James Achilles Kirkpatrick
| James Achilles Kirkpatrick | |
|---|---|
 James Achilles Kirkpatrick, an oil painting by George Chinnery. Circa 1805. | |
| Born |
1764 Fort St. George, Madras, India |
| Died |
15 October 1805 Calcutta, India |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation |
Lieutenant Colonel British Resident at Hyderabad |
| Known for |
Built the historic Koti Residency in Hyderabad, a landmark and major tourist attraction. One of the first interracial love affair between him (British) and an Indian noblewoman Khair-un-Nissa Begum. |
| Spouse(s) | Khair-un-Nissa |
Lieutenant Colonel James Achilles Kirkpatrick (1764 – 15 October 1805) was the British Resident at Hyderabad from 1798 to 1805. He also built the historic Koti Residency in Hyderabad, a landmark and major tourist attraction.
Biography
James Achilles Kirkpatrick was born in 1764 at Fort St. George, Madras.[1] He replaced his brother William and arrived as resident in Hyderabad in 1795 (according to William Dalrymple) as a "cocky young imperialist intending to conquer India". There he became thoroughly enamoured of Indo-Persian culture of Nizam's court, and gave up his English manner of dress in exchange for Persian costumes.[2]
Although a colonel in the British East India Company's army, Kirkpatrick wore Mughal-style costumes at home, smoked a hookah, chewed betelnut, enjoyed nautch parties, maintained a small harem in his zenanakhana, spoke fluent Hindustani and Persian, and openly mingled with the elite of Hyderabad. Kirkpatrick was adopted by the Nizam of Hyderabad, who invested him with many titles: mutamin ul mulk ('Safeguard of the kingdom'), hushmat jung ('Valiant in battle'), nawab fakhr-ud-dowlah bahadur ('Governor, pride of the state, and hero').[3] He converted to Islam (in particular Shi'ism) and married a local Hyderabadi noblewoman called Khair-un-Nissa, the teenage granddaughter of Nawab Mahmood Ali Khan, the prime minister of Hyderabad.[4][5] Towards the end of autumn of 1801, a major scandal broke out in Calcutta over Kirkpatrick's behaviour at the Hyderabad court.[6] It raised a major furore because of the interracial nature of the marriage.
Kirkpatrick’s downfall came with Lord Richard Wellesley’s appointment as Governor-General of India. Wellesley was an imperialist determined to reduce the Nizam to subservience. He strongly disapproved of British-Indian liaisons. Kirkpatrick was summoned to Calcutta, only to be reprimanded and dismissed.
After Kirkpatrick died in Calcutta on October 15, 1805, Khair-un-Nissa was taken care of by his assistant, Henry Russell, who replaced him as resident in Hyderabad. Later, on a visit to Madras, Russell married a half-Portuguese women and left Khair-un-Nissa on her own. Returning to Hyderabad, she died on 22 September 1813 aged 27.[3]
Kirkpatrick and Khair-un-Nissa together had two children: a son, Mir Ghulam Ali Sahib Allum and a daughter, Noor-un-Nissa Sahib Begum. After their father's death, they were transported to England to live with their grandfather Colonel James Kirkpatrick, in London and Keston, Kent, leaving their mother in India. The two children were baptised on 25 March 1805 at St. Mary’s Church, Marylebone Road, and were thereafter known by their new Christian names, William George Kirkpatrick and Katherine Aurora "Kitty" Kirkpatrick. William was disabled in 1812 after falling into a copper of boiling water and had to have an arm amputated;[7] he married and had three children but died in 1828 aged 27. Kitty was for a few years the love interest of the Scottish writer and philosopher Thomas Carlyle. She eventually married Captain James Winslowe Phillipps and went on to have seven children. She died in Torquay, Devon, in 1889.[8]
Popular culture
A large part of White Mughals, a book by the historian William Dalrymple, concerns Kirkpatrick's relationship with Khair-un-Nissa.
Citations
- ↑ http://www.sumgenius.com.au/kirkpatrick_family_tree.htm
- ↑ Colonial Grandeur - The Hindu, February 27, 2005
- 1 2 Lolita of the Mughal Times - The Telegraph, 30 November 2002
- ↑ Dalrymple 2004, p. 6 "Finally, and perhaps most shockingly for the authorities in Bengal, some said that Kirkpatrick had actually, formally, married the girl, which meant embracing Islam, and had become a practising Shi'a Muslim."
- ↑ Dalrymple 2004, p. 256 "Hashmat Jang therefore secretly embraced Islam before a Shi'a Mujtahid (cleric) and presented a certificate from him to Khair-un-Nissa Begum, who sent it to her mother."
- ↑ White mischief - The Guardian, 9 December 2002
- ↑ Dalrymple, William (2004). White Mughals. Penguin Books. pp. xx. ISBN 978-0-14-200412-8.
- ↑ East Did Meet West - 3 - Pakistan Link.com - Dr. Rizwana Begum
References
- Dalrymple, William (2004). White Mughals: love and betrayal in eighteenth-century India. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-200412-8..