Eartha Kitt

Eartha Kitt

Kitt performing in concert in 2007
Background information
Birth name Eartha Mae Keith[1]
Also known as Miss Kitt, Mother Eartha,[2] Kitty
Born (1927-01-17)January 17, 1927
North, South Carolina, U.S.
Died December 25, 2008(2008-12-25) (aged 81)
Weston, Connecticut, U.S.
Genres Vocal jazz, cabaret, dance, torch
Occupation(s) Singer, actress, cabaret singer, dancer, activist, voice artist
Instruments Vocals
Years active 1943–2008
Labels RCA Victor (1953–59), Kapp (1959–60), MGM (1962), EMI (1963–65), GNP Crescendo (1965), Decca (1965), Spark (1970), Can't Stop (1984), Ariola (1989–90), ITM (1991–92), DRG (1994), Strike Force in (2008)
Website www.earthakitt.com

Eartha Mae Kitt (January 17, 1927 – December 25, 2008) was an American singer, actress, cabaret star, dancer, activist and voice artist, known for her highly distinctive singing style and her 1953 recordings of "C'est Si Bon" and the enduring Christmas novelty smash "Santa Baby", which were both US Top 10 hits. She starred in 1967 as Catwoman, in the third and final season of the television series Batman. Orson Welles once called her the "most exciting woman in the world".[3]

Kitt began her career in 1943 and appeared in the 1945 original Broadway production of the musical Carib Song. In the early 1950s, she had six US Top 30 hits, including "Uska Dara" and "I Want to be Evil". Her other notable recordings include the UK Top 10 hit "Under the Bridges of Paris" (1954), "Just an Old Fashioned Girl" (1956) and "Where Is My Man" (1983). In 1968, her career in America suffered after she made anti-war statements at a White House luncheon. Ten years later, she made a successful return to Broadway in the 1978 original production of the musical Timbuktu!, for which she received the first of her two Tony Award nominations. Her second was for the 2000 original production of the musical The Wild Party.

Kitt found a new generation of fans through Disney's animated feature The Emperor's New Groove (2000), in which she voiced the villainous Yzma. She reprised the role in the direct-to-video sequel Kronk's New Groove (2005), as well as the animated series The Emperor's New School (2006–08). Her work on the latter earned her two Daytime Emmy Awards. She posthumously won a third Emmy in 2010 for her guest performance on Wonder Pets.

Early life

Kitt was born Eartha Mae Keith on a cotton plantation near the small town of North, in Orangeburg County, South Carolina on January 17, 1927.[1] Her mother Annie Mae Keith was of Cherokee and African descent.

Though it remains unconfirmed, it has been widely reported that her father was of German descent and that Kitt was conceived by rape.[4][5][6] She had no knowledge of her father, except that his surname was Keith and that he was supposedly a son of the owner of the farm where she had been born.[4] Newspaper obituaries state that her white father was "a poor cotton farmer".[7]

In an August 2013 biography, British journalist John Williams claimed that Kitt's father was a white man, a local doctor named Daniel Sturkie. However, Kitt's daughter Kitt Shapiro has questioned the accuracy of the claim.[8]

Kitt was raised by Annie Mae Keith, later changed to Annie Mae Riley, a black woman whom the girl believed to be her mother. When she was eight, Annie Mae went to live with a black man, but he refused to accept Kitt because of her relatively pale complexion,[4] so the girl lived with another family until Riley's death. She was then sent to live in New York City with Mamie Keitt, where she attended the Metropolitan Vocational High School (later renamed the High School of Performing Arts).[9]

Career

Kitt on October 19, 1952

Kitt began her career as a member of the Katherine Dunham Company in 1943 and remained a member of the troupe until 1948. A talented singer with a distinctive voice, she recorded the hits "Let's Do It", "Champagne Taste", "C'est si bon" (which Stan Freberg famously burlesqued), "Just an Old Fashioned Girl", "Monotonous", "Je cherche un homme", "Love for Sale", "I'd Rather Be Burned as a Witch", "Katibim" (a Turkish melody), "Mink, Schmink", "Under the Bridges of Paris" and her most recognizable hit "Santa Baby", which was released in 1953.

