete 180", Moreno said in outlining conditions under which he would retract the block. "They'd have to work with LGBT groups in terms of hiring, and there would have to be a public apology from [Cathy]."[39] Moreno received backing from Chicago's Mayor, Rahm Emanuel: "Chick-fil-A values are not Chicago values", Emanuel said in a statement. "They disrespect our fellow neighbors and residents. This would be a bad investment, since it would be empty."[39]

San Francisco soon followed suit on July 26 when mayor Democrat Edwin M. Lee tweeted, "Very disappointed #ChickFilA doesn't share San Francisco's values & strong commitment to equality for everyone." Lee followed that tweet with "Closest #ChickFilA to San Francisco is 40 miles away & I strongly recommend that they not try to come any closer."[40]

The proposed bans in Boston and Chicago drew criticism from some liberal pundits, legal experts, and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Kevin Drum of Mother Jones magazine said "[T]here's really no excuse for Emanuel's and Menino's actions... you don't hand out business licenses based on whether you agree with the political views of the executives. Not in America, anyway ... what makes this whole situation so weird is that Chick-fil-A President Dan Cathy has always opposed gay marriage. He's a devout Southern Baptist, just like his father, who founded the company. The place is closed on Sundays, for crying out loud. There's just nothing new here."[41] UCLA law professor and blogger Eugene Volokh observed, "[D]enying a private business permits because of such speech by its owner is a blatant First Amendment violation."[42]

Echoing those views were Glenn Greenwald of Salon, professor John Turley of George Washington University, Adam Schwartz, a senior attorney with the ACLU, and Michael C. Dorf, the Robert S. Stevens Professor of Law at Cornell University Law School.[43][44]

Backlash

Students at several colleges and universities launched efforts to ban or remove the company's restaurants from their campuses. On November 3, 2011, New York University's Student Senators Council voted 19 to 4 to retain the Chick-fil-A franchise on campus. This vote came before a petition with over 11,000 signatures opposing its presence on campus was sent to the student council.[45] Christine Quinn, a lesbian politician and then-Speaker of the City Council who was seeking the nomination as Democratic candidate for the mayoralty in the next election, was outspoken in her opposition to keeping the Chick-fil-A franchise or allowing others, and wrote a letter to this effect to NYU President John Sexton on official letterhead, opening with the words, “I write as the Speaker of the NYC Council”, urging NYU to evict a Chick-fil-A due to Cathy's opposition to same-sex marriage.[46][47]

On February 28, 2012, Northeastern University's Student Senate passed a resolution to cancel plans for a Chick-fil-A franchise on its campus, stating "the student body does not support bringing CFA [Chick-fil-A] to campus", and "Student concerns reflected CFA's history of donating to anti-gay organizations." The vote was 31 to 5, with 8 abstaining. The restaurant chain was finalizing a contract to bring it to NU when students protested.[48] Davidson College in North Carolina announced on August 13, 2012 that, in response to a petition which received 500 signatures, the school would stop serving Chick-fil-A on campus at the monthly "After Midnight" events.[49]

Other forms of protest occurred. Gay rights activists organized a "Kiss Off" to occur on August 3,[50] an event where LGBT individuals would show affection in public,[51] but it attracted smaller-than-hoped-for crowds.[52]

On August 15, 2012, a gunman attempted to enter the Washington, D.C. headquarters of the Family Research Council, carrying 15 Chick-fil-A sandwiches, a 9 mm handgun and a box of ammunition. He shot a security guard in the left arm, and following his arrest he told police that he wanted to use the sandwiches to "make a statement against the people who work in that building ... and with their stance against gay rights and Chick-fil-A",[53] and that he planned "to kill as many people as I could ... then smear a Chicken-fil-A [sic] sandwich on their face".[54]

Corporate partners

In response to the July 2 interview, the Jim Henson Company, which had entered its Pajanimals in a kids' meal toy licensing arrangement in 2011, said that it would cease its business relationship with Chick-fil-A, and donate payment for the brand to Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD).[16][55][56] Citing safety concerns, Chick-fil-A stopped distributing the toys.[57] A spokeswoman stated the decision had been made on July 19 and was unrelated to the controversy.[58]

In August 2012, petitions with over 80,000 signatures were delivered to publisher HarperCollins[59] demanding the publisher cut plans to include Berenstain Bears titles as part of a kids' meal promotion. Upon being presented with petitions demanding that Berenstain Bears be pulled from a Chick-fil-A promotion, HarperCollins issued a statement saying "We have a long history of diversity and inclusiveness and work tirelessly to protect the freedom of expression. It is not our practice to cancel a contract with an author, or any other party, for exercising their first amendment rights."[60]

Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day

In response to the controversy, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee initiated a Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day movement to counter a boycott of Chick-fil-A launched by same-sex marriage activists.[61][62][63] More than 600,000 people RSVPed on Facebook for Huckabee's appreciation event.[62]

On August 1, 2012, Chick-fil-A restaurants experienced a large show of public support across the nation with the company reporting record-breaking sales.[61][62][63] A consulting firm projected that the average Chick-fil-A restaurant increased sales by 29.9 percent and had 367 more customers than a typical Wednesday.[64]

Public polling

In August 2012, Rasmussen Reports published the results of a telephone survey indicating that 61 percent of likely voters held a favorable view of Chick-fil-A, while 13 percent indicated they would participate in a boycott.[65]

Others

Other notable public figures came to Chick-fil-A's defense, including former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin,[66] former US Senator Rick Santorum,[67] and Ann Coulter;[68] while New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg,[69] and the American Civil Liberties Union[70] publicly disagreed with Cathy's positions but defended his right to express them under the First Amendment.

Financial effect

Sales increased after the controversy. According to news coverage following the controversy:[71]

Chick-fil-A's sales soared 12 percent, to $4.6 billion, in 2012. The good fortune follows several years of impressive expansion and strong sales, which have pushed the privately held company's valuation north of $4.5 billion, making billionaires out of its founders ... These latest sales data are just further proof that all that negative coverage didn't hurt demand for chicken sandwiches among Chick-fil-A's core consumers.
— Joe Satran, The Huffington Post

