Felixstowe Fury

Felixstowe Fury
Fury at the Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe. Wreckage of a Felixstowe F.2A in the forground.
Role Long-range flying-boat
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe
Designer John Cyril Porte
First flight 11 November 1918
Retired 11 August 1919
Primary user Royal Air Force
Number built 1
Developed from Curtiss Model T[1]
Felixstowe F.5[1]

The Felixstowe F.4 Fury[2] (serial N123), also known as the Porte Super-Baby, was a large British, five-engined triplane flying-boat designed by John Cyril Porte at the Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe, inspired by the Wanamaker Triplane or Curtiss Model T. The Fury was the largest seaplane in the world, largest British aircraft at the time[3][2] and the first aircraft to incorporate servo-assisted controls.[1]

Although the test-flying programme demonstrated the aircraft's suitability for long-distance flight, on 11 August 1919 (the eve of a planned flight from England to South Africa) it stalled into the sea on take-off, killing one member of the crew and suffering irreparable damage.[4]

Development

The Fury was delivered to Felixstowe on 31 October 1918,[5] its first flight taking place on 11 November with Porte at the controls.[2] Although conceived for military purposes, its first flight on Armistice Day meant focus was paid to the aircraft's civilian capabilities.[2]

The Fury's unstaggered wings comprised the 3-bay lower wings, mounted near to the top of the hull, and a pair of 4-bay upper wings of larger span; all were supported by pairs of vertical struts and diagonal cross-bracing. The original design specified three 600 hp (447 kW) Rolls Royce Condor engines, but these were not available and five 334 hp (249 kW) Rolls-Royce Eagle VII engines were fitted instead. These were mounted on the middle wing and supported by additional struts, configured as two outboard tandem tractor/pusher (push-pull) pairs and one central pusher. In addition to its triplane configuration, the Fury had a biplane tailplane with a triple rudder, mounted on a single vertical fin similar to the Curtiss triplane. Not unlike the Model T the Fury was initially provided with servo-motors for the main flight control surfaces, designed by Major Arthur Quilton Cooper,[6][7] but these were removed later without compromising the pilot's ability to control this large aircraft.[1] At some point the engines were replaced with the more powerful 334 hp (249 kW) Eagle VIIIs.

By 24 April 1919, flight testing progressed so well that the Fury was able to perform a 7-hour flight.[5] Flown initially with a designed weight of 24,000 lb its overload weight was 28,000 lb, the aircraft performed well at both limits.[1]

Operational history

With the intense competition in early 1919 to achieve the first transatlantic flight, it was planned to join other teams in the race by shipping the Fury to Cape Broyle, Newfoundland.[8][9][3] The intention being a non-stop flight, however the aircraft's size presented a problem as no vessel with a capacity large enough could be found as transport[3] and the project was officially opposed on grounds of expense, despite the crossing being well within the Fury's capabilities; fuel capacity was 1500 gallons (6819 litres).[10] The Air Ministry's preference to leave the non-stop achievement to a commercial venture, led to the abandonment of the attempt[3] about the third week of May 1919, when flight tests resumed.[9][11][3]

The first Atlantic crossing by the Curtiss NC-4 starting 8 May, reached Lisbon 27 May 1919 arriving in Plymouth on the 31st to great fanfare as the first flight from North America (United States, Canada, and Newfoundland) to Great Britain and Ireland. The first non-stop Atlantic crossing by Alcock and Brown followed a few weeks later using a modified Vickers Vimy landing in Clifden, Ireland 15 June.

A cutting from The Illustrated London News 16 August 1919, showing wreckage of the Fury being hauled toward a slipway at the Seaplane Experimental Station

Plans were then made for another long-distance flight, this time for the 8,000-mile (12,875 km) flight from England to Cape Town, South Africa via Gibraltar, Malta, Alexandria, Khartoum, Victoria Nyanza, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyassa, Beira and Durban.[3] This was due to start on 12 August 1919 from Plymouth;[12] refuelling and revictualling depots were establish throughout the journey supported by detailed meteorological reports.[3] Final preparations were being made on 11 August at Felixstowe when the aircraft side-slipped at low altitude and crashed at 90 mph shortly after take-off, breaking up on impact. The accident in the harbour, about 500 yards off-shore was witnessed by large crowds of holiday makers.[3][4]