Kitt's unique style was enhanced as she became fluent in French during her years performing in Europe. She spoke four languages and sang in seven, which she effortlessly demonstrated in many of the live recordings of her cabaret performances.

Career peaks

Kitt sleeping on a bus in 1962

In 1950, Orson Welles gave Kitt her first starring role as Helen of Troy in his staging of Dr. Faustus. A few years later, she was cast in the revue New Faces of 1952, introducing "Monotonous" and "Bal, Petit Bal," two songs with which she is still identified. In 1954, 20th Century Fox filmed a version of the revue entitled New Faces, in which she performed "Monotonous," "Uska Dara," and "C'est si bon."[10] Though it is often alleged that Welles and Kitt had an affair during her 1957 run in Shinbone Alley, Kitt categorically denied this in a June 2001 interview with George Wayne of Vanity Fair. "I never had sex with Orson Welles," Kitt told Vanity Fair: "It was a working situation and nothing else."[11] Her other films in the 1950s included Mark of the Hawk (1957), St. Louis Blues (1958) and Anna Lucasta (1959).

Throughout the rest of the 1950s and early 1960s, she recorded; worked in film, television, and nightclubs; and returned to the Broadway stage, in Mrs. Patterson (during the 1954–55 season), Shinbone Alley (in 1957), and the short-lived Jolly's Progress (in 1959).[12] In 1964, Kitt helped open the Circle Star Theater in San Carlos, California.

Kitt as Catwoman in Batman

In the late 1960s, Batman featured Kitt as Catwoman after Julie Newmar had left the show. She also starred in the 2003 movie "Holes" as the character Madame Zeroni. [13]

Anti-war controversy

In 1968, during Lyndon B. Johnson's administration, Kitt encountered a substantial professional setback after she made anti-war statements during a White House luncheon.[14][15] Kitt was invited to the White House luncheon and was asked by Lady Bird Johnson about the Vietnam War. She replied: "You send the best of this country off to be shot and maimed. No wonder the kids rebel and take pot."

During a question and answer session, Kitt stated:

"The children of America are not rebelling for no reason. They are not hippies for no reason at all. We don’t have what we have on Sunset Blvd. for no reason. They are rebelling against something. There are so many things burning the people of this country, particularly mothers. They feel they are going to raise sons—and I know what it's like, and you have children of your own, Mrs. Johnson—we raise children and send them to war."

Her remarks reportedly caused Mrs. Johnson to burst into tears and led to a derailment in Kitt's career.[16] The public reaction to Kitt's statements was extreme, both pro and con. Publicly ostracized in the US, she devoted her energies to performances in Europe and Asia. It is said that Kitt's career in the US was ended following her comments about the Vietnam War, after which she was branded "a sadistic nymphomaniac" by the CIA.[8]

Broadway

Kitt returned to New York City in a triumphant turn in the Broadway spectacle Timbuktu! (a version of the perennial Kismet, set in Africa) in 1978. In the musical, one song gives a "recipe" for mahoun, a preparation of cannabis, in which her sultry purring rendition of the refrain "constantly stirring with a long wooden spoon" was distinctive. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance.

Later years

In 1978, Kitt did the voice-over in a TV commercial for the album Aja by the rock group Steely Dan. She wrote three autobiographies—Thursday's Child (1956), Alone with Me (1976) and I'm Still Here: Confessions of a Sex Kitten (1989). In the 1970s she appeared on TV several times on BBC's long running variety show, The Good Old Days, and took over from fellow American Dolores Gray, in the London West End production of Stephen Sondheim's Follies and returned at the end of that run to star in a One Woman Show at the same Shaftesbury Theatre, both to tremendous acclaim. In both those shows performing the show-stopping theatrical anthem I'm Still Here

