John Dring

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Arthur John Dring KBE CIE JP (1902 – 1991) was the second Prime Minister of the independent State of Bahawalpur (now in modern Pakistan),[1] a senior member of the Indian Political Service in the last decades of the British Raj, Assistant Private Secretary to the Governor-General of India and an advisor to governments on plebscites for two former British colonies in Africa. Dring Stadium in Bahawalpur, the site of the first India-Pakistan cricket test, is named after him. He was called John throughout his life.[2]

Early life

Dring was born on 4 November 1902 in Calcutta, India to Sir William Arthur Dring and his wife Lady Jane Reid Greenshields Dring (née Ross, formerly Alston), the second child and only son of the couple. The Dring family had been resident in India since 1830.[3] Dring spent his earliest years in India but was sent to England to be educated in 1911,[4] as was customary for members of elite families in British India. He attended Winchester College and RMC Sandhurst[5] and returned to India in 1923 when he joined the Guides Cavalry as a Lieutenant.[6]

Political career

In 1927, Dring joined the Indian Political Service and soon became Assistant Private Secretary to the Viceroy of India.[7] The Channel 4 historical drama Indian Summers revolves around a fictional character called Ralph Whelan who was the Private Secretary to the Viceroy of India in Shimla in 1932-1935. The character of Ralph Whelan has several similarities with the real-life John Dring, who was in the same political position in the same place at the same time, with the same family history. The National Portrait Gallery of the UK holds a portrait of Dring.[8]

From 1937 to 1940, Dring served as Secretary to Sir George Cunningham, the Governor of the Northwest Frontier Province. He then served as Political Agent of Waziristan from 1941 to 1943[9] and was awarded the Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire in the 1943 New Year Honours.[10] He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1944.

Dring was the Deputy Commissioner of Peshawar from 1945-1947[9] and hosted Jawaharlal Nehru on his visit to the Northwest Frontier Province in 1946.[11]

Following the Partition of India in 1947, Dring served as the Prime Minister of Bahawalpur, a Muslim-majority princely state.[12] He was Bahawalpur's second Prime Minister, and last Prime Minister of British origin, and served from 1948 to 1952.[13][14] Dring oversaw a transformation in the way of life of the people of Bahwalpur from a desert to a pastoral way of life.[15] He supported and encouraged the Nawab in the developing over a dozen treaties with the British, in the mutual interests of both parties.[16] The Princely State of Bahawalpur was abolished in 1955 and its people and land became part of Pakistan.

Dring Stadium in Bahawalpur is named after Dring. It was a stadium ahead of its time and was the only complete stadium in Pakistan at the time.[17] The stadium hosted a test match in the first India-Pakistan test cricket series in 1955[18] and was the training ground for the first Pakistan cricket team tour of England in 1954[17]

After his tenure as Prime Minister was complete, Dring was knighted in the 1952 Queen's Birthday Honours.[19] Like many former British residents of India, he went to Africa after Partition. In 1955 he was appointed as advisor to the Governor of the Gold Coast on possible plebiscite arrangements in Togoland,[20] drawing on his experiences in the transition of Bahawalpur from princely state to part of Pakistan. The plebiscite resulted in the British part of Togoland being integrated into Ghana. In 1959 he fulfilled a similar role as advisor to the Governor-General of Nigeria in the lead-up to the British Cameroons plebiscite.[21] The result was the Muslim-majority Northern Cameroons voting to join Nigeria and the Christian-majority Southern Cameroons voting to join the newly-independent country of Cameroon.[22]

Personal life

Dring married Marjorie Wadham in Karachi on 12 October 1934 and the couple had two children. After Marjorie's death in Oxford in 1943, Dring married Alice Deborah Marshall (née Cree) in Shimla in 1946. She was known as Deborah.[2] John and Deborah Dring were two of the subjects of Charles Allen's oral histories of British India, Plain Tales from the Raj.

Dring died in England on 16 June 1991, aged 89 years.[5]

References

  1. ↑ "Bahawalpur Rulers and brief History". Chiefacoins.com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  2. 1 2 Allen, Charles (1975) Plain Tales from the Raj: Images of British India in the Twentieth Century
  3. ↑ "Dring Family of the Wiltshire Regiment" (PDF). Wiltshire-opc.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  4. ↑ 1911 Census for Hursley, Hampshire
  5. 1 2 DRING, Lt-Col Sir (Arthur) John, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2016 (online edition, Oxford University Press, 2014)
  6. ↑ PRO Military Records BL IOR/L/MIL/14/12652
  7. ↑ British Library records IOR/R/1/4/1224
  8. ↑ Portraits of Arthur John Dring (1902-1991), Colonial administrator at the National Portrait Gallery, London
  9. 1 2 Tripodi, C. (2016) Edge of Empire: The British Political Officer and Tribal Administration on the North-West Frontier 1877–1947, Rouledge:London
  10. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 35841. p. 7. 29 December 1942.
  11. ↑ "DRING, Lt-Col Sir (Arthur) John (b 1902), IPS 1927, Chief Secretary, N.W.F.P. 1947,... | The National Archives". Discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  12. ↑ "CDA". Cholistan.gov.pk. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  13. ↑ British Library Records Mss Eur F226/8
  14. ↑ Javaid, Umbreen (2004) Politics of Bahawalpur: From State to Region (1947-2000). Lahore: Classic Publishers.
  15. ↑ "Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan V: An Administrator of Bahawalpur State (Pakistan) | Government and Politics, JU". Govpoliju.com. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  16. ↑ Shah, Nazeer Ali (1959) Sadiqnamah: The History of Bahawalpur State, Lahore: Maktaba Jadieed
  17. 1 2 Samiuddin, Osman (2014) The Unquiet Ones: A History of Pakistan Cricket, Delhi:HarperCollins Publishers India
  18. ↑ "Bahawal Stadium | Pakistan | Cricket Grounds". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  19. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 39559. p. 3056. 30 May 1952.
  20. ↑ "The Glasgow Herald, 25 Nov 1955, p.9, col 4". Retrieved 2016-06-24.
  21. ↑ A.& C Black, Who's Who 1990
  22. ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p177 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
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