Despite attempts at rescue,[3] one of the 7-person crew (wireless operator Lt S.E.S. McLeod), remained strapped to his seat and drowned.[4] The surviving crew members rescued by pinnaces[3] were: Officer in charge, Colonel T.S.M. Fellowes, Pilots, Major E.R. Moon and Captain C.L. Scott, chief engineer, Lt J.F. Armitt and mechanics, W/O J.G. Cockburn and W/O H.S. Locker.[12] McLeod's body was recovered after the rescue and the wreck was eventually towed ashore.[3][4]

The crash was a surprise as the Fury was subject to exhaustive tests in the 12 weeks prior to the flight, surpassing the crews expectations who had every confidence in the aircraft. Flight tests were in accordance with RAF safety margins, however Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice Marshal Hugh Trenchard regarded the journey as a service reliability test and no details of the project were published.[3]

The Felixstowe Fury was the last aircraft to be designed by Porte at Felixstowe; demobilised, he already left the Royal Air Force working with the Gosport Aircraft Company on their flying boats. Without Porte and Chief Technical Officer John Douglas Rennie to supervise, the Fury may have been loaded incorrectly. Major Moon at the controls apparently left the water before the safe flying speed and with insufficient power left to draw on, the aircraft stalled.[10]

Two months after the Fury's destruction Porte succumbed suddenly to pulmonary tuberculosis, dying on 22 October 1919, aged 35.[13]

Variants

Gosport G9

Unrealised commercial version of the Fury designed primarily for carrying mail and valuable cargo long distance over sea or ten passengers and three crew with a loaded weight of 28,000 lb. Fitted with three Rolls Royce Condor engines in a two tractor and one central pusher configuration - as originally intended for the Fury or two 1000 hp Cosmos Hercules engines. The design was similar to Porte's G5 variant of the Felixstowe F.5.[14][15]

Operators

 United Kingdom

Specifications Fury (at "Medium load")

Data from Bruce, J.M.[16]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

At least four Lewis guns[19] (2 bow, 2 dorsal)[2] and bombs - neither fitted

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Bruce, J.M. p.930
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chorlton, Martyn, ed. (2012). Aeroplane Collectors' Archive: Golden Age of Flying-boats. Kelsey Publishing Group, Cudham, Kent. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-907426-71-1.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Giant Seaplane Wrecked.". Taranaki Daily News. 1 November 1919. p. 9. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "British Seaplane Falls.; Wireless Operator Killed on Eve of Flight for South Africa." (PDF). The New York Times. 12 August 1919. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  5. 1 2 The Aerodrome Forum 2002 citing Royal Navy Aircraft and Serials
  6. ↑ The Aerodrome Forum
  7. ↑ The Aerodrome Forum
  8. ↑ "AIR MINISTRY PRODS BRITISH SEA FLIERS". New York Times. 24 April 1919. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  9. 1 2 "FLIERS AT ST. JOHN'S ARE STILL WAITING". New York Times. 9 May 1919. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  10. 1 2 Bruce, J.M. p.931
  11. ↑ "VIMY TRANSOCEAN TEAM NOT AFRAID OF NO. 13". New York Times. 5 June 1919. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  12. 1 2 "The 'Felixstowe Fury' Crash", Flight, vol. XI no. 333, p. 1096, 14 August 1919
  13. ↑ "Death" Flight 30 October 1919 p1427
  14. 1 2 3 "Some Gosport Flying Boats for 1920". Flight. 25 December 1919. pp. 1657–1658.
  15. ↑ Bruce, 1955 p.931
  16. ↑ Bruce, J.M. p.932.
  17. ↑ "'Felixstowe Fury' Crashed Into Sea". CXLVIII (No. 192). The Montreal Gazette. 12 August 1919. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  18. ↑ Rennie, Major John Douglas (1923). Pritchard, J. Laurence, ed. "SOME NOTES ON THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF FLYING BOATS". The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society. University of Toronto: Royal Aeronautical Society. XXVII: 137. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  19. ↑ King, Horace Frederick (1971). Armament of British Aircraft 1909-1939. Putnam. ISBN 9780370000572. Retrieved 25 September 2015.

References

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