In 1984, she returned to the music charts with a disco song titled "Where Is My Man," the first certified gold record of her career. "Where Is My Man" reached the Top 40 on the UK Singles Chart, where it peaked at No. 36;[17] the song became a standard in discos and dance clubs of the time and made the Top 10 on the US Billboard dance chart, where it reached No. 7.[18] The single was followed by the album I Love Men on the Record Shack label. Kitt found new audiences in nightclubs across the UK and the US, including a whole new generation of gay male fans, and she responded by frequently giving benefit performances in support of HIV/AIDS organizations. Kitt appeared with Jimmy James and George Burns at a fundraiser in 1990 produced by Scott Sherman, agent from the Atlantic Entertainment Group. It was arranged that James would impersonate Kitt and then Kitt would walk out to take the microphone. This was met with a standing ovation.[19] Her 1989 follow-up hit "Cha-Cha Heels" (featuring Bronski Beat), which was originally intended to be recorded by Divine, received a positive response from UK dance clubs and reached No. 32 in the charts in that country.

In 1991, Kitt returned to the screen in Ernest Scared Stupid as Old Lady Hackmore. In 1992, she had a supporting role as Lady Eloise in Boomerang. In the late 1990s, she appeared as the Wicked Witch of the West in the North American national touring company of The Wizard of Oz. In 1995, Kitt appeared as herself in an episode of The Nanny, where she performed a song in French and flirted with Maxwell Sheffield (Charles Shaughnessy). In November 1996, she appeared on an episode of Celebrity Jeopardy!. In 2000, Kitt again returned to Broadway in the short-lived run of Michael John LaChiusa's The Wild Party. Beginning in late 2000, Kitt starred as the Fairy Godmother in the U.S. national tour of Cinderella. In 2003, she replaced Chita Rivera in Nine. Kitt reprised her role as the Fairy Godmother at a special engagement of Cinderella, which took place at Lincoln Center during the holiday season of 2004.

One of her more unusual roles was as Kaa in a 1994 BBC Radio adaptation of The Jungle Book. Kitt also lent her distinctive voice to Yzma in The Emperor's New Groove (for which she won her first Annie Award) and reprised her role in Kronk's New Groove and The Emperor's New School (for which she won two Emmy Awards and two more Annie Awards {both in 2007–08} for Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production). Kitt had voiced Vexus in My Life as a Teenage Robot.

In her later years, Kitt made annual appearances in the New York Manhattan cabaret scene at venues such as the Ballroom and the Café Carlyle.[20]

She was also a guest star in "Once Upon a Time in Springfield" of The Simpsons, where she was depicted as one of Krusty's past marriages.

From October to early December 2006, Kitt co-starred in the Off-Broadway musical Mimi le Duck. She also appeared in the 2007 independent film And Then Came Love opposite Vanessa Williams.

Kitt was the spokesperson for MAC Cosmetics' Smoke Signals collection in August 2007. She re-recorded "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes" for the occasion, was showcased on the MAC website, and the song was played at all MAC locations carrying the collection for the month.

In April 2008, just months before her death, Eartha Kitt appeared at the Cheltenham Jazz Festival. The performance was recorded and is available on DVD "eartha kitt live at the cheltenham jazz festival". It includes "Alone" - an autobiographical reflection in song. [21]

Personal life

Kitt at the Jumeirah Carlton Tower in London in 1973

After romances with the cosmetics magnate Charles Revson and banking heir John Barry Ryan III, she married John William McDonald, an associate of a real estate investment company, on June 6, 1960.[22] They had one child, a daughter named Kitt McDonald, born on November 26, 1961. They divorced in 1965.

A long-time Connecticut resident, Eartha Kitt lived in a converted barn on a sprawling farm in the Merryall section of New Milford for many years and was active in local charities and causes throughout Litchfield County. She later moved to Pound Ridge, New York, but returned in 2002 to the southern Fairfield County Connecticut town of Weston, in order to be near her daughter Kitt and family. Her daughter, Kitt McDonald, had married Charles Lawrence Shapiro in 1987[23] and has two children: Jason Shapiro and Rachel Shapiro.

