Goobang National Park

Goobang National Park
New South Wales
IUCN category II (national park)

The view south-west from Caloma lookout
Goobang National Park
Nearest town or city Parkes
Coordinates 32°41′08″S 148°20′10″E / 32.68556°S 148.33611°E / -32.68556; 148.33611Coordinates: 32°41′08″S 148°20′10″E / 32.68556°S 148.33611°E / -32.68556; 148.33611
Established 22 December 1995 (1995-12-22)
Area 421 km2 (162.5 sq mi)
Managing authorities New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service
Website Goobang National Park
See also Protected areas of
New South Wales

Goobang is a national park in New South Wales, Australia, 296 km northwest of Sydney. It protects the largest remnant forest and woodland in the central west region of the state, where interior and coastal NSW flora and fauna species overlap.[1][2] Originally named Herveys Range by John Oxley in 1817, the area was reserved in 1897 as state forest because of its importance as a timber resource, and was designated a national park in 1995.

The park contains a camping ground and a hiking trail, Burrabadine Peak Walking Track, a 3.6 km round trip moderate hike.

Climate

Goobang National Park is in a temperate to semi-arid zone experiencing hot summers and cool winters with temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 15 °C in winter and 17 °C to 32 °C in summer. The heaviest rain fall is in the summer and can range from 645 mm on the east side of the ranges to 564 mm west of the ranges.[3]

Flora

There are 459 species recorded in the park, several that are threatened.[4] Tylophora linearis is listed as vulnerable according to the TCS ACT 1995 and endangered according to the EPBC ACT 1999. Eriostemon ericifolius is vulnerable based on TCS ACT 1995 and Astrotricha linearis only known record west of the Great Dividing Range.[5] Pomaderris queeslandica endangered TSC ACT 1995 and Philotheca ericifoia vulnerable EPBC ACT 1999.[6]

There are 135 ecological communities in the South West Slope bioregion, most are considered poorly protected.(4) There are 11 ecological communities in the park, five of which are only protected at Goobang. These include red stringybark (Eucalyptus macrorhyncha) woodland found on siliceous hillslopes of the Hervey Range. Red stringybark (Eucalyptus macrorhyncha), long leaved box (Eucalyptus goniocalyx) black cypress pine (Callitris endicher), hummock grass (Triodia scariosa), shrubby low woodland found on siliceous volcanic and sedimentary ranges. Red ironbark (Eucalyptus fibrosa) in association with black cypress (Callitris endlicheri) shrubby woodland found on shallow sandy soils derived from sandstone. Red ironbark (Eucalyptus fibrosa), red stringybark (Eucalyptus macrorhyncha) tumbledown gum (Eucalyptus dealbata) heathland found on siliceous ridges and scribbly gum (Eucalyptus rosii) dominated open forest in association with black cypress pine and red ironbark.[7]

A further four communities that are protected in Goobang are considered to be of significance. Mugga ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon), black cypress, red stringybark, Blakely’s red gum (Eucalyptus blakelyi) and red ironbark woodland which are found on hillslopes and in valleys on the ranges. Buloke (Allocasuarina leuhnannii) and white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) woodlandis found on alkaline soils. Riparian Blakely’s red gum, apple box (Eucalyptus bridesana), yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) and occasionally inland grey box (Eucalyptus macrocarpa), with shrub, sedge and grass tall open forest in valleys. White box (Eucalyptus albens), with black cypress and red gum (Eucalyptus polyanthemos) shrubby woodlands in the hills.[8]

Fire

Fires are an intrinsic feature of the Australian bush, to ensure continual biodiversity prescribed burns are carried out at the appropriate times within the park. Wildfires at Goobang have occurred due to dry lightning strikes in the hot summer months. There have been 52 wildfires recorded since 1942.[9]

Fauna

There are 31 species of reptiles, 14 species of frogs and 31 species of mammals recorded in the park including echidnas, wallaby, kangaroos, possums and bats as well as exotics such as rabbits, cats, foxes, goats, sheep and dogs. Threatened species include carpet python (Morelia spilotes), Sloane’s froglet (Crinia sloanei), koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), brush tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale pencicllata), grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), yellow-bellied sheathtail bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris), Corben’s long eared bat (Nyetophilus corbeni and New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) ( Goobang National Park plan of management [10]

