Enfield Town

Enfield Town
Enfield Town Centre
Enfield Town  Enfield Town shown within Greater London
Population	14,906 (2011 Census. Town Ward)[1]
OS grid reference	TQ325965
London borough	Enfield
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ENFIELD
Postcode district	EN1, EN2
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
EU Parliament	London
UK Parliament	Enfield North
London Assembly	Enfield and Haringey
List of places UK England London

Coordinates: 51°39′06″N 0°05′01″W / 51.6516°N 0.0837°W / 51.6516; -0.0837

The White House, Silver Street, Enfield

St Andrew's Parish Church, Enfield Town

The New River, Enfield park looking north.

Palace Gardens shopping centre at night.

The fountain outside Enfield library.

The gold post box for Charlotte Dujardin.

Enfield Town, also known as Enfield, is the historic centre of the London Borough of Enfield. It is 10.1 miles (16.3 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.^[2] Enfield Town used to be in the county of Middlesex, but became part of Greater London in 1965. Enfield Town had a population of 115,762 in 2011.

History

Enfield used to be a collection of small communities spread around the royal hunting grounds of Enfield Chase. At the time of the Domesday Book the area was spelt 'Enefelde', and had a priest who almost certainly resided in St. Andrew's Church. By 1572 most of the basic street layout had been completed. The village green later became the historic marketplace between the church and where the fountain now stands. A market is still operated in this area, which is owned by the parish charity. Its name most likely came from Anglo-Saxon Ēanafeld or similar, meaning "open land belonging to a man called Ēana" or "open land for lambs".

Notable people, places, and events

The parish church, on the north side of the marketplace, is dedicated to St Andrew. There is some masonry surviving from the thirteenth century, but the nave, north aisle, choir and tower are late fourteenth century, built of random rubble and flint. The clerestory dates from the early sixteenth century, and the south aisle was rebuilt in brick in 1824.^[3] Adjacent to the church is the old school building of the Tudor period, Enfield Grammar School, which expanded over the years, becoming a large comprehensive school from the late 1960s.

Enfield Palace

A sixteenth century manor house, known since the eighteenth century as Enfield Palace, is remembered in the name of the Palace Gardens Shopping Centre (and the hothouses on the site were once truly notable; see below). It was used as a private school from around 1670 until the late nineteenth century. The last remains of it were demolished in 1928, to make way for an extension to Pearson's department store, though a panelled room with an elaborate plaster ceiling and a stone fireplace survives, relocated to a house in Gentleman's Row, a street of sixteenth- to eighteenth-century houses near the town centre.^[4]

Enfield Market

In 1303, Edward I granted a charter to Humphrey de Bohun, and his wife to hold a weekly market in Enfield each Monday, and James I granted another in 1617, to a charitable trust, for a Saturday market.^[5] The Market was still prosperous in the early eighteenth century, but fell into decline soon afterwards. There were sporadic attempts to revive it: an unsuccessful one of 1778 is recorded,^[6] and in 1826 a stone Gothic market cross was erected, to replace the octagonal wooden market house, demolished sixteen years earlier. In 1858, J. Tuff wrote of the market "several attempts have been made to revive it, the last of which, about twenty years ago, also proved a failure, It has again fallen into desuetude and will probably never be revived".^[7]

However the trading resumed in the 1870s. In 1904 a new wooden structure was built to replace the stone cross, by now decayed. The market is still in existence, administered by the Old Enfield Charitable trust.^[8]

The Enfield Fair

The charter of 1303 also gave the right to hold two annual fairs, one on St Andrew's Day and the other in September.^[9] The latter was suppressed in 1869 at the request of local tradesmen, clergy and other prominent citizens, having become, according to the local historian Pete Eyre, "a source of immorality and disorder, and a growing nuisance to the inhabitants".^[10]

The New River

The New River, built to supply water to London from Hertfordshire, runs immediately behind the town centre through the Town Park, which is the last remaining public open space of Enfield Old Park. The Enfield Loop of the New River also passes through the playing fields of Enfield Grammar School, and this is the only stretch of the loop without a public footpath on at least one side of it.

Hothouses

Enfield was the location of some of the earliest successful hothouses, developed by Dr Robert Uvedale, headmaster of both Enfield Grammar School and the Palace School. He was a Cambridge scholar and renowned horticulturalist; George Simonds Boulger writes of Uvedale in the Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 58:

As a horticulturist Uvedale earned a reputation for his skill in cultivating exotics, being one of the earliest possessors of hothouses in England. In an Account of several Gardens near London written by J. Gibson in 1691 (Archæologia, 1794, xii. 188), the writer says: 'Dr. Uvedale of Enfield is a great lover of plants, and, having an extraordinary art in managing them, is become master of the greatest and choicest collection of exotic greens that is perhaps anywhere in this land. His greens take up six or seven houses or roomsteads. His orange-trees and largest myrtles fill up his biggest house, and … those more nice and curious plants that need closer keeping are in warmer rooms, and some of them stoved when he thinks fit. His flowers are choice, his stock numerous, and his culture of them very methodical and curious.'