Activism

Kitt was active in numerous social causes in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1966, she established the Kittsville Youth Foundation, a chartered and non-profit organization for underprivileged youth in the Watts area of Los Angeles.[24] She was also involved with a group of youth in the area of Anacostia in Washington, D.C., who called themselves, "Rebels with a Cause." Kitt supported the group's efforts to clean up streets and establish recreation areas in an effort to keep them out of trouble by testifying with them before the House General Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. In her testimony, in May 1967, Kitt stated that the Rebels' "achievements and accomplishments should certainly make the adult 'do-gooders' realize that these young men and women have performed in 1 short year - with limited finances - that which was not achieved by the same people who might object to turning over some of the duties of planning, rehabilitation, and prevention of juvenile delinquents and juvenile delinquency to those who understand it and are living it". She added that "the Rebels could act as a model for all urban areas throughout the United States with similar problems".[25] "Rebels with a Cause" subsequently received the needed funding.[26]

Kitt was also a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, thus her criticism of the Vietnam War and its connection to poverty and racial unrest in 1968 can be seen as part of a larger commitment to peace activism.[27]

Like many politically active public figures of her time, Kitt was under surveillance by the CIA, beginning in 1956. After the New York Times discovered the CIA file on Kitt in 1975, she granted the paper permission to print portions of the report, stating: "I have nothing to be afraid of and I have nothing to hide."[28]

Kitt later became a vocal advocate for LGBT rights and publicly supported same-sex marriage, which she considered a civil right. She had been quoted as saying: "I support it [gay marriage] because we're asking for the same thing. If I have a partner and something happens to me, I want that partner to enjoy the benefits of what we have reaped together. It's a civil-rights thing, isn't it?"[29] Kitt famously appeared at many LGBT fundraisers, including a mega event in Baltimore, Maryland, with George Burns and Jimmy James.[19] Scott Sherman, an agent at Atlantic Entertainment Group, stated: "Eartha Kitt is fantastic... appears at so many LGBT events in support of civil rights."

In a 1992 interview with Dr. Anthony Clare, Kitt spoke about her gay following, saying:

We're all rejected people, we know what it is to be refused, we know what it is to be oppressed, depressed, and then, accused, and I am very much cognizant of that feeling. Nothing in the world is more painful than rejection. I am a rejected, oppressed person, and so I understand them, as best as I can, even though I am a heterosexual.[30]

Death

Kitt died from colon cancer on Christmas Day 2008, at her home in Weston, Connecticut.[31][32]

Her daughter, Kitt Shapiro, discussed her last days with her mother:[33]

"I was with her when she died. She left this world literally screaming at the top of her lungs. I was with her constantly, she lived not even 3 miles from my house, we were together practically every day. She was home for the last few weeks when the doctor told us there was nothing they could do any more. Up until the last two days, she was still moving around. The doctor told us she will leave very quickly and her body will just start to shut down. But when she left, she left the world with a bang, she left it how she lived it. She screamed her way out of here, literally. I truly believe her survival instincts were so part of her DNA that she was not going to go quietly or willingly. It was just the two of us hanging out [during the last days] she was very funny. We didn’t have to [talk] because I always knew how she felt about me. I was the love of her life, so the last part of her life we didn't have to have these heart to heart talks.
She started to see people that weren't there. She thought I could see them too, but, of course, I couldn't. I would make fun of her like, 'I’m going to go in the other room and you stay here and talk to your friends.'"

Awards and nominations

Kitt won awards for her film, television, and stage work. In 1960, the Hollywood Walk of Fame honored her with a star, which can be found on 6656 Hollywood Boulevard.[34]