Avifauna

It is becoming evident that due to clearing of eucalyptus forests that woodland birds are on the decline.[11] Birds of significance that have been sighted at Goobang are varied sittella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera) painted honeyeater (Grantiella picta), black-chinned honeyeater (Melithreptus gularis), regent honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia), Norfolk robin (Petroica multicolor), flame robin (Petrocia phoenice), hooded robin (Melanodryas cucullata), Gilbert's whistler (Pachycephala inornata), diamond firetail (Emblema guttata) grey-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus temporalis), speckled warbler (Chthonicola saggitatus), brown treecreeper (Climacteris picumnus), glossy black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami), superb parrot (Polytellis swainsonii), little lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla), turquoise parrot (Neophema pulchella), spotted harrier (Circus assimilis), barking owl (Ninox connivens), black falcon (Falco subniger), and little eagle (Heiraaetus morphnoides).[12]

Environmental threats

Feral animals

Feral animals pose a huge threat to native species due to predation, disease and competition. Feral cats for example have been responsible for reduced numbers and extinction of small mammals and birds.[13]) Rabbits pose a threat to the survival of tree seedlings competition with native herbivores.[14]

Environmental weeds

Weeds such as blackberry are significant as far as causing havoc with in the natural environment forming large thickets blocking creeks suppressing native ground covers and providing a hiding spot for feral animals such as rabbits.[15] Exotic grasses, pastures and weeds have replaced native undergrowth in most of the scattered white box communities.[16]

Agriculture practices

Grazing in and around remnant woodlands.[17] Clearing of native vegetation that might act as connective corridors between the park and any other patchy native landscapes.[18]

Human – induced climate change

Species that require specialized niches and or cannot disperse and effectively colonize suitable habitat will be affected if this current trend of human induced climate change continues. It is estimated that 52% of the already declining population of frogs and 35% of birds will be affected.[19] Koalas are listed by the IUCN as one of the top 10 species to become extinct. Koala populations are already at risk because of habitat modification and chlamydia. Increasing CO2 levels will affect the nutrient availability of eucalyptus leaves further weakening koala populations, increased frequency of droughts and bushfire will force koalas to seek new habitats, exposing them to the dangers of predation and injury from traffic.[20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ LeBreton, M., Faulkner, W. and Ellis, M. (2002). Frogs and Reptiles of Goobang and Nangar National Parks, central western New South Wales. Herpetofauna 32(1):13-25
  2. ↑ Faulkner, W., Lebreton, M. and Ellis, M. (1997). Fauna Survey of Goobang and Nangar National Parks. (NSWNPWS, Dubbo).
  3. ↑ Goobang National Park plan of management (2001
  4. ↑ Goobang National Park plan of management (2001
  5. ↑ GOOBANG Vegetation Survey, Data from the Atlas of NSW database: VIS flora survey module, Version 11 /2013
  6. ↑ NSW BIONET 2015
  7. ↑ Benson J.S. (2008) New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment: Part 2 Plant communities of the NSW South-western Slopes Bioregion and update of NSW Western Plains plant communities, Version 2 of the NSWVCA database http://scholar.google.com.au/scholar_url?url=http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/29346/benson_2008_NSWVCA.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3K7I9q9ZaZSfcRUMhUL8ivHEXyaQ&nossl=1&oi=scholarr&ei=3sNiVfW2OYLbmAXOioGoAw&ved=0CBsQgAMoADAA accessed May 2015
  8. ↑ Benson J.S. (2008) New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment: Part 2 Plant communities of the NSW South-western Slopes Bioregion and update of NSW Western Plains plant communities, Version 2 of the NSWVCA database http://scholar.google.com.au/scholar_url?url=http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/29346/benson_2008_NSWVCA.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3K7I9q9ZaZSfcRUMhUL8ivHEXyaQ&nossl=1&oi=scholarr&ei=3sNiVfW2OYLbmAXOioGoAw&ved=0CBsQgAMoADAA accessed May 2015
  9. ↑ Goobang national park fire management strategy (2014)
  10. ↑ NSW BIONET 2015,Fauna survey of goobang and Nangar national park(1997) William Faulkner, mat le breton and murray ellis NSWNPWS
  11. ↑ Reid, J.R.W. 1999,Ford, Hugh A. (2011) Major, Richard E, Fiona J. Christie, Greg Gowing,2001, Food, Hugh A, Geoffrey W Barrett, Denis A Saunders, Harry F Recher,2001
  12. ↑ NSW BIONET 2015, Fauna survey of Goobang and Nangar national park (1997) William Faulkner, Mat le Breton and Murray Ellis NSWNPWS
  13. ↑ The problem of feral cats is now so big that experts think that up to 100 species of native animals are on the verge of extinction. [online]. Seven News (SEVEN NETWORK);Phillips, N. (2012, Dec 29
  14. ↑ Bird, P., et al. (2012)
  15. ↑ Goobang National Park plan of management (2001
  16. ↑ Prober SM, Thiele KR (1995)
  17. ↑ Prober SM, Thiele KR (1995)
  18. ↑ Goobang National Park plan of management (2001
  19. ↑ Foden, W., Mace, G., Vié, J.-C., Angulo, A., Butchart, S., DeVantier, L., Dublin, H., Gutsche, A., Stuart, S. and Turak, E. 2008.
  20. ↑ IUCN Species and climate change koala(2010)

