John Shalikashvili

John Shalikashvili
Shalikashvili in August 1993
Birth name	John Malchase David Shalikashvili
Nickname(s)	"General Shali"
Born	(1936-06-27)June 27, 1936 Warsaw, Poland
Died	July 23, 2011(2011-07-23) (aged 75) Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, U.S.
Buried at	Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1958–1997
Rank	General
Commands held	Supreme Allied Commander Europe Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 9th Infantry Division (United States) Operation Provide Comfort
Battles/wars	Vietnam War
Awards	Defense Distinguished Service Medal (4) Army Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit (3) Bronze Star Medal (V) Meritorious Service Medal (4) Air Medal Joint Service Commendation Medal Army Commendation Medal Presidential Medal of Freedom
Relations	Joan (Zimpelman) Shalikashvili (wife) Brant Shalikashvili (son) Gunhild Bartsch (wife, died 1965)
Other work	Visiting professor, Stanford University Director, Frank Russell Trust Company Director, L-3 Communications Holdings, Inc. Director, Plug Power Inc. Director, United Defense Industries, Inc.

John Malchase David Shalikashvili (Georgian: ჯონ მალხაზ დავით შალიკაშვილი, IPA: [ʃalikʼaʃvili]; June 27, 1936 – July 23, 2011) was a United States Army general who served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Supreme Allied Commander from 1993 to 1997. He was born in Warsaw, Poland, to Georgian parents. In 1996, he was the first recipient of the Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award.^[1]

Shalikashvili was the first foreign-born man to become Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He served in every level of unit command from platoon to division.^[2] Shalikashvili died of a stroke in 2011 at the age of 75.^[3]

Early life and education

Shalikashvili was a scion of the medieval Georgian noble house of Shalikashvili. His father, Prince Dimitri Shalikashvili (1896–1978), born in Gurjaani,^[4] served in the army of Imperial Russia; Dimitri was a grandson of Russian general Dmitry Staroselsky. Shalikashvili's mother was Countess Maria Rüdiger-Beliaev.

After the Bolshevik Revolution, Dimitri became a lieutenant-colonel in the army of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. When the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Georgia in 1921, Dimitri was on diplomatic service in Turkey. Dimitri then joined other Georgian exiles in Poland, where he met and married John's mother, Maria; she was Polish and of part German ancestry,^[5] and the daughter of Count Rudiger-Bielajew, a former Tsarist general. They had three children: Othar, John and Gale. Dimitri served in the Polish Army (along with other Georgian exiles) as a contract officer.

In 1939, he fought against the German invasion of Poland. After the Polish defeat, Dimitri was demobilized. In 1941, he enlisted in the Georgian Legion, a force of ethnic Georgians recruited by Germany to fight against the Soviet Union.^[6] The unit was later incorporated into the SS-Waffengruppe Georgien^[7] and transferred to Normandy. Dimitri surrendered to British forces and was a prisoner of war until after the war. A collection of Dimitri Shalikashvili's writings are on deposit at the Hoover Institution. Meanwhile, Maria, John and his two brothers lived through the destruction of Warsaw. As the Red Army approached Warsaw in 1944, the family fled to Pappenheim, Germany, being reunited with Dimitri along the way.^[8] It was in Pappenheim in the closing days of World War II that John first laid eyes on American soldiers.^[9] His family stayed with relatives there in Pappenheim for eight years.

In 1952, when Shalikashvili was 16, the family emigrated to Peoria, Illinois. They were sponsored by Winifred Luthy, the wife of a local banker, who was previously married to Dimitri's cousin. The Luthys and the Episcopal Church helped the Shalikashvili family get started, finding jobs and a home for them. Dimitri worked for Ameren, and Maria was a file clerk at Commercial National Bank.

When Shalikashvili arrived in Peoria he spoke little English:

Shalikashvili went to Peoria High School, where he was a long-distance runner. He attended Bradley University in Peoria and received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1958. He was a member of Theta Chi Fraternity. In 1970, Shalikashvili received a master's degree in international affairs from the George Washington University's School of International Affairs.

In May 1958, Shalikashvili and his family became American citizens. It was the first nationality he ever held. He had previously been classified as stateless because he had been born to parents who had been refugees.

Career

Shalikashvili with U.S. President Clinton.

U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen (left) and Shalikashvili (right) at a Pentagon briefing on July 31, 1997.

Shalikashvili at his farewell ceremony on September 30, 1997.

