Mohammad Omar Daudzai

Mohammad Omar Daudzai (Pashto: محمد عمر داودزی‎ - born October 12, 1957) is a Politician in Afghanistan, most recently having served as the Minister of Interior during the challenging 2014 electoral year. After a career with international non-governmental organizations including the United Nations Development Program in Geneva, Daudzai started work as two term Chief of Staff of Afghan President Hamid Karzai from 2003 to 2005 and then from 2007 to around 2010. From 2005 until 2007, President Karzai appointed him as Afghan Ambassador in Iran. He then served as Afghan Ambassador to Pakistan,^[1] tasked with advancing efforts to reach a political solutions to the war in Afghanistan. In September 2013, Daudzai was asked to serve as Afghan Minister of the Interior in Kabul and instead ensure security for the elections.^[2]

Daudzai has left official office and continues to work in Afghanistan's politics through supporting youth groups, and mobilizing politically influentials people and organizations in support of strengthening the country's democratic order. He has also emerged as a critic of President Ashraf Ghani's unbalanced regional diplomacy and pursuit of unilateral closeness to Pakistan—arguing in a NYT oped that "rather than expect a miraculous U-turn from Islamabad, Mr. Ghani’s government would do better to use its resources, and the international community’s continued support, to concentrate on its main purpose: consolidating the Afghan state."^[3][3]

Early life and Education

Daudzai was born on 12 October 1957 in the Qarabagh District of the Kabul Province in Afghanistan. He grew up and completed his primary education in his home district of Qarabagh. In order to continue his higher education, Omar moved to the capital city Kabul.

80s and 90s: Anti-Soviet Jihad and Association with Hezbi Islami

During the 1980s Daudzai became active in the resistance against the Soviet-occupation and joined the Mujahideen group of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar: Hezbi Islami.^[4] While still influential with the former cadre of Hebi Islami who are active in Afghanistan's politics, Daudzai has ended his official ties with the party reportedly after the Soviet withdrawal in 1989 and remains politically independent.

1996-2003: UN Employee

During the Taliban era Daudzai decided to settle in Peshawar, Pakistan, and began working for the organization Save the Children. While working there through a scholarship program, he was able to go to the Victoria University in the United Kingdom for his Masters in Science. After completing his Masters he came back to work for the Swedish Committee in Jalalabad, Afghanistan. In 1996 he moved to Islamabad, Pakistan, where he started working for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). In 2001 he moved to Geneva, Switzerland, where he assumed the role of "Area Development Specialist" in UNDP Geneva.

2003-2005: Afghan Chief of Staff

In November 2003 Daudzai was approached by the Afghan Transitional Administration to assume the office of the Chief of Staff of the President and took the position. At that time, the key challenge was establishing the Afghan state amidst an environment full of traditional power holders and illegal militias. Commenting on how only few militias have disarmed, he said: "Any force not part of the Afghan National Army is a challenge, but this is reality, so we ought to deal with it diplomatically and peacefully. I hope we will succeed."^[5]

Daudzai served as Hamid Karzai's Chief of Staff until 2005^[6] when he moved to Tehran as the Afghan Ambassador to Iran.^[7]

2007-2011: Return as Chief of Staff

In 2007, he replaced Jawed Ludin and resumed the position of the Chief of Staff for Afghan President Hamid Karzai.

Peace Talks and the Taliban Imposer Episode

In the summer of 2010, outside Daudzai's influence, Karzai sat down with a man believed to be former Taliban Cabinet minister Akhtar Muhammad Mansour to discuss peace between the Taliban and the Afghan Government. According to Daudzai, it later turned out the man wasn't Mansour at all, but an imposter who was just a shopkeeper in Quetta. Daudzai blamed the British for this debacle, because he said that they brought the man in front of Karzai. "International partners should not get excited so quickly with those kinds of things," Daudzai said, adding that the incident shows that the Afghan peace talks should be "Afghan-led and fully Afghanized."^[8] According to Wikileaks Cables Daudzai also believed that the Norwegians might have been fooled into meeting self-proclaimed members of the Taliban who may in fact not have been Taliban members at all. Daudzai claimed that he had never heard anything about contact between the Taliban and Norwegian authorities.^[9]

The Atlantic profiled him as:^[10] "A soft-spoken former aid worker, Daudzai served as the president’s liaison to the many warlords and strongmen he had to keep in check—both to ensure stability and to secure his reelection in 2009. While Daudzai was once associated with the conservative Hizb-e-Islami party, the 56-year-old...is more pragmatic in his worldview. When Karzai made an ultimately unsuccessful push for reconciliation with the Taliban in 2011, he dispatched Daudzai as his ambassador to Pakistan. To express his displeasure with the Americans, who tried to oust him during his 2009 reelection campaign, Karzai replaced Daudzai as chief of staff with Abdul Karim Khurram, a conservative former culture minister with an anti-American reputation."

