International presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte

World map highlighting countries visited by Rodrigo Duterte during his presidency, as of December 2016

According to the Official Gazette, international trips made by the President of the Philippines are an opportunity to "foster and maintain" relations with other governments and to meet other heads of state and/or government. The Department of Foreign Affairs classifies these trips as either a state visit, an official visit, or a working visit.[1] As of December 2016, Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th and current President of the Philippines, has made six presidential trips to nine sovereign states internationally (with the exception of technical stopovers) since his inauguration on June 30, 2016.

2016

So far, in his first year in office, President Duterte made five international trips to eight different countries. The following were the international trips made by him as president in 2016:

Laos and Indonesia (September 5 to 9)

Duterte joins other ASEAN heads of government, holding hands as a symbol of unity, at the ASEAN Summit in Vientiane, September 7, 2016

In his first international trip as president, Duterte traveled to Vientiane, Laos to attend the 28th and 29th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summits and the Eleventh East Asia Summit.[2] On September 5, after arriving in Vientiane, Duterte met with the Filipino community in Laos. In his remarks, he assured them of his administration's pursuit of a "clean government" that would address crime and corruption, and explained their campaign against illegal drugs.[3] On the sidelines of the summits, Duterte held separate bilateral meetings with six heads of government: Shinzō Abe of Japan,[4] John Key of New Zealand,[5] Lee Hsien Loong of Singapore,[6] Dmitry Medvedev of Russia,[7] Nguyễn Xuân Phúc of Vietnam,[8] and Thongloun Sisoulith of Laos.[9][10] Duterte also paid a courtesy call on Laotian President Bounnhang Vorachith at the Presidential Palace in Vientiane.[11]

Duterte initially planned to meet with United States President Barack Obama during the sidelines of the summit; however, Duterte's remarks at the Davao Airport before departing for Laos criticized Obama and the U.S. for planning to discuss the drug war and the human rights situation in the Philippines, prompting the White House to cancel the meeting instead.[12] When asked about the cancellation of the meeting, Obama's deputy national security advisor, Ben Rhodes, said: "Having a meeting where all we were gonna discuss was a series of comments, frankly did not strike us as the most constructive way to approach a bilateral meeting."[13] Duterte and Obama later met informally before attending a gala dinner.[14] On September 7, Duterte skipped the ASEAN–United Nations Summit in order to meet with President Vorachith, and was replaced by Foreign Secretary Perfecto Yasay Jr. to represent the Philippines in the summit.[15] The following day, Duterte also skipped the ASEAN–India and the ASEAN–United States summits, citing a migraine, and was replaced by Yasay again in both meetings.[16] Duterte later admitted to intentionally skipping the said meetings, saying that it was "a matter of principle" for him.[17]

Duterte, however, attended the closing ceremony of the ASEAN Summits to formally accept the Philippines' chairmanship of ASEAN in 2017, the 50th anniversary of the regional bloc. In his acceptance speech, Duterte said:[18]

We [the Philippines] will pursue initiative and enhance cooperation with global partners to ensure that ASEAN citizens live in peace, stability, security and growth, all the while remaining ASEAN's centrality, unity and solidarity. The Philippines is ready and willing to steer and guide the association. But crucial to the realization of our goals is the cooperation and support of all ASEAN member-states and our dialogue partners.
Duterte with Indonesian President Joko Widodo on a blusukan (impromptu visit) to Tanah Abang in Jakarta, September 9, 2016

Following his attendance at the ASEAN and East Asia summits in Vientiane, Duterte traveled to Jakarta, Indonesia for his first state visit as president, arriving on the evening of September 8.[19] He began his trip on September 9 when he met with the Filipino community in Indonesia and addressed them on his campaign against illegal drugs and crime that would assure safety in the Philippines in "maybe two years".[20] Duterte also laid a wreath at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery and visited the Tanah Abang market in Central Jakarta with Indonesian President Joko Widodo on a blusukan (impromptu visit), Widodo's preferred method of allowing his visitors to interact with the locals.[21][22][23] The two presidents began their meeting at the Merdeka Palace later that afternoon, where Duterte was given arrival honors.