References

  1. ↑ Robinson, Steve (July 31, 2012). Chick-fil-A Response to Recent Controversy; retrieved October 12, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 Comer, Matt (March 3, 2014). "New Chick-fil-A filings show decrease in anti-LGBT funding". QNotes.
  3. ↑ Severson, Kim (January 29, 2011). "A Chicken Chain's Corporate Ethos Is Questioned by Gay Rights Advocates". New York Times.
  4. ↑ "Chick-fil-A defends its values". Atlanta Business Chronicle. January 31, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
  5. ↑ Hooper, Jeremy (January 2011). "If you're currently eating a Chick-fil-A...". Good As You: Gay and Lesbian Activism With a Sense of Humor. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  6. ↑ Staff (January 4, 2011). "Metro Weekly". Metro Weekly. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  7. ↑ Ocamb, Karen (September 26, 2010). "Evaluating the amicus brief avalanche of anti-gay opposition to the Prop 8 trial decision". Equality On Trial. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  8. ↑ Scolforo, Mark (December 23, 2010). "Without state law, Pa. towns tackle anti-gay bias". Delaware County Daily Times. Associated Press.
  9. ↑ "Chick-fil-A Facebook Page". Facebook. January 6, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
  10. ↑ McWhirter, Cameron (July 27, 2012). "Chick-fil-A's Long Christian Heritage". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  11. ↑ "Form 990-PF: Return of Private Foundation" (PDF). WinShape Foundation, Inc. Guidestar. 2010.
  12. ↑ O'Connor, Clare (August 3, 2012). "Meet The Cathys: Your Guide To The Billionaires Behind Chick-fil-A". The billionaire beat: wealth, entrepreneurs and money in politics. Forbes. Retrieved August 7, 2012. WinShape is the vehicle through which Chick-fil-A, and by extension the Cathys, have made about $5 million of donations to anti-gay marriage groups since 2003, with $1.9 million of that donated in 2010 to outfits including the Family Research Council and Marriage & Family Foundation. They've written checks to Exodus International, famous for “ex-gay” conversion therapy, and the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, whose website includes a testimonial from a coach “delivered” from homosexuality.
  13. ↑ Michelson, Noah (November 1, 2011). "Chick-Fil-A Fast Food Chain Donated Nearly $2 Million To Anti-Gay Groups In 2009". November 1, 2011. Huffington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  14. ↑ Thompson, Krissah (November 24, 2010). "'Hate group' designation angers same-sex marriage opponents". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  15. ↑ "Chick-fil-A Anti-Gay Controversy: Gay Employees Speak Out". Huffingtonpost.com. August 1, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
  16. 1 2 Ward, Alex (July 23, 2012). "The Muppets cut ties with Chick-Fil-A restaurant after president's anti-gay marriage comments". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved July 24, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Chick-Fil-A Donated Nearly $2 Million To Anti-Gay Groups In 2010". Equality Matters. July 2, 2012.
  18. ↑ Boucly, Chris (July 24, 2012). "Gay youths plan protest against Chick-fil-A". The Orange County Register. Retrieved July 26, 2012. $3.84 million was contributed primarily to Christian organizations such as Marriage and Family Foundation, which received $1.18 million, and Family Research Council, which received $1,000. The Family Research Council (FRC) "believes that homosexual conduct is harmful to the persons who engage in it and to society at large", according to its website. The Marriage and Family Foundation, whose chairman is Chick-fil-A senior vice president Donald M. "Bubba" Cathy, gave grants totaling $639,000 to six organizations that support strong traditional marriages and families.
  19. ↑ Devaney, Tim; Stein, Tom (November 8, 2011). "Chick-fil-A Increases Donations to Anti-Gay Groups". AllBusiness.com.
  20. ↑ Winters, Rosemary (November 10, 2011). "Sugar House protesters say Chick-fil-A is anti-gay". The Salt Lake Tribune.
  21. ↑ Michelson, Noah (November 1, 2011). "Chick-Fil-A Fast Food Chain Donated Nearly $2 Million To Anti-Gay Groups In 2009". The Huffington Post.
  22. ↑ Starnes, Todd (July 25, 2012). "Rahm: "Chick-fil-A Values Are Not Chicago Values"". Fox News Radio. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  23. ↑ Collier, Myles (July 18, 2012). "Chick-fil-A President Says 'God's Judgment' Coming Because of Same-Sex Marriage". The Christian Post. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  24. ↑ "What Dan Cathy said". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. July 26, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  25. 1 2 Blume, K. Allan (July 2, 2012). "'Guilty as charged,' Dan Cathy says of Chick-fil-A's stand on faith". Biblical Recorder. Cary, NC. North Carolina Baptist State Convention. Retrieved July 22, 2012. as an organization we can operate on biblical principles.
  26. ↑ Hsu, Tiffany (July 18, 2012). "Is Chick-fil-A anti-gay marriage? 'Guilty as charged', leader says". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  27. ↑ "Deleted Tweet From Chick-fil-A Head Calls Gay Ruling 'Sad Day'". Wall Street Journal. June 26, 2013.
  28. ↑ "The Blurry Line Between Chick-fil-A and Chatty Cathy". Bloomberg Businessweek. June 28, 2013.
  29. ↑ "Chick-fil-A CEO seeks to get beyond gay marriage debate", abpnews.com; accessed August 11, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Cathy Seeks to Put Gay Marriage Flap Behind Chick-fil-A", myajc.com; accessed September 10, 2014 (subscription required)
  31. ↑ Wong, Curtis (September 19, 2012). "Chick-Fil-A Agrees To Cease Funding To Anti-Gay Organizations, Chicago LGBT Group Claims". Huffington Post. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  32. ↑ Dardick, Hal (September 19, 2012). "Moreno relents, will allow Chick-fil-A". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, IL. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  33. ↑ Voorhees, Josh (September 19, 2012). "Chick-Fil-A Is Done Fighting Gay Marriage. Kind Of, Maybe". The Slatest. Slate. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  34. ↑ Dial, Karla. "Chick-fil-A Sets the Record Straight". Citizen Link. Focus on the Family. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  35. ↑ Mike Huckabee: Chick-fil-A hasn't changed, politico.com; accessed September 14, 2014.
