George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen

"George Goschen" redirects here. For his son, see George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen.

The Right Honourable The Viscount Goschen PC


Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office 26 January – 26 June 1866
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl Russell
Preceded by	The Earl of Clarendon
Succeeded by	Thomas Edward Taylor
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office 14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded by	Lord Randolph Churchill
Succeeded by	Sir William Vernon Harcourt
Personal details
Born	10 August 1831 (2016-12-09UTC03:04:38) London
Died	7 February 1907(1907-02-07) (aged 75)
Nationality	British
Political party	Liberal Liberal Unionist Conservative
Alma mater	Oriel College, Oxford

George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen (10 August 1831 – 7 February 1907) was a British statesman and businessman best remembered for being "forgotten" by Lord Randolph Churchill. He was initially a Liberal, then a Liberal Unionist before joining the Conservative Party by the time of the 1895 General Election.

While Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 1888 he introduced the Goschen formula to allocate funding for Scotland and Ireland.

Background, education and business career

He was born in London the son of William Henry Goschen, a merchant of German extraction. He was educated at Rugby under Tait, and at Oriel College, Oxford, where he took a first in classics. He entered his father's firm of Fruhling & Goschen, of Austin Friars, in 1853, and three years later became a director of the Bank of England.

Political career, 1863–1885

In 1863 he was returned without opposition as one of the four MPs for the City of London in the Liberal interest, and he was reelected in 1865. In November of the same year he was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade and Paymaster-General, and in January 1866 he was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with a seat in the cabinet. When Gladstone became prime minister in December 1868, Goschen joined the cabinet as President of the Poor Law Board, until March 1871, when he succeeded Childers as First Lord of the Admiralty. In the 1874 general election he was the only Liberal returned for the City of London, and by a narrow majority. Being sent to Cairo in 1876 as delegate for the British holders of Egyptian bonds in 1876, he concluded an agreement with the Khedive in order to arrange for the conversion of the debt.

In 1878 his views on the county franchise question prevented him from voting consistently with his party. With the City of London becoming more Conservative, Goschen did not stand there at the 1880 general election, but was instead returned for Ripon in Yorkshire, which he represented until 1885, when he was returned for the Eastern Division of Edinburgh. He declined to join Gladstone's government in 1880 and also refused the post of Viceroy of India, but he did become special ambassador to the Porte, where he settled the Montenegrin and Greek frontier questions in 1880 and 1881. He was made an Ecclesiastical Commissioner in 1882. When Sir Henry Brand was raised to the peerage in 1884, Goschen was offered the role of Speaker of the House of Commons, but he declined. During the parliament of 1880–1885 he frequently found himself at odds with his party, especially over franchise extension and questions of foreign policy. When Gladstone adopted Home Rule for Ireland, Goschen followed Lord Hartington (afterwards 8th Duke of Devonshire) and became one of the most active of the Liberal Unionists. He failed to retain his seat for Edinburgh at the election in July of that year.

Political career, 1885–1895

On the resignation of Lord Randolph Churchill in December 1886, Goschen, though a Liberal Unionist, accepted Lord Salisbury's invitation to join his ministry as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Churchill had assumed he could not be replaced, and famously commented that he had "forgotten Goschen" was a potential alternative. Goschen needed a seat in Parliament and so first stood in a by-election in the Liverpool Exchange constituency, but was defeated by seven votes in January 1887. He was then elected for the strongly Conservative St George's, Hanover Square, in February. His chancellorship was memorable for his successful conversion of the National Debt in 1888. He also introduced the first UK road tax, implemented in the form of two vehicle duties, on locomotives and carts.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The University of Aberdeen again conferred upon him the honour of the rectorship in 1888, he received an honorary LL.D from the University of Cambridge in the same year,^[4] and he received a similar honour from the University of Edinburgh in 1890.