1 Goobang National Park plan of management (2001) Office of Environment and Heritage http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/parkmanagement/GoobangNPMgmtplan.htm 30/04/2015

2 New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage (2014). GOOBANG Vegetation Survey, Data from the Atlas of NSW database: VIS flora survey module, Version 11 /2013. Persistent Hyperlink: http://www.aekos.org.au/collection/nsw.gov.au/nsw_atlas/vis_flora_module/GOOBANG. Obtained via ÆKOS Data Portal (http://www.aekos.org.au/), made available by State of New South Wales (Office of Environment and Heritage http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/) , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Accessed 05/04/2015.

3 NSW BIONET 2015 Office of Environment and Heritage http://www.bionet.nsw.gov.au/18/05/2015

4 Benson J.S. (2008) New South Wales Vegetation Classification and Assessment: Part 2 Plant communities of the NSW South-western Slopes Bioregion and update of NSW Western Plains plant communities, Version 2 of the NSWVCA database http://scholar.google.com.au/scholar_url?url=http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/29346/benson_2008_NSWVCA.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3K7I9q9ZaZSfcRUMhUL8ivHEXyaQ&nossl=1&oi=scholarr&ei=3sNiVfW2OYLbmAXOioGoAw&ved=0CBsQgAMoADAA accessed May 2015

5 Goobang national park fire management strategy (2014) Office of Environment and Heritage http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/firemanagement/GoobangNPfms.htm aceess 30/04/2015

6 Fauna survey of goobang and Nangar national park(1997) William Faulkner, mat le Breton and murray ellis NSWNPWS http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260437624_Fauna_Survey_of_Goobang_and_Nangar_National_Parks accessed 18/05/2015

7 Reid, J.R.W. 1999. Threatened and declining birds in the New South Wales Sheep-Wheat Belt: I. Diagnosis, characteristics and management. Consultancy report to NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology, Canberra. http://141.243.32.146/resources/nature/WEDecliningBirdReport99Reid.pdf retrieved 14/05/2015 8 Ford, Hugh A. (2011). The causes of decline of birds of eucalypt woodlands: advances in our knowledge over the last 10 years. EMU 111, 1–9. doi:10.1071/MU09115

9 Major, Richard E, Fiona J. Christie, Greg Gowing,2001 Influence of remnant and landscape attributes on Australian woodland bird communities, Biological Conservation, Volume 102, Issue 1, Pages 47–66 doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00090-8.

10 Food, Hugh A, Geoffrey W Barrett, Denis A Saunders, Harry F Recher,2001 Why have birds in the woodlands of Southern Australia declined?, Biological Conservation, Volume 97, Issue 1, Pages 71–88, doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00101-4.

11 The problem of feral cats is now so big that experts think that up to 100 species of native animals are on the verge of extinction. [online]. Seven News (SEVEN NETWORK); Time: 18:00; Broadcast Date: Sunday, 26 April 2015; Duration: 1 min., 58 sec. Availability:<http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=TSM201504260084;res=TVNEWS> [cited 23 May 15]. 12 Phillips, N. (2012, Dec 29). Feral cats' devastating threat to native animals laid bare. The Age Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1258260829 13 Bird, P., et al. (2012). "Damage caused by low-density exotic herbivore populations: the impact of introduced European rabbits on marsupial herbivores and Allocasuarina and Bursaria seedling survival in Australian coastal shrubland." Biological Invasions 14(3): 743-755.

14 Prober SM, Thiele KR (1995) Conservation of the Grassy White Box Woodlands: Relative Contributions of Size and Disturbance to Floristic Composition and Diversity of Remnants . Australian Journal of Botany 43, 349–366.

15 Foden, W., Mace, G., Vié, J.-C., Angulo, A., Butchart, S., DeVantier, L., Dublin, H., Gutsche, A., Stuart, S. and Turak, E. 2008. Species susceptibility to climate change impacts. In: J.-C. Vié, C. Hilton-Taylor and S.N. Stuart (eds). The 2008 Review of The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN Gland, Switzerland http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climatic_change_chapter_en_final.pdaccessed May 2015 16 IUCN Species and climate change koala(2010)https://www.iucn.org/iyb/about/species_on_the_brink/species_climate/ May 2015

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