  36. ↑ Weinger, Mackenzie. "Mike Huckabee: Chick-fil-A hasn't changed". Politico. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
  37. ↑ Turner, Greg (July 20, 2012). "Mayor Menino on Chick-fil-A: Stuff it". The Boston Herald. Retrieved July 21, 2012. Chick-fil-A doesn't belong in Boston. You can't have a business in the city of Boston that discriminates against a population. We're an open city, we're a city that's at the forefront of inclusion... That's the Freedom Trail. That's where it all started right here. And we're not going to have a company, Chick-fil-A or whatever the hell the name is, on our Freedom Trail.
  38. ↑ "Mayor's letter to Chick-fil-A". The Boston Herald. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  39. 1 2 Dardick, Hal (July 25, 2012). "Alderman to Chick-fil-A: No deal". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  40. ↑ Lopez, Ricardo (July 26, 2012). "San Francisco is the third city to tell Chick-fil-A: Keep out". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  41. ↑ Drum, Kevin (July 26, 2012). "Rahm Emanuel Needs to Back Off on Chick-fil-A". Mother Jones. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  42. ↑ McClelland, Edward (July 26, 2012). "Conservatives and Liberals Defend Chick-fil-A". Ward Room. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  43. ↑ Miller, Joshua Rhett (July 26, 2012). "Legal eagles cry fowl over politicians' plans to block Chick-fil-A". Fox News. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  44. ↑ Dorf, Michael C. (August 1, 2012). "Why the Chick-fil-A Controversy Raises Tough Questions About Government Power to Regulate Business Based on Owners' Political Spending". Verdict. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  45. ↑ "NYU Decided To Keep "Homophobic" Chick-fil-A Long Before Petition Launched". March 5, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  46. ↑ Christine Quinn letter to NYU, nydailynews.com; accessed July 24, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Christine Quinn wants Chick-Fil-A to quit New York", nydailynews.com; accessed July 24, 2015.
  48. ↑ Rocheleau, Matt (February 28, 2012). "Northeastern cancels Chick-fil-A plans after student group denounces chain". Boston Globe. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  49. ↑ Broverman, Neal (August 13, 2012). "N.C. University Suspends Relationship With Chick-fil-A". Advocate. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  50. ↑ Lauren Williams; Ruben Vives; Rosanna Xia (August 4, 2012). "Chick-fil-A 'Kiss in' protest small compared to appreciation day". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  51. ↑ Matthew T. Hall (August 3, 2012). "Hall: Gay-rights supporters kiss in, kiss off Chick-fil-A". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  52. ↑ Peyser, Andrea (August 4, 2012). "Chicken lips are scarce: Great gay kiss-off lays a gigantic egg". New York Post. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  53. ↑ "Floyd Lee Corkins pleads guilty in Family Research Council shooting". CBS News. February 16, 2013.
  54. ↑ "Man gets 25 years for attack on Family Research Council headquarters". NBC News. September 19, 2013.
  55. ↑ Rose, Annie (July 25, 2012). "Chick-fil-A Backlash: Politicians, Muppets Respond". ABC News Video. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  56. ↑ Lendon, UK, Brad (July 24, 2012). "Henson, Huckabee take sides in Chick-fil-A same-sex marriage controversy". CNN.com. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  57. ↑ "Chick-fil-A Contact Us". Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  58. ↑ Curtis Wong. "Chick-Fil-A Recalling Jim Henson Kids' Meal Toys As Partnership Severed Over Anti-Gay Donations", The Huffington Post, July 24, 2012.
  59. ↑ Fabrikant, Mel (August 8, 2012). "Progressive Groups Petition Harpercollins To Let The Berenstain Bears Break Up With Anti-Gay Chick-Fil-A". The Paramus Post. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  60. ↑ Goddard, Jacqui. "Gay rights come to Toy Town as Chick-fil-A battle continues", telegraph.co.uk; accessed August 13, 2012.
  61. 1 2 "Chick-Fil-A Supporters Gather for Appreciation Day". Abcnews.go.com. August 1, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  62. 1 2 3 Hsu, Tiffany (August 1, 2012). "Chick-fil-A fans and critics take to the streets". latimes.com. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  63. 1 2 Amanda Holpuch (August 1, 2012). "Chick-fil-A appreciation day brings huge crowds to fast-food chain". London, UK: Guardian. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  64. ↑ Norman, Jan (August 11, 2012). "Franchises weather Chick-fil-A's controversy". The Orange County Register. p. Business 2.
  65. ↑ "61% Hold Favorable Opinion of Chick-fil-A". Rasmussen Reports. August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  66. ↑ Wing, Nick (August 1, 2012). "Getting 'Crucified,' Boycott Has 'Chilling Effect' On First Amendment". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  67. ↑ Wing, Nick (July 25, 2012). "Rick Santorum, Chick-Fil-A Champion, Joins Mike Huckabee In Supporting Fast Food Chain". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  68. ↑ Horowitz, Alana (August 5, 2012). "Ann Coulter: Chick-Fil-A Anti-Gay Stance 'Not An Anti-Gay Thing'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  69. ↑ Wing, Nick (August 3, 2012). "Bloomberg: Chick-Fil-A Has Rights To Its Own Views On Same-Sex Marriage, Like The Catholic Church". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  70. ↑ Patrick Hobin (July 26, 2012). "ACLU Backs Chick-fil-A Against Rahm Emanuel's Threatened Ban". Newsmax.com. Newsmax Media, Inc. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  71. ↑ Satran, Joe (January 31, 2013). "Chick-Fil-A Sales Soar In 2012 Despite Bad PR". The Huffington Post. The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/4/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.