Financial services in Japan

Financial services in Japan refers to the services provided in Japan by the finance industry: banks, investment banks, insurance companies, credit card companies, consumer finance companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages.

Financial institutions

Japanese law defines several types of financial institutions:

The central bank (中央銀行), currently the Bank of Japan.
Commercial banks (市中銀行), divided into three types:
- Long-term credit banks (長期信用銀行), a defunct classification
- Trust banks (信託銀行)
- Ordinary banks (普通銀行), divided into four types:
  - Money center banks (都市銀行), those headquartered in Tokyo or Osaka and serving the entire country of Japan. Following the industry consolidation of the 1990s, this sector currently consists of three "megabanks" (Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation and Mizuho Financial Group) and three smaller banks (Aozora Bank, Resona Holdings and Shinsei Bank)
  - Regional banks (地方銀行)
  - Secondary regional banks (第二地方銀行)
  - Other banks, comprising a number of unofficial categories including:
    - Direct banks (ネット銀行)
    - Local retail subsidiaries of foreign banks (Citibank and Shinhan Bank)
Other government-chartered banks, which include:
- Japan Post Bank
- Development Bank of Japan
- Bridge banks (承継銀行), entities temporarily established by the government to take over the operations of failed banks

Foreign companies

There are over 50 foreign banks in Japan, including Citibank, JPMorgan Chase, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Credit Suisse, ABN AMRO, ING Group.

International ATMs

Both Japanese and foreign citizens may apply for an international ATM card corresponding to an interbank network such as Cirrus or PLUS. Foreign citizens need to show the Alien Registration Card for account creation.

Interbank ATMs are common throughout the country, especially in densely populated urban areas.

Liberalization

In April 2007, Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe asked Japan's financial regulator to draw up measures to relax the rules that separate banking and broking businesses .^[1]

References

↑ Nakamoto, Michiyo (2007-04-18). "Abe seeks to relax financial regulation". Financial Times.

Financial services in Asia

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States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan

Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau

Economy of Japan

History	Economic history of Japan Foreign commerce and shipping of Empire of Japan Agriculture in the Empire of Japan Japanese asset price bubble Japanese post-war economic miracle Lost Decade (Japan) Zaibatsu Nemawashi Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates Shūshin koyō Nenko System Salaryman Keiretsu Japanese management culture Standard of living in Japan Amakudari

Currency	Bank of Japan Banknotes of the Japanese yen Japan Mint Japanese yen National Printing Bureau Tokugawa coinage Scrip of Edo period Japan

Banking and Finance	Nikkei 225 Osaka Securities Exchange Tokyo Stock Exchange Financial services in Japan Japanese financial system Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan Capital flows in Japan

Government agencies	Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Japan External Trade Organization Development Bank of Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan)

Taxation & Labor market	Taxation in Japan National Tax Agency Labor market Labor unions in Japan

Energy	Energy in Japan Solar power in Japan List of power stations in Japan List of Japan natural gas companies

Rankings	International rankings of Japan

Industry	Construction industry of Japan Automotive industry in Japan Japanese employment law Japanese domestic market Transportation in Japan Manufacturing industries of Japan Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan Fishing industry in Japan Whaling in Japan Mining in Japan Consumer electronics in Japan Private enterprise in Japan Japanese public corporations Defense industry of Japan

Associations	Japan Business Federation Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

Other topics	Research and development in Japan Industrial policy of Japan Government-business relations in Japan Economic relations of Japan Exports National debt of Japan

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