Duterte and Widodo discussed the threat of the Abu Sayyaf, following the kidnappings of Filipino, Indonesian and Malaysian sailors earlier in the year where ten Indonesians are currently under captive by the militant group;[24] these discussions also included maritime security in the Sulu Sea on the threat of piracy, to which the two presidents signed an agreement allowing Indonesian, Malaysian, and Philippine coast guards to jointly patrol the sea and arrest pirates that would pose threats to their respective territorial waters.[25][26] With regards to the territorial disputes in the South China Sea to which Indonesia and the Philippines are claimants of, Duterte and Widodo both called for the respect for the rule of law in the disputed territories.[27] The issue of around 700 Indonesian pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia for the Hajj using forged Philippine passports was discussed by the two presidents; Widodo thanked the Philippine government for their cooperation in resolving the issue.[28] Duterte and Widodo also vowed for closer economic cooperation and vowed to combat illegal drug trade and terrorism.[29][30]

Antara and The Jakarta Post initially reported that Duterte informed Widodo that he is allowing for the execution of convicted Filipino drug mule Mary Jane Veloso, who was granted a last-minute temporary reprieve in April 2015;[31] however, presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella and Philippine Foreign Secretary Perfecto Yasay Jr. clarified that Duterte only stated his willingness to respect Indonesian criminal procedure and accept any decision made by the Indonesian government regarding her case.[32][33]

Widodo hosted a state dinner for Duterte at the palace that evening. Duterte later departed Jakarta for his hometown, Davao City, arriving there on the early hours of September 10.[34]

Vietnam (September 28 to 29)

Duterte and Vietnamese President Trần Đại Quang review the honor guards at the Presidential Palace, Hanoi, September 29, 2016

Duterte traveled to Hanoi, Vietnam for a two-day official visit that coincides with the commemoration of the 40th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the Philippines and Vietnam.[35] On September 28, he met with the Filipino community in Vietnam, who supported his campaign against illegal drugs, at Intercontinental Hanoi Westlake.[36] On September 29, Duterte laid a wreath at the Vietnam War Memorial and met with Vietnamese President Trần Đại Quang at the Presidential Palace, where he was accorded honors and an official welcome.[37]

Being claimants of disputed territories in the South China Sea, Duterte and Quang reaffirmed their commitment to adhere to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in maintaining peace and stability and observing freedom of navigation and the rule of law as their countries work towards a peaceful resolution with other claimants.[38][39] Vietnam supported the Philippines' arbitration case against China at the Permanent Court of Arbitration regarding the territorial disputes, which the Philippines won in July. To improve trade relations between the two countries, Duterte invited Vietnamese businesses to invest in the Philippines and to consider importing more Philippine products into Vietnam.[40] During their meeting, the Philippine and Vietnamese governments agreed to a six-year action plan focused on combating transnational crime and illegal drug trade, in which the two governments are committed to intensifying defense and law enforcement cooperation by sharing expertise, experience, and intelligence information.[41]

Duterte also met with Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc and General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyễn Phú Trọng. A state dinner was held in honor of Duterte at the Vietnam National Convention Center. Duterte departed Hanoi for Davao City on the evening of September 29.[42]

Brunei and China (October 16 to 21)

Duterte handshake with Chinese President Xi Jinping prior to the bilateral meetings at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on October 20, 2016

Duterte paid a state visit to Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei on October 16–18 to meet with Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and the Overseas Filipinos there. Duterte initially planned to visit Brunei in September as his first international trip as president, but was prompted to postpone it due to the Davao City bombing.[43][44] Sultan Bolkiah welcomed Duterte at the Istana Nurul Iman, where they discussed the strengthening of Brunei–Philippines relations and BIMP-EAGA through trade and investment.[45] The two leaders also discussed Brunei's cooperation and support for the Bangsamoro peace process, as well as the strengthening of Halal product certification in the Philippines to improve the country's agribusiness and tourism.[46]