Cash Aid from Iran to Hamid Karzai's Office

In 2010, there were rumors that then President Hamid Karzai's office was receiving bags filled with cash from Iranian officials. Karzai acknowledged and accepted the fact that the Government of Iran has been providing millions of dollars directly to his office. Karzai told reporters he had instructed Daudzai to accept the money from Tehran. "It is official and by my order," Karzai said.^[11] Iranians also stated that the report was indeed true. Two weeks after the controversy about the Iranian money Daudzai came out to the Afghan Media for an open interview. In the interview Daudzai showed piles of files that proved that every cent of the money coming from Iran were spent on government expenses only and that he had record for all the money that came from Iran. He also claimed that Iranian money had been coming to Afghanistan since 2002 but the issue was brought out only now in order to pressure the Karzai government for political reasons^[12][13][14] and that since 2002 also the US, the UK and Japan had provided the presidential office with cash assistance.^[15] According to Newsweek, nearly every encounter between Afghan and Iranian officials ends up with the Iranians proffering a sack of cash.^[16]

According to wikileaks cables Daudzai told deputy US ambassador Francis Ricciardone already in February 2010 that certain Afghan officials were on Tehran's payroll, including some people nominated for cabinet positions. Daudzai claimed that some of these officials had been relieved of their duties because 'you can't be an honest Afghan if you receive a package from Iran.'^[17] Daudzai had told Ricciardone, and he said that his government preferred the US' sustained cash support to the 'occasional and unpredictable' payments from Iran.^[18]

References

Afghan Diplomats and Ambassadors
Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdullah Abdullah (2001–2006) Rangin Dadfar Spanta (2006–2010) Zalmai Rassoul (2010–2013) Ahmad Moqbel Zarar (2013–2015) Salahuddin Rabbani (2015–present) Deputy Foreign Minister for Political Affairs Abdorrahim Sherizai Zalmai Aziz (2003–2007) Mohammad Kabir Farahi (2007–2010) Eklil Ahmad Hakimi (2010–2011) Deputy Foreign Minister for Administration Affairs Abdul H. Haider (2010–present) Deputy Foreign Minister for Economic Affairs Mahmoud Saikal (2005–2006) Chief of Staff to the President Said Tayeb Jawad (2002–2003) Mohammad Omar Daudzai (2003–2005) Jawed Ludin (2005–2007) Omar Daudzai (2007–present) Chairman National Security Council Zalmai Rasool (2002–2009) Rangin Dadfar Spanta (2010–present) Director of United Nations Affairs and International Conferences Zalmai Aziz (2002–2003) Mohammad Anwar Anwarzai (2008–present) Spokesmen of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Omar Samad (2001–2006) Ahmad Zaher Faqiri (2010–present) Permanent Representative to the UN (New York) Ravan Farhâdi (1993–2006) Zahir Tanin (2006–present) Permanent Representative to the UN (Geneva) Akbar Kherad Mohammad Nabi Amani Sher Ahmad Nasri Homayon Tandar Shamsuzzakir Kazemi Assad Omar Nangyalai Tarzi (2007–2010) Zalmai Aziz (2010–present)
Ambassador to the United States Ishaq Shahryar (2002–2003) Said Tayeb Jawad (2003–2010) Eklil Ahmad Hakimi (2011–present) Chargé d'affaires to the United Kingdom Hameed Haami Ambassador to Pakistan Nangyalai Tarzi (2002–2006) Mohammad Anwar Anwarzai (2006–2007) Abdul Khaliq Farahi Majnoon Gulab (Chargé d'affaires) (2009–present) Ambassador to Iran Omar Daudzai (2005–2007) Yahya Maroofi (2007–2009) Obaidullah Obaid (2010–present) Ambassador to India Massoud Khalili (2001–2006) Sayed Makhdoom Raheen (−2010) Nangyalai Tarzi (2010–present) Ambassador to Russia Ahmad Zia Massoud (2001–2004) Zalmai Aziz (2007–2010) Azizullah Karzai (2010–present) Ambassador to Canada Omar Samad (2004–2009) Jawed Ludin (2009–present) Ambassador to Australia Mahmoud Saikal (2002–2005) Mohammad Anwar Anwarzai (2005–2007) Amanullah Jayhoon (2007–present) Ambassador to Turkey Massoud Khalili (2007–2010) Salahuddin Rabbani (2011–present) Ambassador to Spain Gul Ahmad Sherzada Massoud Khalili (2010–present) Ambassador to Japan Mohammad Noor Akbary (Chargé d'affaires) (2002–2004) Haron Amin (2004–2009) Eklil Ahmad Hakimi (2009–2010) Mohammad Amin Fatemi (2010-present) Ambassador to France Omar Samad (2009–2011) Ambassador to Norway Yahya Maroofi (2005–2007) Jawed Ludin (2007–2009) Manija Bakhtary (2009–present)