John Jackson Smale

Sir John Smale, Chief Justice of Hong Kong

Sir John Jackson Smale (1 March 1805 – 13 August 1882) was a British lawyer and judge. He served as Attorney General and Chief Justice of Hong Kong in the 19th Century.

Early life

Smale was born on 1 March 1805 in Devon, England. He was the son of John Smale.[1]

He studied in Manchester and the Inner Temple. He was admitted by the Inner Temple in 1828 but then qualified and practised as a solicitor. He was called to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1842. He practised at the Chancery Bar for eleven years from 1846 to 1857 and was noted as a law reporter, being one of the joint authors of "De Gex and Smale" (Reports of Cases decided in the High Court of Chancery, by Knight-Bruce, V.C., and Parker, V.C., 1849–1853, 5 vols., with John Peter De Gex),[2] and "Smale and Gifford".[3]

Legal appointments

In 1860 he was appointed Attorney General of Hong Kong. He arrived in Hong Kong Kong on 22 April 1861. On 14 June 1861, he was appointed as a member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. As Attorney General he was allowed to maintain a private practice and practised with much success.[4]

In 1866 he was appointed as Chief Justice of Hong Kong replacing William Henry Adams who had died in office. He served as Chief Justice until his retirement in 1881.

As Chief Justice he was described as "somewhat lacking in the qualities necessary to maintain the dignity of his high office." He was said to be "naturally of a temperament singularly impulsive and energetic and never succeeded in sinking the man and his natural propensities in the Judge; the consequence was that from time to time objectionable and occasionally disgraceful scenes were presented in court."[5]

The best example of this was the case of Pollard v The Chief Justice of Hong Kong where the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overturned a finding of contempt Smale had made against Edward Pollard QC on the basis that Smale had not told Pollard what the alleged contempts were before convicting him.[6]

Smale was knighted in 1874.[7]

Important issues

As Attorney General, Smale was instrumental in bringing about the de-amalgamation of the solicitors' and barristers' professions in Hong Kong. Until his arrival solicitors and barristers had been able to practice without restrictions. Wigs had also not been worn in court. Smale in his first appearance in court wore a wig. Subsequently, he worked for the repeal of the Amalgamation Ordinance that had allowed barristers and solicitors to practice in any capacity. As Chief Justice when admitting barristers he would remind them that they were to only act as barrister. For example, when Nicholas John Hannen was admitted as a barrister in 1868 Smale gave him this caution.[8]

Smale was strongly against slavery. In 1871, Kwok A Sing, a coolie on board a French ship the Nouvelle Penelope which had sailed from Macau killed the master and took over the ship landing in Pakha in China where the ship was abandoned. Kwok was arrested in Hong Kong to be extradited to China. Kwok made a habeas corpus application seeking his release. Smale ordered his release on the basis that the Nouvelle Penelope was a slave ship and Kwok was entitled to take any necessary steps to secure his freedom. Julian Pauncefote, the Attorney General of Hong Kong, then had him re-arrested to be tried for piracy. Smale again ordered his release on the basis the second arrest breached the first habeas corpus order. Kwok then sued Pauncefote for damages for false imprisonment under the Habeas Corpus Act. Kwok almost won with the British jury finding 4–3 in Kwok's favour. Because a majority of five was needed to find in Kwok's favour the verdict was treated as a verdict for Pauncefote. Smale's first decision was upheld by the Privy Council.[9]

Marriages

Smale married twice, first to Anne Jackson (d. 1868) and then in 1873 to Clara Janson, descended from the Wensleydale I'Anson Quakers, in St John's Cathedral, Hong Kong.[10]

Death

After his retirement in 1881, Smale returned to England, dying at his home on 13 August 1882. Upon news of his death reaching Hong Kong, his successor as Chief Justice of Hong Kong, Sir George Phillippo, adjourned the court as a mark of respect.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Obituary, London and China Telegraph, 16 August 1882, p10
  2. ↑  Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). "De Gex, John Peter". Dictionary of National Biography. 14. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  3. ↑ Obituary, London and China Telegraph, 16 August 1882, p10 and Inner Temple Admission Database
  4. ↑ Norton-Kyshe, History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong, Vol II pp17-18 and pp 358–359
  5. ↑ Norton Kyshe, History of the Laws of Hong Kong, Vol II, pp358-359
  6. ↑ Norton Kyshe, History of the Laws of Hong Kong, Vol II, Chapter LI and L.R. 2 P. C. App 106.
  7. ↑ London Gazette, 17 March 1874, p1692
  8. ↑ Norton Kyshe, History of the Laws of Hong Kong, Vol II, pp17-18,p41 and p141.
  9. ↑ Re Kwok A Sing (No.1) [2001] 3 HKC 710 and Re Kwok A Sing (No.2) [2001] 3 HKC 737. Privy Council case: Attorney-General of Hong Kong v Kwok A Sing (1873) LR 5 PC 179, 42 LJ, PC 64. North China Herald, 28 December 1871, p1003-4 for details of the case against Pauncefote.
  10. ↑ Peter Wesley-Smith, Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography, 2012, pp397
  11. ↑ Norton-Kyshe, History of the Law of Hong Kong, pp358-359
Legal offices
Preceded by
William Henry Adams		 Chief Justice of Hong Kong
1866–1881 		Succeeded by
George Phillippo
Preceded by
William Henry Adams		 Attorney General of Hong Kong
1860–1866 		Succeeded by
Julian Pauncefote
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