John Keats

The poet John Keats went to progressive Clarke's School in Enfield, where he began a translation of the Aeneid. The school's building later became Enfield Town railway station until it was demolished in 1872. The current building was erected in the 1960s. In 1840 the first section of the Northern and Eastern Railway had been opened from Stratford to Broxbourne. The branch line from Water Lane to Enfield Town station was opened in 1849.

Silver Street White House

The White House in Silver Street – now a doctors' surgery – was the home of Joseph Whitaker, publisher and founder of Whitaker's Almanack, who lived there from 1820 until his death in 1895. (Inscription on Blue Plaque on The White House, Silver Street, Enfield.)

World's first ATM

Enfield Town had the world's first cash machine or automatic teller machine. It was installed at the local branch of Barclays Bank on 27 June 1967 and was opened by the actor and Enfield resident Reg Varney.^[11]

The Civic Centre

Enfield Town houses the Civic Centre, the headquarters of the Borough administration, at which Council and committee meetings are also held.

August 2011 riots

On Sunday 7 August 2011, after rioting spread from Tottenham, vehicles including a police car were attacked and several shops and business were targeted in the town centre. Most businesses remained closed on Monday 8th and many were not repaired for several weeks after the rioting. The mayor of London, Boris Johnson, later visited the town centre to receive people's views of the riots.^[12]

Demography

In the 2011 census, the Town ward (covering areas north from the Southbury Road) was 82% white (68% British, 10% Other, 3% Irish). The largest non-white group, Black African, claimed 3%. The District is also covered by the Chase, Highlands, Grange, Southbury, Lock, Highway, Turkey Street and Bush Hill Park wards.

Economy

Enfield Town centre underwent major redevelopment work, completed in Autumn 2006. A large extension to the existing shopping centre was built, under the name Palace Exchange.^[13] Many branches of chain stores already existing in the town centre were relocated to the new extension, and there are some completely new stores. In the summer of 2011 a vacant building (previously a bingo club) on Burleigh way in the town centre was demolished and replaced with new apartments, which were completed in the spring of 2012. There is space for six commercial units and public art. A further two apartments are being built on Silver Street and Southbury Road. There are also plans for a fourth new block of flats to be built, which will go ahead if the council approve them.

Transport and locale

Nearest places

Neighbouring towns, villages and places.

	Botany Bay	Gordon Hill	Forty Hill
	Oakwood		Ponders End
		Enfield Town
	Southgate	Bush Hill Park and Winchmore Hill	Edmonton

Nearest railway stations

Enfield Town, like Edmonton, is well connected by the London Overground. With services to Watford, Croydon and Central London and also has National Rail services at Enfield Chase station.

• Enfield Town railway station
• Enfield Chase railway station
• Southbury railway station
• Turkey Street railway station
• Bush Hill Park railway station

Buses

Enfield Town has excellent bus links.London Buses routes 121, 191, 192, 231, 307, 313, 317, 329, 377, W8, W9, W10, night route N29, and non-London route 610 serves Enfield Town.

References

Bibliography

• Pam, David (1992). A Victorian Suburb. A History of Enfield. Enfield: Enfield Preservation Society. 
• Ford, Edward; George H. Hodson (1873). A History of Enfield in the County of Middlesex. Enfield. Retrieved 19 September 2011. 
• Edward Walford (1883), "Enfield", Greater London, London: Cassell & Co., OCLC 3009761 

London Borough of Enfield
Districts	Arnos Grove Botany Bay Bowes Park Brimsdown Bulls Cross Bullsmoor Bush Hill Park Chase Side Clay Hill Cockfosters Crews Hill Edmonton Enfield Chase Enfield Highway Enfield Island Village Enfield Lock Enfield Town Enfield Wash Forty Hill Freezywater Gordon Hill Grange Park Hadley Wood New Southgate Oakwood Palmers Green Picketts Lock Ponders End Southgate Upper Edmonton Winchmore Hill World's End
Attractions	Forty Hall and Gardens Millfield Theatre and Arts Centre Capel Manor Myddelton House Gardens Chickenshed Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture Whitewebbs Museum of Transport Royal Small Arms Factory Interpretation Centre
Parks and open spaces	Arnos Park Broomfield Park Durants Park Grovelands Park Oakwood Park Pymmes Park Trent Country Park Whitewebbs Park
Constituencies	Edmonton Enfield North Enfield Southgate
Tube and rail stations	Angel Road Arnos Grove Brimsdown Bush Hill Park Cockfosters Crews Hill Edmonton Green Enfield Chase Enfield Lock Enfield Town Gordon Hill Grange Park Hadley Wood Oakwood Palmers Green Ponders End Silver Street Southbury Southgate Turkey Street Winchmore Hill
Other topics	Coat of arms Council Grade I and II* listed buildings People Public art Public transport Schools