Fritz Cremer

The Buchenwald memorial

Fritz Cremer (1906, Arnsberg, Westphalia - 1993) was a German sculptor.

Biography

Of catholic extraction, Cremer turned to communism in the 1920s.

After having apprenticed (1922-1925) and then worked as a stone-cutter in Essen, in 1929 he received a stipend from the city to study at the Vereinigte Staatsschulen für freie und angewandete Kunst (United State School for Fine and Applied Art), in Berlin.[1] One of his teachers there was Wilhelm Gerstel, under whom he became a master student, from 1934 to 1938.[1] He received a government grant for the German academy in Rome, Villa Massimo, from 1937 to 1938.

His communist past, possibly not particularly spectacular in terms of political action, seems not to have been taken into account the Nazi regime; but this is by no means a singular case since talents of all kinds were sought after and employed in the culture industries as long as they kept quiet about their former political options. Cremer served as a soldier from 1940 to 1944, spending an extended leave in Rome where the German Academy had been taken over by the German army. In 1946, vouched for by his party comrades, he got a professorship and the chair of sculpture department of the Academy for Applied Art in Vienna.

During his time in Austria, Cremer designed two memorials for the victims of fascism, a small one for the French prisoners at Mauthausen and a very important and controversial one at the central cemetery of Vienna. Controversy was sparked off by the memorial's dedication to the victims of Fascism as from 1934, the year that an authoritarian regime accepted by the Catholic Church took power in Austria.

In 1950, Cremer moved to the German Democratic Republic and took over the master class at the Academy of the Arts, later serving as vice-president from 1974 to 1983. His most important work by far during his earlier life in the GDR is his 1958 bronze sculpture "Revolt of the Prisoners" (Revolte der Gefangenen); set in front of a bell tower, high up in the hills above Weimar, the grouping of 11 figures, some gesturing triumphantly, forms the focal point of a memorial at the site of the former concentration camp of Buchenwald.[2][3]

A further memorial at Mauthausen was commissioned from Cremer by the German Democratic Republic's Association of Victims of Fascism in the mid-1960s. This memorial dominates a pivotal area of the former concentration camp, the access road to the stone quarries where most of the camp's victims died.

Cremer was respected in the GDR because he sometimes spoke up against the communist regime's stubborn denial of modernism and artistic liberty; he was never censored since no doubt seems ever to have been cast on his political sincerity. Part of his authority, of course, was due to his decision to move to the East and to denounce Western policies during the Cold War.

A good example of his intransigency, comparable to that of the right-wing caricaturist A. Paul Weber in West Germany, was the widely distributed and quite masterly cycle of lithographs in which he denounced the Hungarian rebellion, shortly after the event.

Cremer was an excellent draughtsman; his prints and drawings are sometimes far more interesting than his later works of sculpture, from the 1970s onwards.

References

  1. 1 2 "Fritz Cremer, 1906-1993" (German). Lebendiges Museum Online. Retrieved 2016-03-26.
  2. ↑ Monteath, Peter (2013). "Holocaust Remembrance in the German Democratic Republic – and Beyond." In: John-Paul Himka and Joanna Beata Michlic (Eds.), Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 223-260; here: p. 232-234. Available via Project Muse: (subscription required).
  3. ↑ Koshar, Rudy (2000). From Monuments to Traces: Artifacts of German Memory, 1870-1990. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 215.

See also

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