On October 18–21, Duterte traveled to Beijing, China on a state visit to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang to discuss ways on improving ties and cooperation amid regional issues, specifically the territorial disputes in the South China Sea.[47] The two governments reiterated their agreement to properly resolve the disputes through bilateral discussion.[48] Around 400 Filipino business executives joined Duterte in his delegation to discuss deals with Chinese business executives and government officials in the sectors of agribusiness, construction, energy, manufacturing, rail transport, and tourism.[49][44] Duterte spoke at the Philippines–China Trade and Investment Forum, where he announced a "separation" from the United States in front of the Filipino and Chinese businessmen as well Chinese officials which he cited that the U.S. had lost "militarily, socially, and economically" – and a realignment of the Philippines to move closer to China. The U.S. Department of State reacted to Duterte's rhetoric citing that it is causing confusion and consternation but reiterated the strong Philippines–United States relations.[50][51] Duterte later departed Beijing for Davao City on the evening of October 22 with investments and loans worth of $24 billion.[52][53]

Japan (October 25 to 27)

On the evening of October 25, 2016, Duterte arrived at Haneda Airport for a three-day official visit to Tokyo to discuss "economic and defense concerns" with the Japanese government and business executives.[54] Duterte's trip to Japan follows his trip to Beijing, where he announced a military and economic "separation" from the United States, which caused confusion within U.S., Filipino, and Japanese officials.[55] During a speech addressing Filipino and Japanese businessmen at the Palace Hotel, Tokyo, Duterte assured them that his visit to Beijing focused on economic relations and had no intentions of forging a military alliance with China.[56] He also expressed confidence that more Japanese businesses will continue to invest in the Philippines as the Philippine government continues to implement policies to ensure macroeconomic stability and improve the country's "ease of doing business", emphasizing the importance of their economic relations as a priority for the Philippines.[57]

Duterte with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and members of the Philippine delegation during the latter's visit at the Prime Minister's Official Residence in Tokyo, October 2016

On October 26, Duterte met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe at the Prime Minister's Official Residence, where the two leaders issued a joint statement; in it, they reaffirmed their commitment to promote and enhance the strategic partnership between Japan and the Philippines under common values of "freedom, democracy, the rule of law, respect for basic human rights, and a free and open economy" in strengthening bilateral cooperation to maintain regional peace, stability, and prosperity. Duterte expressed his appreciation for Japan's cooperation with the Philippines through training and development, capacity building, and Japan's provision of equipment for the Armed Forces of the Philippines, which included ten patrol boats, five Beechcraft TC-90 trainer aircraft from the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and high-speed crafts to enhance the country's maritime security and counter-terrorism capabilities.[58] Being claimants of disputed territories in the South China and East China seas respectively, Duterte and Abe stressed the importance of observing freedom of navigation and overflight and adhering to the rule of law when resolving the disputes with other claimants, in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.[59]

On October 27, Duterte visited the headquarters of the Japan Coast Guard in Yokohama, where he viewed the coast guard's demonstration activities; there, he also expressed a possibility for joint military exercises with Japan instead of the U.S., to whom he reiterated his "separation" with and said that their joint Balikatan military exercises this year would be "their last" in pursuit of his administration's "independent foreign policy".[60] Duterte initially planned to conclude his trip with a courtesy call on Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko at the Tokyo Imperial Palace, but had to cancel it following the announcement of the death of Takahito, Prince Mikasa.[61] Duterte departed Tokyo later that day with investment offers and loans totaling $19 billion for infrastructure, agricultural development, defense, and employment.[62]

Thailand and Malaysia (November 9 to 10)

Duterte and his delegation meeting with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak and other Malaysian ministers in Perdana Square, Putrajaya, November 10, 2016

On November 9, Duterte traveled to Bangkok, Thailand to pay his respects to the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej at the Grand Palace.[63] He later traveled to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for a two-day official visit to meet with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak to discuss piracy in the Strait of Malacca,[64][65] and possible joint military and police operations with Malaysia to quell piracy in the Sulu Sea and Abu Sayyaf militant kidnappings activities.[66] During his visit there, Duterte agreed to set aside the Sabah dispute to focus on the social welfare of Filipino migrants and expatriates in the state with the signing of various agreements with his Malaysian counterpart such as the establishment of Filipino school, hospital and a consulate in Sabah, while those problematic Filipino illegal immigrants and refugees will be return back to the Philippines.[67][68] In addition, the Philippine government allow Malaysia to chase Abu Sayyaf kidnappers and Moro pirates into the Philippines waters and economic agreements on the halal sector as well palm oil and rubber investment in Mindanao and Palawan and a joint-venture in the construction of a rail line in Manila were materialized.[69] Duterte also met with the Filipino community in Malaysia, where he reiterated his pledge to fight corruption, criminality, and illegal drugs.[70]

Peru (November 18 to 20)

Duterte attended the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Lima on November 19–20, which was hosted by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.[71] En route to and from Lima, his aircraft made technical stopovers in Auckland, New Zealand.[72]

On the sidelines of the meeting, Duterte held bilateral meetings with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Duterte met with Xi to discuss the alignment of the former's foreign policy towards Asian economic development, to follow up on the memorandum of understandings signed during the former's state visit to Beijing in October, and to discuss the permission of Filipino fisherman to enter the disputed Scarborough Shoal.[73] Duterte met with Putin to discuss the development of Philippines–Russia relations.[74] Duterte also praised Putin's leadership skills, calling him his "idol", and the latter invited the former to visit Russia.[75][76]

Duterte skipped the APEC gala dinner and the shoot of the APEC leaders’ family photo due to jetlag. Former Philippine President Fidel Ramos criticized Duterte's actions, saying that while Duterte and his Cabinet may have thought that the two events are negligible, it could have disappointed the host country. "Peru President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski must be very disappointed," Ramos said. He said the gala night could have been an opportunity for Duterte to exchange ideas with world leaders and sickness is an unacceptable alibi to skip such an important gathering.[77]

Upcoming trips

2016

Singapore (December 14 to 16)

Duterte is scheduled to travel to Singapore for a two-day state visit on December 14–16 to meet with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.[78]

Multilateral meetings

Group Year
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
APEC November 19–20,
Peru Lima 		TBA,
Vietnam Đà Nẵng 		TBA,
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 		TBA,
 Chile 		TBA,
 Malaysia 		TBA,
 New Zealand
ASEAN September 6–8,
Laos Vientiane 		March/April,
 Philippines 		TBA
August,
 Philippines
EAS September 6–8,
Laos Vientiane 		August,
 Philippines
██ = Hosted by the Philippines; ██ = Future event