Following the defeat of Salisbury's government in 1892, Goschen moved into opposition. Though he had been a leading Liberal Unionist as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Goschen did not stand against Joseph Chamberlain for the leadership of the party in 1892 following the departure of Hartington to the House of Lords as the Duke of Devonshire. Unable to work with Chamberlain, Goschen left the Liberal Unionists and joined the Conservatives in 1893. One obvious sign of his change of allegiance within the Unionist alliance was when he joined the exclusively Conservative Carlton Club in the same year.

Political career, 1895–1907

Caricature from Punch, 13 August 1881: "This is a Joke-'im picture of a Wise Man from the East, at present ascertaining which way the wind blows"

From 1895 to 1900 Goschen was First Lord of the Admiralty. He retired in 1900 and was raised to the peerage as Viscount Goschen of Hawkhurst, Kent. Though retired from active politics he continued to take a great interest in public affairs, and when Chamberlain started his tariff reform movement in 1903, Lord Goschen was one of the weightiest champions of free trade on the Unionist side.

Other public positions

In educational subjects Goschen had always taken the greatest interest, his best known, but by no means his only, contribution to popular culture being his participation in the University Extension Movement. His first efforts in parliament were devoted to advocating the abolition of religious tests and the admission of Dissenters to the universities. His published works indicate how ably he combined the wise study of economics with a practical instinct for business-like progress, without neglecting the more ideal aspects of human life. In addition to his well-known work on The Theory of the Foreign Exchanges, he published several financial and political pamphlets and addresses on educational and social subjects, among them being that on Cultivation of the Imagination, Liverpool, 1877, and that on Intellectual Interest, Aberdeen, 1888. He was President of the Royal Statistical Society, 1886-8.

He also wrote a biography of his grandfather, The Life and Times of George Joachim Goschen, publisher and printer of Leipzig (1903). This culminated a long-standing project to refute allegations of Jewish ancestry,^[5] giving his earliest ascertainable ancestor as a Lutheran pastor named Joachimus Gosenius, recorded in 1609.^[6] (It did not apparently prevent his family being classed as of Jewish origin in the German genealogical work known as The Semi Gotha, first published 1913.)^[7]

Goschen died on 7 February 1907 and was succeeded by his son George Joachim (1866–1952), who was Conservative M.P. for East Grinstead from 1895 to 1900 and married a daughter of Lord Cranbrook.

Cultural references

Goschen appears as a minor character in the historical-mystery novel Stone's Fall, by Iain Pears.
He is referenced in the poem 'Away from It All' by New Zealand poet A. R. D. Fairburn:

I want to leave behind me all rancid emotion.
I want to be alone. I want to forget Goschen.^[1]

^ A. R. D. Fairburn. "'Away from It All'". Retrieved 11 April 2015.

References

↑ "The speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer". The Times. 27 March 1888.
↑ "The Excise Duties (Local)". The Times. 27 March 1888.
↑ "Car tax disc to be axed after 93 years". BBC News. 5 December 2013.
↑ "Goschen, George Joachim (GSCN888GJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
↑ Spinner, Jnr, Thomas J. (1973). George Joachim Goschen: The Transformation of a Victorian Liberal. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
↑ Goschen, George Joachim (1903). The Life and Times of Georg Joachim Goschen, printer of Leipzig 1752–1828, Volume 1. p. 3.
↑ Chivalric Orders website, which notes the veracity of some of the genealogies contained are questioned by scholars.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Goschen.

Wikisource has original works written by or about:
George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Viscount Goschen
Portraits of George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen at the National Portrait Gallery, London
"Goschen, George Joachim (GSCN888GJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
"Archival material relating to George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen". UK National Archives.
Works by or about George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Baron Lionel de Rothschild Sir James Duke, Bt Robert Wigram Crawford Western Wood	Member of Parliament for City of London 1863–1880 With: Robert Wigram Crawford 1863–1874 Sir James Duke, Bt 1863–1865 Baron Lionel de Rothschild 1863–1868 William Lawrence 1865–1874 Charles Bell 1868–1869 Baron Lionel de Rothschild 1869–1874 William Cotton 1874–1880 Philip Twells 1874–1880 John Hubbard 1874–1880	Succeeded by John Hubbard William Cotton William Lawrence Sir Robert Nicholas Fowler
Preceded by Frederick Oliver Robinson	Member of Parliament for Ripon 1880–1885	Succeeded by William Harker
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Edinburgh East 1885–1886	Succeeded by Robert Wallace
Preceded by Lord Algernon Percy	Member of Parliament for St George, Hanover Square 1887–1900	Succeeded by Heneage Legge
Political offices
Preceded by Sir William Hutt	Paymaster-General 1865–1866	Succeeded by William Monsell
Preceded by The Earl of Clarendon	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1866	Succeeded by The Earl of Devon
Preceded by The Earl of Devon	President of the Poor Law Board 1868–1871	Succeeded by James Stansfeld
Preceded by Hugh Childers	First Lord of the Admiralty 1871–1874	Succeeded by George Ward Hunt
Preceded by The Lord Randolph Churchill	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1887–1892	Succeeded by Sir William Harcourt
Preceded by The Earl Spencer	First Lord of the Admiralty 1895–1900	Succeeded by The Earl of Selborne
Academic offices
Preceded by Marquess of Lothian	Rector of the University of Edinburgh 1890–1893	Succeeded by Baron Robertson
Preceded by Marquess of Salisbury	Chancellor of the University of Oxford 1903–1907	Succeeded by Baron Curzon of Kedleston
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New title	Viscount Goschen 1900–1907	Succeeded by George Joachim Goschen

Chancellors of the Exchequer

of England	Eustace of Fauconberg Maunsell Leicestre Westminster Chishull W. Giffard G. Giffard Chishull de la Leye Willoughby Benstead Sandale Hotham Stanton Harvington Wodehouse Stratford Ashby Ashton Barnham Somer Somerset Browne Witham Thwaites Witham Fowler Catesby Lovell Berners Cromwell Baker Sackville Mildmay Fortescue Dunbar Caesar Greville Portland Barrett Cottington Colepeper Hyde Ashley Duncombe Ernle Delamer Hampden Montagu Smith Boyle

of Great Britain	Boyle Smith Harley Benson Wyndham Onslow Walpole Stanhope Aislabie Pratt Walpole Sandys Pelham Lee Bilson-Legge Lyttelton Bilson-Legge Mansfield Bilson-Legge Barrington Dashwood Grenville Dowdeswell Townshend North Cavendish Pitt Cavendish Pitt Addington Pitt Ellenborough Petty Perceval Vansittart

of the United Kingdom	Vansittart Robinson Canning Tenterden Herries Goulburn Althorp Denman Peel Spring Rice Baring Goulburn Wood Disraeli Gladstone Lewis Disraeli Gladstone Disraeli Hunt Lowe Gladstone Northcote Gladstone Childers Hicks Beach Harcourt R. Churchill Goschen Harcourt Hicks Beach Ritchie A. Chamberlain Asquith Lloyd George McKenna Law A. Chamberlain Horne Baldwin N. Chamberlain Snowden W. Churchill Snowden N. Chamberlain Simon Wood Anderson Dalton Cripps Gaitskell Butler Macmillan Thorneycroft Heathcoat-Amory Lloyd Maudling Callaghan Jenkins Macleod Barber Healey Howe Lawson Major Lamont Clarke Brown Darling Osborne Hammond

Italic: Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as Lord Chief Justice

