Food Security Act of 1985

For Indian legislation, see National Food Security Act, 2013.

Food Security Act of 1985
Citations

Other short titles	Food for Progress Act of 1985 National Agricultural Policy Commission Act of 1985 National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1985 National Aquaculture Improvement Act of 1985 Pork Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1985 Watermelon Research and Promotion Act U.S. Farm Bill of 1985
Long title	An Act to extend and revise agricultural price support and related programs, to provide for agricultural export, resource conservation, farm credit, and agricultural research and related programs, to continue food assistance to low-income persons, to ensure consumers an abundance of food and fiber at reasonable prices, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)	FSA, BPRA
Nicknames	Beef Promotion and Research Act of 1985
Enacted by	the 99th United States Congress
Effective	December 23, 1985
Public law	99–198
Statutes at Large	99 Stat. 1354
Codification
Titles amended	7 U.S.C.: Agriculture
U.S.C. sections amended	7 U.S.C. ch. 35 § 1281 et seq. 7 U.S.C. ch. 35a, subch. I § 1421 et seq. 7 U.S.C. ch. 35a, subch. III § 1446 et seq. 7 U.S.C. ch. 26, subch. III § 608c 7 U.S.C. ch. 62 § 2901 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 2100 by Kika de la Garza (D–TX) on April 17, 1985 Committee consideration by House Agriculture, House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Passed the House on October 8, 1985 (282–141) Passed the Senate on November 23, 1985 (61–28, in lieu of S. 1714) Reported by the joint conference committee on December 17, 1985; agreed to by the House on December 18, 1985 (325–96) and by the Senate on December 18, 1985 (55–38) Signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on December 23, 1985
Major amendments
Technical Corrections to Food Security Act of 1985 Amendments

The Food Security Act of 1985 (P.L. 99-198, also known as the 1985 U.S. Farm Bill), a 5-year omnibus farm bill, allowed lower commodity price and income supports and established a dairy herd buyout program. This 1985 farm bill made changes in a variety of other USDA programs. Several enduring conservation programs were created, including sodbuster, swampbuster, and the Conservation Reserve Program.

Summary

Shortly after enactment, the Technical Corrections to Food Security Act of 1985 Amendments (P.L. 99-253 gave USDA discretion to require cross-compliance for wheat and feed grains instead of mandating them, changed acreage base calculations, and specified election procedures for local Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation committees. Technical changes and other modifications were enacted by the Food Security Improvements Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-260), including limiting the non-program crops that could be planted under the 50/92 provision, permitting haying and grazing on diverted wheat and feed grain acreage for a limited period in regions of distress, and increasing deductions taken from the price of milk received by producers to fund the dairy termination program (also called the whole herd buy-out) program. Again in 1986, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-509) made changes in the 1985 Act requiring advance deficiency payments to be made to producers of 1987 wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice crops at a minimum of 40% for wheat and feed grains and 30% for rice and upland cotton. The 1985 Act also amended the Farm Credit Act of 1971. Further commodity program changes were made in the FY1987 agricultural appropriations bill (P.L. 99-591). In addition to its funding provisions, P.L. 99-591 set the annual payment limitation at $50,000 per person for deficiency and paid land diversion payments, and included honey, resource adjustment (excluding land diversion), disaster, and Findley payments under a $250,000 aggregate payment limitation. Once again, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-203) not only set the 1988 fiscal year budget for agriculture and all federal agencies, but also set target prices for 1988 and 1989 program crops, established loan rates for program and non-program crops, and required a voluntary paid land diversion for feed grains. P.L. 100-203 further defined who could receive farm program payments by defining a “person” in terms of payment limitations.

References

This article incorporates public domain material from the Congressional Research Service document "Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition" by Jasper Womach.

United States federal agriculture legislation

Farm Bills	Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933) Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935 Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 Agricultural Act of 1948 Agricultural Act of 1949 Agricultural Act of 1954 Agricultural Act of 1956 Agricultural Act of 1961 Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 Agricultural Act of 1970 Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 Food Security Act of 1985 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Agricultural Act of 2014

Additional Legislation	Hatch Act of 1887 Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1905 Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1922 Cotton Futures Act (1914) Cotton Futures Act (1916) Grain Standards Act (1916) Wheat Price Guarantee Act (1919) Future Trading Act (1921) Grain Futures Act (1922) Capper–Volstead Act (1922) Agricultural Marketing Act (1929) Farm Credit Act of 1933 Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act (1934) Bankhead–Jones Act of 1935 Commodity Exchange Act (1936) Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (1937) Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 National Wool Act of 1954 Agricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967 Farm Credit Act of 1971 Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972 Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980 National Aquaculture Act of 1980 Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983 Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992 National Wool Act Amendments of 1993 Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000

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