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Presidential Trips: The full list". Official Gazette. Government of the Philippines. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  2. ↑ Regalado, Edith (September 5, 2016). "Duterte off to Laos for Asean Summit". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  3. ↑ Romero, Alexis (September 6, 2016). "Duterte to Filipinos in Laos: There will be change". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Japan's Abe to Duterte: You are famous in Japan". ABS-CBN News. September 6, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Key escapes verbal lashing in meeting with Philippine president". The New Zealand Herald. September 9, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  6. ↑ Ong, Justin (September 6, 2016). "PM Lee meets Philippine President Duterte for first time". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  7. ↑ "Philippines, Russia to advance military-to-military engagement". Xinhua News Agency. September 14, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  8. ↑ "Prime Minister meets with Lao, Philippine leaders". Vietnam News Agency. September 6, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016 – via Vietnam Plus.
  9. ↑ Romero, Alexis (September 10, 2016). "Philippines to boost ties with Laos". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  10. ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno (September 10, 2016). "Duterte sits down with 6 leaders in 1st int'l trip". Rappler. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  11. ↑ Mabasa, Roy (September 8, 2016). "Pres. Duterte calls on Pres. Vorachith prior to dinner gala". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Barack Obama cancels Rodrigo Duterte talks after insult". Al Jazeera. September 6, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  13. ↑ Diola, Camille (September 7, 2016). "White House explains decision to cancel Obama-Duterte meeting". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  14. ↑ Liptak, Kevin (September 8, 2016). "Obama, Duterte exchange 'pleasantries' after spat". CNN. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Duterte skips ASEAN-UN meeting with Ban Ki-moon". ABS-CBN News. September 8, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Officials: Duterte skips summit meets because of migraine". Sun.Star Manila. September 8, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Duterte 'purposely skipped' meeting with Obama, others". CNN Philippines. September 13, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  18. ↑ Ramos, Marlon (September 8, 2016). "Duterte formally accepts PH hosting of Asean summit in 2017". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  19. ↑ Gutierrez, Natashya (September 8, 2016). "Duterte arrives in Indonesia". Rappler. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  20. ↑ Javier, Kristian (September 9, 2016). "Filipinos may finally walk without fear in a few years, Duterte says". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  21. ↑ "PRRD joins Indon military chief in honoring local heroes". Asian Journal. September 12, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  22. ↑ Yosephine, Liza (September 9, 2016). "Jokowi welcomes Duterte with 'blusukan' at textile market". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Zuckerberg to Jokowi: What is Blusukan?". Tempo. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  24. ↑ Gutierrez, Natashya (September 8, 2016). "5 things Duterte and Jokowi are expected to discuss". Rappler. Retrieved October 14, 2016. There are currently 10 Indonesian hostages still under captive by the Abu Sayyaf, a terrorist group based in the Philippines, responsible for kidnappings for ransom and previous bomb attacks.
  25. ↑ "Duterte, Widodo to intensify maritime cooperation". Asian Journal. September 12, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  26. ↑ Cabacungan, Gil (September 9, 2016). "Duterte, Widodo sign treaty on maritime security". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  27. ↑ Macas, Trisha (September 9, 2016). "Duterte, Widodo urge respect for rule of law in South China Sea". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  28. ↑ Parlina, Ina (September 10, 2016). "Jokowi, Duterte firm friends". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved October 14, 2016. The issue of Indonesian pilgrims using fake Philippine passports, which has been in the spotlight recently, was also discussed by the two leaders on Friday, with Jokowi thanking the Philippine government for its commitment to helping resolve the problem.
  29. ↑ Amindoni, Ayomi (September 9, 2016). "Indonesia expects stronger economic ties with Philippines". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  30. ↑ Nicolas, Fiona (September 13, 2016). "Duterte, Widodo agree to chase drug dealers, blast off pirates". CNN Philippines. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  31. ↑ Viray, Patricia Lourdes (September 12, 2016). "Report: Duterte gave go signal to execute Mary Jane Veloso". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  32. ↑ Viray, Patricia Lourdes (September 12, 2016). "Yasay: No green light on Veloso execution". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  33. ↑ Torres, Estrella; Ramos, Marlon (September 13, 2016). "Duterte lets Jakarta decide Veloso case". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  34. ↑ Nawal, Allan (September 10, 2016). "Duterte arrives in Davao". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  35. ↑ Romero, Alexis (September 28, 2016). "Duterte flies to Vietnam for a working visit". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  36. ↑ Aurelio, Julie (September 28, 2016). "Filipinos in Vietnam back Duterte war on drugs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  37. ↑ Aurelio, Julie (September 29, 2016). "Duterte given honors, welcome at State Palace in Vietnam". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  38. ↑ Macas, Trisha (September 30, 2016). "PHL, Vietnam call for peaceful resolution of South China Sea disputes". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  39. ↑ Mendez, Christina (September 30, 2016). "Philippines asks Vietnam to work for unified, cohesive approach on sea dispute". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  40. ↑ Aurelio, Julie (September 30, 2016). "Duterte pitches PH to Vietnamese traders". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016. President Duterte has invited more Vietnamese businessmen to invest in the Philippines, and to consider importing more Filipino products to boost two-way trade... To improve trade balance, Mr. Duterte asked the Vietnamese government to consider importing more Philippine products.