Paymasters General

Parnell Stanley Knatchbull Baring Macaulay Granville Stanley Colchester Stanley Pleydell-Bouverie Lowe Donoughmore Lovaine Wilson Cowper Hutt Goschen Monsell Cave Dufferin Childers Adam Cave Plunket Wolverton Beauchamp Thurlow Beauchamp Brownlow Jersey Windsor Seale-Hayne Hopetoun Marlborough Crossley Causton Ashby Strachie Newton Henderson Compton-Rickett Walters vacant Chamberlain Joynson-Hicks Boyd-Carpenter Gosling vacant Sutherland Onslow Arnold vacant Walters Rochester Hutchison Munster Winterton vacant Cranborne vacant Hankey Jowitt Cherwell vacant Greenwood Marquand Addison Macdonald Cherwell Selkirk vacant Monckton Maulding Mills Brooke Boyd-Carpenter Wigg vacant Shackleton Hart Lever Eccles Macmillan Dell Williams A. Maude Pym Parkinson Gummer Clarke Brooke Caithness Ryder Belstead Cope Heathcoat-Amory Willetts Bates Robinson Primarolo Jowell F. Maude Hancock

Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society

19th century	1834–1836 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838 Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840 The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842 Viscount Sandon 1842–1843 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845 Lord Ashley 1845–1847 The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849 The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851 The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853 The Lord Overstone 1853–1855 The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857 The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859 Lord Stanley 1859–1861 Lord John Russell 1861–1863 Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865 William Henry Sykes 1865–1867 The Lord Houghton 1867–1869 William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871 William Newmarch 1871–1873 William Farr 1873–1875 William Guy 1875–1877 James Heywood 1877–1879 George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880 Thomas Brassey 1880–1882 James Caird 1882–1884 Robert Giffen 1884–1886 Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888 George Goschen 1888–1890 Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892 Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894 Charles Booth 1894–1896 The Lord Farrer 1896–1897 John Biddulph Martin 1897 Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899 Leonard Courtney 1899–1900 Henry Fowler 1900–1902 The Lord Avebury

20th century	1902–1904 Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905 Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906 The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907 Richard Martin 1907–1909 Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910 Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912 Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914 Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915 The Lord Welby 1915–1916 Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918 Bernard Mallet, Registrar General 1918–1920 Herbert Samuel 1920–1922 R. Henry Rew 1922–1924 The Lord Emmott 1924–1926 Udny Yule 1926–1928 The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930 A. William Flux 1930–1932 Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934 The Lord Meston 1934–1936 Major Greenwood 1936–1938 The Lord Kennet 1938–1940 Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941 Henry William Macrosty 1941 Hector Leak 1941–1943 William Beveridge 1943–1945 Charles Ernest Snow 1945–1947 The Lord Woolton 1947–1949 David Heron 1949–1950 Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952 Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954 Ronald Fisher 1954–1955 The Lord Piercy 1955–1957 Egon Pearson 1957–1959 Harry Campion 1959–1960 Hugh Beaver 1960–1962 Maurice Kendall 1962–1964 Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965 Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966 L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967 M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968 Frank Yates 1968–1969 Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970 R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971 Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972 George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973 Harold Wilson 1973–1974 D. J. Finney 1974–1975 Henry Daniels 1975–1977 Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978 Henry Wynn 1978–1980 Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982 David Cox 1982–1984 Peter Armitage 1984–1985 Walter Bodmer 1985–1986 John Nelder 1986–1987 James Durbin 1987–1989 John Kingman 1989–1991 Peter G. Moore 1991–1993 T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995 D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997 Adrian Smith 1997–1999 R. N. Curnow 1999–2001 Denise Lievesley

21st century	2001–2003 Peter Green 2003–2005 Andy Grieve 2005–2007 Tim Holt 2008–2009 David Hand 2010–2010 Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replaced pro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012 Valerie Isham 2013–John Pullinger

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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 41976784 LCCN: n82154960 ISNI: 0000 0001 1025 6040 GND: 119487551 SUDOC: 097709425 BNF: cb130895610 (data) NLA: 36289650 NDL: 00767759 NKC: mub2014815853

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