The Dublin Gazette
The Dublin Gazette was the gazette, or official newspaper, of the Irish Executive, Britain's government in Ireland based at Dublin Castle, between 1705 and 1922. It published notices of government business, including Royal Proclamations, the granting of Royal Assent to bills, writs of election, appointments to public offices, commissions and promotions in the Armed Forces, and awards of honours, as well as notices of insolvency, and of changes of names or of arms.
As with the parallel London Gazette, the strapline was "Published by Authority".[1]
History
A Dublin Gazette was instituted in May 1689 by King James II, but after his defeat in 1690 at the Battle of the Boyne its functions were taken over by The London Gazette.[2][3]
In 1705, under the Lord Lieutenancy of the 2nd Duke of Ormonde, a new Dublin Gazette was founded, although in its early days it was only two pages in length. The earliest surviving copy, dated 9 February 1706, is numbered as Issue 84 and is held in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin.[4] While the Gazette was an official publication, ownership of the title and any profits on it initially remained with the printer.[5]
Its first printer was Edwin Sandys,[6] although this was something of a technicality. A proclamation dated from Dublin Castle on 25 October 1705 notified the people of Ireland that -
...to prevent imposition by the publication of any false news, the Lords Justices directed the paper entitled The Dublin Gazette to be published by their authority, and had appointed their secretary, Edwin Sandys, to peruse the same constantly, before it be printed; and that Edwin Sandys, at the Custom House Printing-office, should be the printer and publisher thereof.[7]
Until the 1770s, The Dublin Gazette had less of the character of an organ of government than did The London Gazette. However, on 18 March 1776, an Order in Council was made which banned it from publishing news not "guaranteed" by the government.[8] A Notice subsequently appeared in the Gazette on 13 April 1776, dated from Dublin Castle on 27 March, stating -
...that it is his majesty's royal pleasure, that for the future, the Dublin Gazette shall, as nearly as possible, be put upon the same footing as the London Gazette; and that it shall contain no other articles of news than such as are authorized by his majesty's government of this kingdom, or duly authenticated; and his excellency the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland has appointed Mr W. Roseingrave compiler of the said Dublin Gazette.[9]
The printers of the Gazette held onto their ownership until almost the end of the 18th century. There was a sensation on 9 April 1799, when two rival versions were published, one by the established publisher, Sir St George O’Kelly, and a second by George Grierson, the King's printer. O'Kelly complained, to no avail, about the expropriation of his interest, thereafter losing the right to publish the title. It is now surmised that following the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and in the year before the Act of Union of 1800, the Irish government felt it needed total control.[5]
Between 5 April and 5 July 1818, the government paid Grierson £570-7s-6d "for Proclamations, News, Promotions, Addresses, &c., published in the Dublin Gazette".[10]
At the beginning of the Easter Rising of 1916, the Gazette published a proclamation by Lord Wimborne, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, of martial law. This stated that "certain evilly disposed persons" had "with deadly weapons attacked the Forces of the Crown". The Gazette ceased publication during the Rising and for more than a week following it, with the result that a compendium issue was later published for the period between 25 April and 9 May 1916.[5]
From 1919, during the Irish War of Independence, the Gazette was challenged by the Irish Bulletin, the official newspaper of the rival government of the Irish Republic, produced by its Department of Propaganda and appearing weekly from 11 November 1919 to 11 July 1921.[11] The War of Independence resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed in London on 6 December 1921, and as a result the final edition of The Dublin Gazette was published on 27 January 1922. Four days later, on 31 January, the newly created Irish Free State began to publish a new gazette called Iris Oifigiúil, sometimes referred to in English as the Irish State Gazette.
The Adaptation of Enactments Act 1922 of the Oireachtas included the following:
Every mention of or reference to the Dublin Gazette contained in any British Statute shall, as respects the doing or not doing of any act, matter or thing in Saorstát Éireann after the 6th day of December, 1922, be construed and take effect as a mention of or reference to the official gazette called Iris Oifigiúil.[5]
In Northern Ireland, the functions of The Dublin Gazette were taken over by a new publication called The Belfast Gazette, which first appeared on 7 June 1921.[12]
See also
References
- ↑ The Dublin Gazette at nla.gov.au Archived December 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ J. C. O'Callaghan, Macariae Excidium
- ↑ Richard Robert Madden, The history of Irish periodical literature (1867), page 235 online at books.google.com
- ↑ Dublin Historical Record, vol. XIII (1953), No. 3
- 1 2 3 4 300 years of Irish gazetteering at historyireland.com
- ↑ The Dublin Gazette at nla.gov.au
- ↑ Madden, op. cit., page 234 online at books.google.com
- ↑ Alexander Andrews, The history of British journalism page 294 online at books.google.com
- ↑ Annual Register, volume 19 (1788), page 33 online at books.google.com
- ↑ House of Commons, Parliamentary papers, Volume 20, pages 97-98 at books.google.com
- ↑ Arthur Mitchell, Revolutionary Government in Ireland: Dáil Éireann, 1919-22 (Gill & Macmillan, 1995)
- ↑ Note on The London Gazette et al. at societies.cam.ac.uk Archived December 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
External links
- Digitised PDFs of bound volumes from the Oireachtas library website: