Hedal Stave Church

Hedalen Stave Church
Type Church
Status Automatically protected
County Oppland
Municipality Sør-Aurdal
Year built c. 1160
ID 84512

Not to be confused with Heddal stave church

Hedal Stave Church also known as Hedalen Stave Church (Norwegian: Hedalen stavkyrkje) is a stave church located in Hedalen in Sør-Aurdal, Norway.

History

The first reference to the church is in 1327. The original church was a much smaller single nave church built second half of the 12th century. The west entrance remains from the original church. The front portal is one of the oldest, most richly ornamented and among the most beautiful in the whole country. It takes the form of three winged dragons, one on each side of the arch and pilasters of the entrance and one above, all elaborately intertwined in a tendril and leaf pattern.

The remodelling and expansion of original building into a cruciform church is believed to have been completed in 1699, although some sources claim 1738. Restoration work was done during 1902 under direction of Carl Berner. During the restoration work, the previous sacristy was replaced with a new choir, and the new parts were enclosed in an ambulatory. This was a small reconstruction to add a new ridge turret (Norwegian:takrytter).

Hedalen Stavkyrkje. Sør-Aurdal

Interior

Within the church there is also a reliquary, made of wood in the shape of a miniature church (called a chasse) with gilt-brass mountings and with scenes from the Bible [1] and the martyrdom of Thomas Becket, possibly a clue as to whose relics the reliquary was originally made to contain.[2] Like the stave churches themselves the reliquary is ornamented with dragon-heads on its gables, a feature which several Norwegian medieval reliquaries share and which might have been originally inspired by similar dragon-heads on the silver gilt reliquary of St. Olav on the enshrined on the high altar of the Nidaros Cathedral.[3][4] This reliquary was the principal source of inspiration for coat of arms of Sør-Aurdal. Another source of inspiration for this coat of arms was the Reinli stave church. Also preserved in the church is the wooden litter for bearing this reliquary in processions, as well as a brass censer with Limoges enamel and a wooden pax-board.

The soapstone baptismal font, with its conical wooden lid, is of gothic style and is still in use. On a special mount on the wall of the church is a statue of the Virgin Mary, crowned and dressed in a golden robe lined with vair and holding the similarly crowned and robed Christ Child enthroned on her lap. The statue dates from the early 13th century as does the wooden tabernacle in the form of a church. The Hedal church was originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary and this statue originally stood on the principal altar in the apse in front of a polytych painted with scenes of her life, which could be closed over it during times of fasting. This polytych was repainted in the Baroque period and now forms the altarpiece, in front of which is displayed a medieval crucifix of Christ on the cross in the shape of a stylized tree of life. Both the statue of the Virgin and Child and the crucifix are among the most beautiful works of medieval art to survive from the Norwegian Middle Ages.

The Virgin and Child statue has been recently restored by the Norwegian Historical Museum and after much controversy, over whether it stood remain its collection, it is back in the church, safely placed on a special mount. There was also a replica of the made at the same time as its restoration in 1990 which is placed on display if weather conditions makes the original's safe storage necessary.[5]

Legend

There is a legend about the church; during the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century Hedalen was depopulated, and the valley became a wilderness. A hunter one day shot an arrow after a bird, but instead of hitting his prey, it missed and struck the bell. Then, there he found the church, standing in the middle of the dense forest.

As the hunter believed this must be a church for huldra or other supernatural beings, he took his flint and steel and threw it over the church. This was something believed to seize property from huldra, and so he wanted to prevent the church from disappearing. On the place where the steel fell, a farm was later built which still has the name Ildjarnstad (Firesteel).

In the church the hunter shot a bear which had made its lair by the altar. The skin from this bear still hangs on the wall of the sacristy.[6]

References

  1. ↑ I.e., Christ in Glory, his betrayal and crucifixion and the women at his tomb and the three kings presenting their gifts to the Virgin and Child
  2. ↑ Many such reliquaries were made in western Europe from 1170 to 1220 when the martyred archbishop's cult was at its height.
  3. ↑ This reliquary is considered to be the best of its type to survive and replicas of it are displayed in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, in the Museums of Cultural History and of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo and in the Cultural History Collection of the Bergen Museum in Bergen.
  4. ↑ Further evidence of the popularity of the cult of Thomas Becket in Valdres might be seen from the St. Thomas Church in the Filefjell mountain pass between Valdres and Sogn. The chasse from this church is in the Bergen Museum, but is in a more ruinous condition than the chasse in Hedalen. This chasse also has dragonheads and has five arches piecing its lower side, a feature it shares with the representation of a chasse in the Sør-Aurdal coat of arms.
  5. ↑ Encyclopaedia of Norwegian churches, 1993/ Directorate for Cultural Heritage http://www.environment.no/Tema/Kulturminner/Bygningsarven/Middelalderbygninger-i-tre/Stavkirker/Hedalen/
  6. ↑ Norwegian Heritage Foundation http://www.olavsrosa.no/en/objektinfo.aspx?id=27334

External links

Coordinates: 60°37′21″N 9°41′27″E / 60.62250°N 9.69083°E / 60.62250; 9.69083

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