Fort Canning Lighthouse

Fort Canning Lighthouse

Fort Canning Lighthouse
Singapore
Location Fort Canning Hill, Singapore
Coordinates 01°17′31.88″N 103°50′52.36″E / 1.2921889°N 103.8478778°E / 1.2921889; 103.8478778Coordinates: 01°17′31.88″N 103°50′52.36″E / 1.2921889°N 103.8478778°E / 1.2921889; 103.8478778
Year first constructed 1855 (first)
Year first lit 1903 (current)
Automated no
Deactivated 1958
Foundation 1-story basement
Construction skeletal tower
Tower shape square pyramidal with balcony and lantern
Markings / pattern white tower and lantern
Height 24.3 metres (80 ft)
Focal height 36.3 metres (119 ft)
Original lens dioptric occulting 3 in 17 seconds
Intensity white and red 20,000 cd
Range 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi)
Characteristic decoration light
ARLHS number SIN-007[1]

Fort Canning Lighthouse also known as Fort Canning Light is located on top of Fort Canning Hill and was formerly one of the 13 important lighthouses in the Straits of Malacca.[2] Located nearby with The Flagstaff and the Time Ball, the three navigation structures played an essential role during the early maritime history of Singapore.[3]

History

Fort Canning Hill, with its strategic location overlooking the Singapore Harbour, was used as a communication centre after the British established port here in 1819. The first communication facility built on the hill was a flagstaff. The flagstaff was used to display the arrival, identity, location and status of ships entering Singapore Harbour. This was followed by a time ball, a lighthouse and a telegraph office in later years.[4]

Construction

Fort Canning Lighthouse was built on the southern side of Fort Canning Hill to guide ships safely towards the Singapore Harbour. The first signal light on Fort Canning was a simple lantern attached to the top of the Flagstaff in 1855. The Flagstaff light was replaced by the Lighthouse in 1903 by Riley, Hargreaves & Co., who in 1909 combined with another company to form United Engineers that is still present to this day at nearby River Valley.

The light was created by a burner fuelled by kerosene, which generated 20,000 candlepower and itself was dioptric occulting type. The light was "eclipsed" (darkened) every 17 seconds by lowering a metal cylinder around the burner for 3 seconds, thus giving rise to the term "occulting type".[5] Though the Lighthouse survived the destruction of the Second World War, it was finally closed and dismantled on December 1958, when new tall buildings were making it invisible from the sea. It was replaced by a new signal light using electricity that was erected on top of the Fullerton Building. The Fullerton Light was itself taken down in 1979 and is now in the Maritime Museum of Singapore.[5]

The Lighthouse today

Due to its historic significance, a replica of the Lighthouse was later erected near its original site by the government of Singapore.[6] Though its lights are fully functional, it no longer serves its original purpose but stands today as a legacy of its contribution to Singapore maritime history.

See also


References

  1. ↑ Fort Canning The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved March 21, 2016
  2. ↑ "Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources". Cornell University Library. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
  3. ↑ "Fort Canning Park". Singapore Infopedia. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
  4. ↑ National Heritage Board, "Fort Canning Hill as a communication centre" (On-site information board).
  5. 1 2 National Heritage Board, "The Lighthouse" (On-site information board).
  6. ↑ "Official Opening of Raffles Terrace at Fort Canning". Ministry Of National Development, Singapore. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
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