Edmund Pelham

Sir Edmund (or Edward) Pelham (c.1533 – 1606) was a member of the distinguished Pelham family of Laughton He was an Irish judge who held the office of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, and was noteworthy as the first judge to hold assizes in Ulster. His career suffered due to suspicions that he was secretly a Roman Catholic, due partly to his marriage into a famous recusant family, and partly due to the indifference which both he and his wife showed to observance of the Anglican faith.

Background

He was the fifth son of Sir William Pelham of Laughton and his second wife Mary Sandys, daughter of William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys of the Vyne and Margaret Bray. Sir William Pelham, Lord Justice of Ireland (died 1587) was his brother.[1]

Early career

His father died when he was a small child; little is recorded of his life until 1563 when he was admitted to Gray's Inn; he was called to the bar in 1574. He remained at Gray's Inn for 40 years, becoming Reader and Ancient of the Inn, but he does not seem to have advanced far in his legal career, although he was elected to the House of Commons as member for Hastings in 1597.[2] The fact that his wife Ellen Darrell belonged to an openly Roman Catholic family may have hindered his career": his enemies accused him, if not of actual Catholic sympathies, at least of being a "cold professor" of the Protestant faith, who rarely and reluctantly attended Church of England services,[3] and even more rarely took Holy Communion, although failure to do so was breach of a legal duty, as well as obvious evidence of religious non-conformity.[4]

In Ireland

In 1601 he finally became Serjeant-at-law: since he was now close to 70, this might reasonably have been expected to mark the high point of his career. However, in 1602 Sir Robert Napier, who had long been recognised as unfit for high office, was at last removed as the Irish Chief Baron, and Pelham, perhaps because of his brother's long experience as Lord Justice in Ireland, replaced him.[1] His enemies noted with glee that the Spanish invasion of Ireland and the ensuing Battle of Kinsale filled him with trepidation, and he was accused of deliberately delaying his departure until 1602.[5]

As Chief Baron he is best remembered for holding the first assizes in Donegal in 1603. Allowing for an element of self-congratulation in his own description of the assizes, he seems to have been highly successful in this task: he wrote that "the people reverenced him as though he had been an angel from Heaven, and prayed him on their knees to return to minister justice unto them".[6]

He was knighted by King James I of England at Greenwich in 1604. He sat on a commission to inquire into damage suffered by landowners during the Nine Years War, went on the Leinster assize in 1605, and acted as Commissioner of the Great Seal the same year. However he was now an old and sick man: he went to Bath for his health in 1606, but died at Chester on 4 June.[7] Sir Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, praised him as a diligent and very worthy judge.

Family

Scotney Castle, the home of Pelham's wife Ellen Darrell

His marriage to Ellen (or Helen) Darrell, daughter of Thomas Darrell of Scotney Castle, Sussex, was a surprising one for an ambitious lawyer, since the Darrells were notorious recusants who allowed the Jesuits to use Scotney as a refuge. He had five sons including his eldest son and heir Herbert (born 1587), ancestor of the Pelhams of Catsfield, and three daughters, including Ellen (who was still alive in 1609). His widow continued to suffer legal trouble after his death, on account of her Catholic faith.

Little appears to be known of Edmunds's children, except for his eldest Herbert, and his daughter Ellen who was charged with recusancy in 1609, along with her mother. Her brother Herbert, by contrast, was reputed to be a strong Puritan, who was opposed, like most Puritans, to the wearing by the local vicar of the surplice, which he compared colourfully to a sow wearing a saddle, for which remark he was reported to the authorities by the local churchwarden in 1611..[8]

References

  1. 1 2  Albert Frederick Pollard (1895). "Pelham, Edmund". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 243.
  2. ↑ Hester, P.W. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558-1603
  3. ↑ Hester History of Parliament
  4. ↑ Kenyon, J.P The Popish Plot Phoenix Press reissue 2000 p.5
  5. ↑ Hester History of Parliament
  6. ↑ Ball F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921 John Murray London 1926 Vol I p.228
  7. ↑ Ball, p.228
  8. ↑ Brandon, Peter and Short, Brian The South East from 1000 AD Routledge London and New York 2014 p.145
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