Figure skating at the Olympic Games

Figure skating at the Olympic Games
Governing body ISU
Events 5 (men: 1; women: 1; mixed: 3)
Games

Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games. Men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating have been held most often. Ice dancing joined as a medal sport in 1976, after appearing as a demonstration event in 1968. A team event, with teams composed of one men's single skater, one ladies' single skater, one pair, and one ice dance duo, debuted at the 2014 Olympics.[1]

Special figures were contested at only one Olympics, in 1908. Synchronized skating has never appeared at the Olympics but aims to be included.[2]

Qualifying

The number of entries for the figure skating events at the Olympic Games is limited by a quota set by the International Olympic Committee. There are 30 participants in each singles events (ladies and men), 20 pairs, and 24 ice dance duos.

Skaters must represent a member nation of the International Skating Union and reach the age of fifteen before July 1 of the previous year. They are also required to be citizens of the country they are representing.[3] Competitors have until just before the Olympics to receive citizenship. Since nationality rules are less strict for the ISU Championships, sometimes skaters who have competed at World or European championships are not eligible for the Olympics.

80% of the Olympic spots (24 men/ladies, 19 dance couples, 16 pairs) are allotted to countries according to the results of the previous year's World Figure Skating Championships. A country may have a maximum of three entries per discipline. Countries earn two or three entries by earning points through their skaters' placements. The points are equal to the sum of the placements of the country's skaters (top two if they have three). If a country only has one skater/team, that skater/team must place in the top ten to earn two entries and in the top two to earn three entries. If a country has two skaters/teams, the combined placement of those teams must be 13 or less to qualify 3 entries, and 28 or less to qualify two entries. The remaining places are awarded to one skater/team each from countries that failed to get multiple places, in order of their skaters' placement in the world championships.

Following the World Championships, countries that have not qualified an entry in a particular discipline receive another opportunity in an international competition held in the autumn (usually the Nebelhorn Trophy) prior to the Olympic Games. Six spots are available in men's singles, six in ladies' singles, four in pairs, and five in ice dancing. At some Olympics, the host country is automatically entitled to one entry in each discipline, e.g. in 1994,[4] 2010,[5] and 2018 if minimum scores are achieved.[6] If a country receives a spot by being the host, one fewer spot is available in the autumn qualifying competition.

The selection of representatives is at the national governing body's discretion. Some countries rely on the results of their national championships while others have more varied criteria. This may include reaching a certain placement at the European Figure Skating Championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships.[4]

Events

Event 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 Years
Men's singles • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24
Men's special figures • 1
Ladies' singles • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24
Pairs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

24

Ice dancing • • • • • • • • • • • 11
Mixed team • 1
Total events 4 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5

Medal table

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  United States (USA) 15 16 18 49
2  Russia (RUS) 14 9 3 26
3  Soviet Union (URS) 10 9 5 24
4  Austria (AUT) 7 9 4 20
5  Great Britain (GBR) 5 3 7 15
6  Sweden (SWE) 5 3 2 10
7  Canada (CAN) 4 11 10 25
8  East Germany (GDR) 3 3 4 10
9  France (FRA) 3 2 7 12
10  Germany (GER) 3 2 3 8
11  Norway (NOR) 3 2 1 6
12  Unified Team (EUN) 3 1 1 5
13  Japan (JPN) 2 2 1 5
14  China (CHN) 1 2 4 7
15  United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 2 0 3
 Netherlands (NED) 1 2 0 3
17  Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1 3 5
18  Finland (FIN) 1 1 0 2
 South Korea (KOR) 1 1 0 2
20  Belgium (BEL) 1 0 1 2
 Ukraine (UKR) 1 0 1 2
22  Russian Empire (RU1) 1 0 0 1
23  Hungary (HUN) 0 2 4 6
24  Switzerland (SUI) 0 2 1 3
25  West Germany (FRG) 0 0 2 2
 Italy (ITA) 0 0 2 2
27  Kazakhstan (KAZ) 0 0 1 1
Total 86 85 85 256