After graduation he had planned to work for Hyster Lift Truck, but received a draft notice in July 1958. He entered the Army as a private, enjoyed it, and applied to Officer Candidate School. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1959.

Shalikashvili served in various Field Artillery and Air Defense Artillery positions as a platoon leader, forward observer, instructor, and student, in various staff positions, and as a battery commander. He served in Vietnam in Quang Tri Province with Advisory Team 4 (redesignated Team 19 in September, 1968), Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), as a senior district advisor from 1968 to 1969. He was awarded a Bronze Star with "V" for heroism during his Vietnam tour. Immediately after his Vietnam service, he attended the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.

In 1970, he became executive officer of the 2nd Battalion, 18th Field Artillery at Fort Lewis, Washington. Later in 1975, he commanded 1st Battalion, 84th Field Artillery, 9th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis. In 1977, he attended the U.S. Army War College and served as the Commander of Division Artillery (DIVARTY) for the 1st Armored Division in Germany. He later became the assistant division commander. In 1987, Shalikashvili commanded the 9th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis. There he oversaw a “high technology test bed” tasked to integrate three brigades—one heavy armor, one light infantry, and one “experimental mechanized”—into a new type of fighting force.^[10]

Shalikashvili achieved real distinction with his considerable success as the commander of Operation Provide Comfort, the peacekeeping and humanitarian activity in northern Iraq after the Gulf War. This assignment involved intense and complex negotiations with the Turkish government, and tough face-to-face meetings with the Iraqi military.^[11] Another important achievement was the establishment of the Joint Vision 2010 program, which would transfer the United States military into one great and effective digitalized military force.

Shalikashvili was appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1993 by U.S. President William J. Clinton, effective October 25. He retired from the U.S. Army in September 1997, after serving for 38 years.

Later life and death

Ashton Carter shows Tinatin Khidasheli an official portrait of General Shalikashvili.

Shalikashvili was an advisor to John Kerry's 2004 Presidential campaign. He was a visiting professor at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. He served as a director of Russell Investments, L-3 Communications, Inc., Plug Power Inc., United Defense, Inc., the Initiative for Global Development,^[12] and the National Bureau of Asian Research.

Shalikashvili was married to Joan and had one son, Brant, a graduate of Washington State University. John also had a daughter Debra.

Shalikashvili suffered a severe stroke on August 7, 2004 that paralyzed his left side.^[13]

In 2006 the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR) launched the John M. Shalikashvili Chair in National Security Studies to recognize Shalikashvili for his years of military service and for his leadership on NBR’s Board of Directors.^[14]

In 2007, Shalikashvili penned an op-ed in the New York Times calling for a reversal of Don't ask, don't tell.^[15] A similar op-ed by him appeared in the June 19, 2009, issue of the Washington Post.^[16] The policy was reversed July 22, 2011, the day before his death.

Shalikashvili died at the age of 75 on July 23, 2011, at the Madigan Army Medical Center in Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, from a stroke.^[17] He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.^[18]

Personal life

Awards and decorations

Badge	Combat Infantryman Badge
1st row	Defense Distinguished Service Medal			Distinguished Service Medal
2nd row	Legion of Merit		Bronze Star Medal		Meritorious Service Medal
3rd row	Air Medal		Joint Service Commendation Medal		Army Commendation Medal
4th row	Presidential Medal of Freedom		National Defense Service Medal		Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
5th row	Vietnam Service Medal		Southwest Asia Service Medal		Humanitarian Service Medal
6th row	Army Service Ribbon		Army Overseas Service Ribbon		Inter-American Defense Board Medal
7th row	Vietnam Gallantry Cross with two silver and one bronze star		Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal		Brazilian Order of Military Merit, Knight
8th row	Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland		Meritorious Service Medal of Canada		Vietnam Campaign Medal
Badge	Parachutist Badge
Badges	Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge			United States Army Staff Identification Badge
Badge	9th Infantry Division Combat Service Identification Badge

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Shalikashvili.

• Shalikashvili calls for rethinking ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’
• Andrew Marble, "In Memoriam: How General John Shalikashvili 'Paid It Forward' to 500,000 Others," Joint Forces Quarterly 63 (October 2011), 4–5.
• The Life and Legacy of Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, Q&A with Shali biographer Andrew Marble (August 2011)
• Appearances on C-SPAN

Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
	Bradley Radford Twining Lemnitzer Taylor Wheeler Moorer Brown Jones Vessey Crowe Powell Jeremiah (acting) Shalikashvili Shelton Myers Pace Mullen Dempsey Dunford