  41. ↑ Aurelio, Julie (September 30, 2016). "PH, Vietnam to form 6-year pact vs crime, drugs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  42. ↑ Aurelio, Julie (September 29, 2016). "Capping 2-day visit, Duterte pays courtesy calls to top Vietnamese officials". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Philippine president to visit Brunei to strengthen ties". Xinhua News Agency. October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016 – via Global Times.
  44. 1 2 Bencito, John Paolo (October 9, 2016). "Palace issues Rody itinerary". The Standard. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  45. ↑ Gita, Ruth Abbey (October 17, 2016). "Palace: Duterte bilateral talks with Sultan Bolkiah 'very fruitful'". Sun.Star Manila. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  46. ↑ Campos, Othel (October 19, 2016). "Rody affirms Brunei ties". The Standard. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  47. ↑ del Callar, Michaela (October 7, 2016). "PHL pushes back Duterte's visit to Japan in favor of China - sources". GMA News Online. GMA Network. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Duterte: It's Russia, China, PH 'against the world'". Reuters. October 20, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016 – via ABS-CBN News.
  49. ↑ Dumlao-Abadilla, Doris; Cabacungan, Gil (October 13, 2016). "Big business group to join Duterte in China". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  50. ↑ Blanchard, Ben (October 20, 2016). "Duterte aligns Philippines with China, says U.S. has lost". Reuters. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  51. ↑ "US: Duterte's rhetoric causes confusion, consternation". Philstar. October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  52. ↑ "Duterte heads home from China with $24 billion deals". ABS-CBN News. October 21, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  53. ↑ "Duterte comes home from 'productive' China trip". Philippine Daily Inquirer. October 22, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  54. ↑ Salaverria, Leila (October 25, 2016). "Duterte arrives in Tokyo". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  55. ↑ "Duterte's anti-US talk baffles some Chinese, too – analyst". ABS-CBN News. October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  56. ↑ Ranada, Pia (October 26, 2016). "Duterte assures Japan: No military alliance with China". Rappler. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  57. ↑ Cordero, Ted (October 26, 2016). "Duterte confident more Japanese businesses will invest in PHL". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  58. ↑ Santos, Eimor (October 27, 2016). "PH to lease aircraft, acquire patrol vessels from Japan". CNN Philippines. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  59. ↑ "FULL TEXT: Joint statement of the Philippines and Japan". The Philippine Star. October 27, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  60. ↑ Funakoshi, Minami (October 27, 2016). "Duterte says Philippines could join sea exercises with Japan, again vents anger at U.S.". Reuters. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  61. ↑ Araneta, Sandy (October 28, 2016). "Du30 condoles with emperor's family". The Standard. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  62. ↑ Remo, Amy; Salaverria, Leila (October 28, 2016). "$19B in financial deals from Japan". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
  63. ↑ "Duterte pays respects to King". Bangkok Post. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  64. ↑ Lacorte, Germelina (October 29, 2016). "Duterte's next stop is Malaysia". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  65. ↑ "Duterte going to Malaysia to discuss piracy problem". Rappler. November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  66. ↑ "Duterte eyes joint operations with Malaysia vs. Abu Sayyaf". Associated Press. Fox News. November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  67. ↑ F. Pearl A. Gajunera (November 12, 2016). "Digong vows service to Pinoys in Malaysia". Manila Standard. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  68. ↑ Pia Ranada (November 11, 2016). "PH, Malaysia agree on repatriation of Filipinos in Sabah". Rappler. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  69. ↑ "Nod to chase into P'pine waters". Daily Express. November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
    * "Duterte: PH ready to do business with Malaysia". Philippines News Agency. Manila Bulletin. November 11, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
    * Giovanni Nilles (November 11, 2016). "MOU for $1-B Diliman-Quiapo LRT signed in Malaysia". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
    * Catherine Pillas (November 13, 2016). "PHL, Malaysia eye cooperation in agribusiness". Business Mirror. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  70. ↑ Aden, Elena (November 10, 2016). "Duterte addresses OFWs in Malaysia". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  71. ↑ Cheng, Willard (November 14, 2016). "Duterte may hold 2-4 bilateral talks at APEC summit". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  72. ↑ Ramos, Marlon (November 14, 2016). "Duterte flies to Lima, Peru this week". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  73. ↑ "Duterte to align foreign policy toward China-led Asian economic development". Associated Press. November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016 – via The Philippine Star.
  74. ↑ "Western nations start wars they are scared to fight themselves – Duterte to Putin at APEC summit". RT. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  75. ↑ Yap, DJ (November 20, 2016). "Duterte talks to Putin about distrust with US, hypocrisy of the West". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  76. ↑ "Duterte meets with Putin, Xi at APEC Economic Leaders' Summit". CNN Philippines. November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  77. ↑ http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/11/22/1646177/fvr-duterte-big-disappointment-peru
  78. ↑ Dancel, Raul (December 2, 2016). "Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte to visit Singapore from Dec 14 to 16". The Straits Times. Retrieved December 2, 2016.

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