Participating nations

Nation 08 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 Years
Argentina 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Armenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 3 2 - - 3
Australia - - - - - - - 3 2 6 - - - 2 2 2 4 3 2 4 2 1 1 4 14
Austria - - 4 9 2 12 10 4 8 6 10 8 3 6 3 - 2 1 - 1 - 1 2 4 19
Azerbaijan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 3 2 - 2 4
Belgium - 2 3 2 1 4 3 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 1 1 2 1 12
Belarus - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 2 2 1 - - 4
Brazil - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 4 3 5 - - 7
Canada - - 2 5 6 6 4 6 7 8 12 10 7 11 6 15 17 13 13 10 12 13 12 17 22
China - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 6 6 4 4 4 11 9 9 9 10
Chinese Taipei - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - 1 - - - - 3
Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 1 1 - - 4
Czechoslovakia - - 1 3 1 3 7 - 4 2 8 8 1 6 2 3 6 6 - - - - - - 15
Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 5 4 1 4 3 6
Denmark - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 1 - - - - 6
Estonia - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 3 5 2 8
Finland - 3 2 3 1 1 - 2 1 - - - - 1 2 - - 3 3 1 1 2 3 - 15
France - 2 5 3 2 - 3 2 3 4 5 5 5 1 1 5 6 12 9 14 8 8 8 9 22
Georgia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 3 1 4
Germany 3 - - 8 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - - 6 10 6 4 5 8 10 11
United Team of Germany - - - - - - - 8 4 11 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4
East Germany - - - - - - - - - - - 8 7 10 7 8 5 - - - - - - - 6
West Germany - - - - - - - - - - - 11 5 4 7 9 8 - - - - - - - 6
Great Britain 11 6 6 6 4 12 9 8 8 4 5 7 5 12 9 10 9 7 6 1 2 2 7 6 24
Hungary - - - - 4 7 6 6 2 - 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 5 3 2 2 5 3 - 18
Israel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 4 4 2 3 6
Italy - - - - - 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 7 2 3 4 7 - 6 9 7 9 11 18
Japan - - - - 2 5 - - - 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 5 6 4 7 4 6 8 10 17
Kazakhstan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 5 - - 2 2 4
South Korea - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 - 2 3 14
North Korea - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 6 - - - 4 1 - 4
Latvia - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 3 - - - - - 3
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 6
Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - 2
Mexico - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - - - - - - 2
Netherlands - - - - - - - 1 2 2 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 6
Norway - 6 1 3 1 4 3 4 - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 9
Philippines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 3 - 1 3 2 3 5 4 4 4 - 11
Romania - - - - - 3 - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 10
South Africa - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 3
Russia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 17 16 16 16 15 6
Russian Empire 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
Serbia and Montenegro - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1
Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 3 - 1 1 4
Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 1 1 2 - 5
Spain - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 - - 2 4 7
Sweden 4 4 1 1 2 1 - 2 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 2 2 1 - 1 - 1 1 2 19
Switzerland - 1 1 2 - 3 7 5 4 3 8 1 1 3 2 2 2 - 1 1 4 3 4 - 20
Turkey - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 3
Soviet Union - - - - - - - - - 4 4 10 10 16 16 17 17 - - - - - - - 8
Ukraine - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 10 11 11 7 6 6
Unified Team - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 - - - - - - 1
United States 1 2 3 6 12 9 9 10 10 12 12 12 11 15 14 18 16 16 12 13 14 16 15 15 24
Uzbekistan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2 4 3 1 1 6
Yugoslavia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 - - - - - - - 3
Skaters 21 26 29 51 39 84 64 63 59 71 88 96 67 105 83 112 128 133 129 145 143 147 146 149
Nations 6 8 11 12 13 17 12 15 15 14 15 17 18 18 20 20 26 28 28 37 31 35 31 30
Year 08 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 24

Medals per year

# Number of medals won by the NOC at these Games – NOC did not win medals at these Games NOC did not participate at these Games (in 1912, there was no figure skating)
NOC 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14[7] Total
 Austria (AUT) – 3 4 2 3 2 1 2 –1 1 1 –––––––––––20
 Belgium (BEL) – ––1 ––1 –– – ––––––––––––2
 Canada (CAN) – –––1 –2 –1 2 2 –1 1 –1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 25
 China (CHN) ––––1 1 1 2 2 –7
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) ––––––––1 –1 1 ––1 –1 5
 East Germany (GDR) 1 1 3 3 1 1 10
 Finland (FIN) – 1 1 –––––––––––––––––––––2
 France (FRA) – –1 1 1 ––1 ––1 1 1 ––––1 1 2 1 –––12
 Germany (GER) 2 ––2 1 ––1 ––1 1 8
 United Team of Germany (EUA) –1 2 3
 Great Britain (GBR) 6 1 1 ––1 1 1 –––––1 1 1 ––1 –––––15
 Hungary (HUN) – ––1 1 1 1 1 –––––1 –––––––––6
 Italy (ITA) – –––––––––––––––––––1 ––1 2
 Japan (JPN) – ––– ––––––––––1 –––1 2 1 5
 Kazakhstan (KAZ) –––––1 1
 Netherlands (NED) – – – ––––1 1 ––1 ––––––––––3
 Norway (NOR) – 3 –1 1 1 ––––––––––––––––––6
 Russia (RUS) 5 5 5 4 2 5 26
 Russian Empire (RU1) 1 1
 South Korea (KOR) –––––––––– 1 1 2
 Soviet Union (URS) ––1 2 3 4 4 5 5 24
 Sweden (SWE) 3 3 1 1 1 1 ––––––––––––––––––10
 Switzerland (SUI) – –1 –––1 ––––––––––––––1 ––3
 Ukraine (UKR) 1 ––1 ––2
 Unified Team (EUN) 5 5
 United States (USA) – 1 1 1 2 –1 4 5 4 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 48
 West Germany (FRG) 1 ––1 –– 2
Year 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 94 98 02 06 10 14 –

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.olympic.org/media?articlenewsgroup=-1&articleid=124134&searchpageipp=10&searchpage=1
  2. ↑ Chernoff, Allan (28 February 2013). "A Move to the Front of the Line". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ "2012 Constitution and General Regulations: Rule 108" (PDF). International Skating Union.
  4. 1 2 Hersh, Phil (26 January 1994). "Hard To Figure: No Norwegian Skaters". Chicago Tribune.
  5. ↑ "Special Regulations & Technical Rules" (PDF). International Skating Union. June 2008. pp. 36–38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010.
  6. ↑ "55th ISU Ordinary Congress". International Skating Union. 13 June 2014.
  7. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-olympics/2014/medals/sports/figure-skating#figure-skating

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