Clear Grits

Clear Grits were reformers in the Canada West district of the Province of United Canada, a British colony that is now the Province of Ontario, Canada. Their name is said to have been given by David Christie, who said that only those were wanted in the party who were "all sand and no dirt, clear grit all the way through".^[1]

Their support was concentrated among southwestern Ontario farmers, who were frustrated and disillusioned by the 1849 Reform government of Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine's lack of democratic enthusiasm. The Clear Grits advocated universal male suffrage, representation by population, democratic institutions, reductions in government expenditure, abolition of the Clergy Reserves, voluntarism, and free trade with the United States. Clear Grits from Upper Canada shared many ideas with Thomas Jefferson.

History

The Clear Grit platform was first laid out at a convention held at Markham in March 1850, which included the following planks:^[1]

1. The abrogation of the rectories, and the secularization of the Clergy Reserves.
2. Retrenchment in provincial expenditure.
3. Abolition of the pensioning system.
4. The appointment of all local officials by local municipal councils.
5. Thorough judicial reform, especially the abolition of the court of chancery.
6. A great extension of the elective franchise, and vote by ballot.
7. Repeal of the law of primogeniture.
8. Abolition of copyright.
9. The right of the people to discuss peacefully any question affecting the government or constitution of the colony.
10. Election of the three branches of the legislature by the people.

Initially led by Peter Perry, they later came under the leadership of Toronto newspaper editor George Brown, and, in 1857 joined with the Reform Party, which was a loose alliance of liberal minded reformers that became the Ontario Liberal Party and Liberal Party of Canada.

Impact

The "Clear Grits" were one of a long series of farmer-based radical reform movements. Later examples were the United Farmers and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the direct ancestor of the modern New Democratic Party. The word "Grit" is used as a neutral reference to members of the Liberal Party in English Canada (similar to how "Tory" is often used to refer to supporters of Conservative parties at both the federal and provincial levels) . It is currently used far more frequently in print than spoken. "Grit" also has a conveniently small number of letters, for use in headlines.

Further reading

• Vance, Michael E. (1997). "Scottish Chartism in Canada West? An Examination of the 'Clear Grit' Reformers". International Review of Scottish Studies. University of Guelph. 22: 56–104. 

See also

References

External links

• "Clear Grits". Canadian Encyclopedia. 
• Bélanger, Claude (2005). "Clear Grit Party". Marianopolis College. 

Provincial political parties in Ontario
Legislative Assembly	Liberal (58) Progressive Conservative (28) New Democratic (20)
Other recognized parties	Communist Confederation of Regions Equal Parenting Freedom Green Libertarian Moderate None of the Above Northern Ontario Pauper People with Special Needs The People's
Historical parties represented in the legislature	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Labour (Independent) Labor-Progressive Liberal-Labour Liberal-Progressive Patrons of Industry Soldier Protestant Protective Association United Farmers
Pre-confederation parties	Clear Grits Family Compact Reform (Mackenzie) Reform (Baldwinite)

Liberal Party of Canada
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Predecessors	History Clear Grits (circa 1850–58) Institut canadien de Montréal (1844–80) Parti canadien (circa 1800–38) Parti rouge (1848–61) Reformers (circa 1830–54) in Newfoundland
Related parties	Liberal Protectionist Liberal-Progressive Liberal-Labour Laurier Liberals Liberal–Unionist National Liberal Progressive