Discography

Filmography

Year Film Role Notes
1948 Casbah Uncredited Film debut
1949-51 unknown unknown It is noted in the original sleeve notes of Kitt's first musical release in the United Kingdom, That Bad Eartha 10" LP, that during her time in Paris, before her brief return to the United Kingdom in 1951, "she made two films in the French capital".[35] This fact is also supported by many of her biographies.[36] Currently only one of these films is known.[37]
1951 Parigi è sempre Parigi Cabaret Singer,
Herself
1954 New Faces Herself First credited film role, launched mainstream career
1957 The Mark of the Hawk Renee
1958 St. Louis Blues Gogo Germaine
1959 Anna Lucasta Anna Lucasta
1961 Saint of Devil's Island Annette
1965 Uncle Tom's Cabin Singer (uncredited)
Synanon Betty
1971 Up the Chastity Belt Scheherazade
1975 Friday Foster Madame Rena
1979 Butterflies in Heat Lola
1985 The Serpent Warriors Snake Priestess
1987 Master of Dragonard Hill Naomi
Dragonard Naomi
The Pink Chiquitas Betty / The Meteor (voice)
1989 Erik the Viking Freya
1990 Living Doll Mrs. Swartz
1991 Ernest Scared Stupid Old Lady Hackmore
1992 Boomerang Lady Eloise
1993 Fatal Instinct First Trial Judge
1996 Harriet the Spy Agatha K. Plummer
1997 Ill Gotten Gains The Wood (Voice)
1998 I Woke Up Early The Day I Died Cult Leader
Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story Bagheera (voice)
2000 The Emperor's New Groove Yzma (voice)
  • Won: Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement For Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Feature Production
  • Nominated: Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actress
2003 Holes Madame Zeroni
2004 The Lion King III: Hakuna Matata [38][39] Nala (voice)
2005 Preaching to the Choir Ms. Nettie
Kronk's New Groove Yzma (voice)
2007 And Then Came Love Mona Last motion picture appearance[40]

Television

Year Title Episode Role Notes
1965 I Spy "The Loser" Angel
1967 Mission: Impossible "The Traitor" Tina Maria
1967-1968 Batman "The Joke's on Catwoman"
"The Funny Feline Felonies"
"Catwoman's Dressed to Kill"		 Catwoman
1972 Lieutenant Schuster's Wife (TV movie) Lady
1974 The Protectors "A Pocketful of Posies" Carrie Blaine
1978 Police Woman "Tigress" Amelia
To Kill a Cop (TV movie) Paula
1983 A Night on the Town (TV movie)
1985 Miami Vice "Whatever Works" Priestess Chata
1989 After Dark "Rock Bottom?" Extended appearance on discussion programme, together with Simon Napier-Bell and Pat Kane among others
1993 Jack's Place "The Seventh Meal" Isabel Lang
Matrix "Moths to a Flame" Sister Rowena
1994 Space Ghost Coast to Coast Batmantis Herself
1995 The Magic School Bus "Going Batty" Mrs. Franklin (voice)
New York Undercover "Student Affairs" Mrs. Stubbs
Living Single "He Works Hard for the Money" Jacqueline Richards
1996 The Nanny "A pup in paris " herself
1998 The Wild Thornberrys "Flood Warning" Lioness #1 (voice)
1999 The Famous Jett Jackson "Field of Dweebs" Albertine Whethers
2000 Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child "The Snow Queen" The Snow Queen (voice)
Welcome to New York "The Car"
"Jim Gets a Car"		 June
2001 The Feast of All Saints (TV movie) Lola Dede
Santa, Baby! (TV movie) Emerald (voice)
2005 Escape from Cluster Prime (TV movie) Vexus (voice)
My Life as a Teenage Robot 7 episodes Queen Vexus (voice)
2006-2008 The Emperor's New School Yzma (voice)
2007 American Dad! "Dope and Faith" Fortune Teller (voice)
2009 The Wonder Pets "Save the Cool Cat and the Hip Hippo/Tuck and Buck" Cool Cat (voice)
2010 The Simpsons "Once Upon a Time in Springfield" Herself (voice) Aired posthumously

Documentary

Year Film Role Notes
1982 All by Myself: The Eartha Kitt Story (Documentary) Herself
1995 Unzipped (Documentary) Herself
2002 The Making and Meaning of We Are Family (Documentary) Herself
The Sweatbox (Documentary) Herself

