Dania transcription
Table of consonant and vowel signs used in Dania, publised by Jespersen in 1890.
Dania (Latin for Denmark) is the traditional linguistic transcription system used in Denmark to describe the Danish language. It was invented by Danish linguist Otto Jespersen and published in 1890 in the Dania, Tidsskrift for folkemål og folkeminder magazine from which the system was named.
Jespersen's Dania system differs from the later IPA in particular concerning the Danish vowel letters. There is no official moderation of the standard, and specific phonetic symbols may therefore differ from author to author. Also there are no absolute phonetic references for the standard, and its usage is therefore discouraged by Danish phoneticians and phonologists.
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular/ Pharyngeal |
Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ƞ | ||||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ʼ | ||||
| Fricative | f | s | ᶊ | h | |||||||
| Approximant | w | ʋ | ð | j | r | ||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close (high) |
i iː | y yː | u uː | |||
| Close-mid | e eː | ø øː | o oː | |||
| Mid | æ æː | ö öː | ə | å åː | ||
| Open-mid | ɑ ɑː | ɔ̈ | ɔɹ | åɹ | ||
| Open (low) |
ɑ̇ | a aː | ||||
NB: Many letters have a different meaning in the two transcription systems:
| Dania | IPA |
|---|---|
| ɡ | ɑ |
| ɑ̇ | ɡ |
| ɑ | æ |
| æ | ɛ |
| ɔ | ʌ |
| å | ɔ̞ |
External links
- Otto Jespersen: Dansk lydskrift (from Dania, vol. 1 (1890-1892), pp. 33-79) (Danish)
- Marius Kristensen: Vejledning til brugen af Danias lydskrift, Copenhagen, 1924 (Danish)
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