Elizabeth Caroline Grey

Elizabeth Caroline Grey (1798–1869), aka Mrs. Colonel Grey or Mrs. Grey, was a prolific English author[1] of over 30 romance novels, silver fork novels, Gothic novels, sensation fiction and Penny Dreadfuls, active between the 1820s and 1867. There is some controversy about the details of her life story, and if she actually authored any penny dreadfuls.[2]

Biography

Commenting on her literary reputation in 1859, American critic Samuel Austin Allibone said Grey "has fairly earned a title to be ranked as one of the most popular novelists of the day."[3] That reputation has not lasted, her life and body of work today are fairly obscure outside of a few specialised fields of study such as Victorian literature and vampire literature. Grey is probably most often remembered today as being the first woman to write and publish a vampire story; one of her earliest stories, The Skeleton Count, or The Vampire Mistress, it was first published in 1828 in the weekly paper The Casket.[4][5]

Elizabeth's maiden name was Duncan and she was the niece of "Miss Duncan", a famous actress of the late 18th century.[6] Elizabeth married "Colonel Grey",[1] a reporter for the Morning Chronicle, about whom very little else is known.[6] Elizabeth Grey worked at a London school for girls. In her spare time wrote silver fork novels,[6] such as Sybil Lennard (1846), about a Swiss orphan who rises to become a governess in England; it has been described by John Sutherland as resembling the fiction of the Brontë sisters.[6] She also wrote penny dreadfuls such as Murder Will Out (1860) and The Iron Mask (1847).[6] Grey's ability to write both "proper" fiction for polite society, and sensational Gothic and penny dreadfuls (some of which were initially published anonymously), earned her a broad audience in her day.

Literary hoax

There is suspicion that not all the books attributed to Mrs. Grey were written by her, indeed that her life story as traditionally told (such as in this article) may be a total fabrication.[2] Helen R. Smith, in "New Light on Sweeney Todd, Thomas Peckett Prest, James Malcolm Rymer and Elizabeth Caroline Grey," came to the conclusion that James Malcolm Rymer was the author of a string of Penny Dreadfuls confusingly attributed to Mrs. Grey.[2] The penny dreadfuls were published by Edward Lloyd, "It is hard to imagine that Elizabeth Caroline Grey, popular author of a large number of 3 volume silver fork novels, could have moonlighted as a penny-a-liner."[2]

Grey's name never appeared in any of these penny dreadfuls published by Lloyd, but she was attributed as the author by Andrew De Ternant in an article in Notes & Queries in 1922.[2] In fact, it's now known that Andrew De Ternant was a "notorious liar", as revealed in a recent investigation by Patrick Spedding in a paper "The Many Mrs Greys: Confusion and Lies about Elizabeth Caroline Grey, Catherine Maria Grey, Maria Georgina Grey and Others".[7] Indeed, Spedding says the traditional life story of Grey, which can be ultimately sourced back to Andrew De Ternant's version, and later replicated in respectable encyclopaedias such as John Sutherland's Companion to Victorian Fiction, is a total fabrication.[2]

Works

Works by Elizabeth Caroline Grey.[8]

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Notes

  1. 1 2 Elizabeth Caroline Grey from At the Circulating Library: A Database of Victorian Fiction, 1837–1901
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Elizabeth Caroline Grey Hoax", John Adcock, Yesterday's Papers, 24 June 2010
  3. ↑ Samuel Austin Allibone. A critical dictionary of English literature, and British and American authors, living and deceased, from the earliest accounts to the middle of the nineteenth century. Containing thirty thousand biographies and literary notices, with forty indexes of subjects. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & co. [etc.], 1859–71.
  4. ↑ Peter Haining. The Vampire Omnibus. Orion mass market paperback (17 July 1995). ISBN 978-1-85797-684-7
  5. ↑ Female Vampires in Literature, last accessed May 2009. Archived 24 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 The Stanford Companion to Victorian Fiction, John Sutherland, 1989, ISBN 978-0-8047-1842-4
  7. ↑ Patrick Spedding. "The Many Mrs Grey: Confusion and Lies about Elizabeth Caroline Grey, Catherine Maria Grey, Maria Georgina Grey and Others". The Papers of the Bibliographic Society of America.
  8. ↑ All works listed here are available on Google Books or Internet Archive, unless otherwise noted where the title was found.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Vampire Legends, from Quite Interesting, last accessed May 2009.
  10. 1 2 3 John Foster Kirk, Samuel Austin Allibone. A Supplement to Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature, Volume 1, Published by J. B. Lippincott company, 1891.
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