Stage work

Year Title Location Role Notes
1945 Blue Holiday Broadway Performer as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; a short-lived production at the Belasco Theatre[41]
Carib Song Broadway Company as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; performed at the Adelphi Theatre as an Original Broadway production[41]
1946 Bal Nègre Broadway, and Europe Performer as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; widely acclaimed Concert at the Belasco Theatre[41]
unknown Mexico Performer performed successfully as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe which was under contract with Teatro Americano for more than two months at the request of Doris Duke[41]
1948 Caribbean Rhapsody West End, and Paris Chorus girl as a member of the Katherine Dunham Troupe; performed at the Prince of Wales Theatre (West End) and Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (Paris)[35][41]
1949-50 unknown Paris Herself,
Performer		 first solo show / leading performance; performed at Carroll's Niterie; is where Orson Welles discovered her[35][42][43]
1950 Time Runs Paris[44] Helen of Troy In segment based on Faust; performed "Hungry Little Trouble" written by Duke Ellington; cast by Orson Welles[35]
An Evening With Orson Welles Frankfurt[45]
1951 Dr. Faustus Paris with Orson Welles
1952 New Faces of 1952 Broadway Polynesian girl,
Featured dancer,
Featured singer
1954 Mrs. Patterson Broadway Theodora (Teddy) Hicks Original Broadway production
1957 Shinbone Alley Broadway Mehitabel Original Broadway production
1959 Jolly's Progress Broadway Jolly Rivers
1965 The Owl and the Pussycat U.S. National Tour Performer
1967 Peg Regional (US)
1970 The High Bid London Performer
1972 Bunny London Performer
1974 Bread and Beans and Things Aquarius Theater[46] Performer
1976 A Musical Jubilee U.S. National Tour Performer
1978 Timbuktu! Broadway Shaleem-La-Lume
1980 Cowboy and the Legend Regional (US) Performer
1982 New Faces of 1952 (Revival) Off-Off-Broadway Polynesian girl
Featured dancer
Featured singer
1985 Blues in the Night U.S. National Tour Performer
1987 Follies (London Revival) London Carlotta Campion Replacement for Dolores Gray
1989 Aladdin Palace Theatre, Manchester Performer
1989 Eartha Kitt in Concert London Performer
1994 Yes Edinburgh Performer
1995 Sam's Song Unitarian Church of All Souls Performer Benefit concert
1996 Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill Chicago Performer
1998 The Wizard of Oz (Return Engagement) [off-Broadway] U.S. National Tour Performer
2000 The Wild Party Broadway Delores Original Broadway production
Cinderella Madison Square Garden, and U.S. National Tour Fairy Godmother
2003 Nine Broadway Liliane La Fleur Replacement for Chita Rivera
2004 Cinderella (New York City Opera Revival) David H. Koch Theater Fairy Godmother
2006 Mimi le Duck Off-Off-Broadway Madame Vallet
2007 All About Us Westport Country Playhouse Performer

