GOLM1
| GOLM1 | |||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | GOLM1, C9orf155, GOLPH2, GP73, HEL46, PSEC0257, bA379P1.3, golgi membrane protein 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 1917329 HomoloGene: 12346 GeneCards: GOLM1 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||||
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 9: 86.03 – 86.1 Mb | Chr 13: 59.63 – 59.68 Mb | |||||||||||||||
| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||||||||
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| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) also known as Golgi phosphoprotein 2 or Golgi membrane protein GP73 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLM1 gene.[3][4][5] Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene.
Function
The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II Golgi transmembrane protein. It processes protein synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assists in the transport of protein cargo through the Golgi apparatus. The expression of this encoded protein has been observed to be upregulated in response to viral infection.[5]
Clinical significance
Golgi membrane protein 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer[6][7] and lung adenocarcinoma tissue.[8]
Blood levels of GP73 are higher in patients with liver cancer than in healthy individuals. In addition, levels were not significantly higher in patients with diseases other than liver disease. The current blood test used to screen for early tumors in people at high risk for liver cancer involves the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Patients who are at risk for non-metastatic, or primary, liver cancer typically have chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis. Such cases of cirrhosis are usually due to infection caused by infectious hepatitis (usually hepatitis B or hepatitis C, though there are other strains), or because of degenerative fatty liver disease (which can be especially severe in those with alcoholism). However, the AFP test is not usually sensitive enough to detect liver cancer in time and it often generates false positives. So far, the blood samples of more than 1,000 patients with various stages of liver and non-liver disease have been tested for the presence of GP73 in several studies. Several medical diagnostic companies are in the process of developing automated serum tests for the protein that could be performed in routine hospital laboratories.[9]
References
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ Kladney RD, Bulla GA, Guo L, Mason AL, Tollefson AE, Simon DJ, Koutoubi Z, Fimmel CJ (Jul 2000). "GP73, a novel Golgi-localized protein upregulated by viral infection". Gene. 249 (1-2): 53–65. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00136-0. PMID 10831838.
- ↑ Varambally S, Laxman B, Mehra R, Cao Q, Dhanasekaran SM, Tomlins SA, Granger J, Vellaichamy A, Sreekumar A, Yu J, Gu W, Shen R, Ghosh D, Wright LM, Kladney RD, Kuefer R, Rubin MA, Fimmel CJ, Chinnaiyan AM (Oct 2008). "Golgi protein GOLM1 is a tissue and urine biomarker of prostate cancer". Neoplasia. 10 (11): 1285–94. PMC 2570605
. PMID 18953438. - 1 2 "Entrez Gene: GOLPH2 golgi phosphoprotein 2".
- ↑ Laxman B, Morris DS, Yu J, et al. (February 2008). "A first-generation multiplex biomarker analysis of urine for the early detection of prostate cancer". Cancer Res. 68 (3): 645–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-3224. PMC 2998181. PMID 18245462.
- ↑ Wei, S.; Dunn, T. A.; et al. (2008). "GOLPH2 and MYO6: Putative prostate cancer markers localized to the Golgi apparatus". The Prostate. 68: 1387–1395. doi:10.1002/pros.20806. PMID 18543251.
- ↑ Zhang F, Gu Y, Li X, Wang W, He J, Peng T (2010). "Up-regulated Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2)expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissue.". Clinical Biochemistry. 43 (12): 983–991. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.05.010. PMID 20501332.
- ↑ "New biomarker could lead to the world's first reliable test for liver cancer". Loyola Medicine News Release. Loyola University Medical Center. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Further reading
- Kladney RD, Cui X, Bulla GA, et al. (2002). "Expression of GP73, a resident Golgi membrane protein, in viral and nonviral liver disease.". Hepatology. 35 (6): 1431–40. doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.32525. PMID 12029628.
- Bauer K, Zemlin M, Hummel M, et al. (2002). "Diversification of Ig heavy chain genes in human preterm neonates prematurely exposed to environmental antigens.". J. Immunol. 169 (3): 1349–56. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1349. PMID 12133958.
- Puri S, Bachert C, Fimmel CJ, Linstedt AD (2003). "Cycling of early Golgi proteins via the cell surface and endosomes upon lumenal pH disruption.". Traffic. 3 (9): 641–53. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2002.30906.x. PMID 12191016.
- Kladney RD, Tollefson AE, Wold WS, Fimmel CJ (2002). "Upregulation of the Golgi protein GP73 by adenovirus infection requires the E1A CtBP interaction domain.". Virology. 301 (2): 236–46. doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1523. PMID 12359426.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID 12754519.
- Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, et al. (2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome.". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. PMID 16169070.
- Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, et al. (2007). "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries.". DNA Res. 12 (2): 117–26. doi:10.1093/dnares/12.2.117. PMID 16303743.
- Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952.
- Ramachandran P, Boontheung P, Xie Y, et al. (2006). "Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry.". J. Proteome Res. 5 (6): 1493–503. doi:10.1021/pr050492k. PMID 16740002.
- Bachert C, Fimmel C, Linstedt AD (2007). "Endosomal trafficking and proprotein convertase cleavage of cis Golgi protein GP73 produces marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.". Traffic. 8 (10): 1415–23. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00621.x. PMID 17662025.
- Gu Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Chen L, Peng T (2009). "Quantitative analysis of elevated serum Golgi protein-73 expression in patients with liver diseases.". Ann. Clin. Biochem. 46 (1): 38–43. doi:10.1258/acb.2008.008088. PMID 19008260.
- Zhou Y, Li L, Hu L, Peng T (2010). "Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2/GP73/GOLM1) interacts with secretory clusterin.". Mol Biol Rep. 38 (3): 1457–1462. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0251-7. PMID 20842452.