References

  1. 1 2 "Eartha Kitt - Biography". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Mother Eartha". Philadelphia City Paper. January 17–24, 2002. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  3. ↑ Messer, Kate X. (July 21, 2006). "Just An Old Fashioned Cat". The Austin Chronicle.
  4. 1 2 3 Bone, James (April 11, 2008). "Legendary seductress Eartha Kitt — The Original Pussycat Doll". The Times. London. (subscription required)
  5. ↑ "Eartha Kitt, Chanteuse, Cherokee, and a seducer of audiences, Walked On at 81". Indian Country News. February 26, 2009.
  6. ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3965054/Eartha-Kitt.html
  7. ↑ Weil, Martin (December 26, 2008). "Bewitching Entertainer Eartha Kitt, 81". The Washington Post. p. B05.
  8. 1 2 Adam Luck, "Eartha Kitt's life was scarred by failure to learn the identity of her white father, says daughter", The Observer, October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  9. ↑ Associated Press. "Singer, Broadway Star Eartha Kitt Dies," Billboard (12/25/2008).
  10. ↑ Hall, Phil (January 4, 2001). "New Faces". Film Threat.
  11. ↑ Wayne, George (June 2001). "Back to Eartha". Vanity Fair. p. 160.
  12. ↑ "Eartha Kitt". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Eartha Kitt Obituary". New York Times. 25 December 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  14. ↑ Amorosi, A. D. (February 27, 1997). "Eartha Kitt". Philadelphia City Paper.
  15. ↑ James, Frank (December 26, 2008). "Eartha Kitt versus the LBJs". The Swamp. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009.
  16. ↑ Hoerburger, Rob (December 25, 2008). "Eartha Kitt, a Seducer of Audiences, Dies at 81". The New York Times.
  17. ↑ "Where Is My Man". Chart Stats.
  18. ↑ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco 1974–2003. Record Research Inc.
  19. 1 2 Scott Duncan, "George Burns, Eartha Kitt are delightful at 'Lifesongs 1990'", The Baltimore Sun, September 17, 1990.
  20. ↑ "Eartha Kitt Obituary". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  21. ↑ Personal attendance & possession
  22. ↑ "Eartha Kitt to Be Married". The New York Times. May 12, 1960. p. 40. (subscription required)
  23. ↑ "Kitt McDonald is Wed to Charles L. Shapiro". The New York Times. June 14, 1987.
  24. ↑ Johnson, Robert E. (June 14, 1973). "Eartha Kitt Observes Seventh Year With Black Ghetto School". Jet 44: 56.
  25. ↑ Hearings, 90th Cong., 1st Sess. 558 (1967). pp. 559-60.
  26. ↑ Kitt, Eartha (1976). Alone With Me. H. Regnery Co. p. 239. ISBN 9780809283514.
  27. ↑ Blackwell, Joyce (2004). No Peace Without Freedom: Race and the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809325641.
  28. ↑ Hersh, Seymour (January 3, 1975). "C.I.A. in '68 Gave Secret Service Report Containing Gossip About Eartha Kitt After White House Incident". The New York Times, p. 28, col. 1.
  29. ↑ "Eartha Kitt, actress and gay rights ally, dies at age 81". PageOneQ. December 28, 2008.
  30. ↑ "Eartha Kitt sings Swedish and talks about her gay-fans". YouTube. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Singer-actress Eartha Kitt dies at 81". MSNBC. December 26, 2008.
  32. ↑ Wilson, Christopher (December 26, 2008). "Seductive singer Eartha Kitt dies at 81". Reuters.
  33. ↑ Kitt Shapiro daughter Eartha Kitt offers Business Advice. Mommynoise.com. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
  34. ↑ "Eartha Kitt tickets competition". The Telegraph. January 24, 2008.
  35. 1 2 3 4 That Bad Eartha 10" Long Play (United Kingdom Version) (sleeve note). Eartha Kitt. His Master's Voice. 1955.
  36. ↑ Pear, Nancy (1993). "Contemporary Musicians". 2004 Gale, a part of Cengage Learning & HighBeam Research. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Paris Is Always Paris (1951) - Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  38. ↑ Mae Kitt, Eartha. "That Bad Credits with Eartha Kitt as Nala". Disney Junior.
  39. ↑ Milo, Candy. "An Old Woman Casts Nala". MRTV4.
  40. ↑ "No Sign Due to Sickness". Weta Digital. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 "Selections from the Katherine Dunham Collection". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  42. ↑ Down to Eartha (United Kingdom Version) (sleeve note). Eartha Kitt. His Master's Voice. 1955.
  43. ↑ Baker, Rob (October 16, 2014). "Eartha Kitt and Orson Welles in Paris in 1950". Alum Media Ltd. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  44. ↑ "Eartha Kitt: Singer who rose from poverty to captivate audiences around the world with her purring voice". The Telegraph. December 26, 2008. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  45. ↑ Fanning, Win (August 13, 1950). "Eartha Kitt wins raves in Welles' show at Frankfurt". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  46. ↑ Los Angeles Herald-Examiner and Los Angeles Times. June 8, 1974.

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Preceded by
Lee Meriwether		 Catwoman
1967–1968 		Succeeded by
Michelle Pfeiffer
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