John Strong Newberry
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John Strong Newberry (December 22, 1822 – December 7, 1892) was an American geologist, physician, explorer, author, and a member of the Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
Biography
He was born at Windsor, Connecticut. Most of his early life was spent in the Western Reserve of Ohio. He graduated from Western Reserve University in 1846 and from Cleveland Medical School in 1848. After two years of study in medicine and paleontology at Paris, he established his medical practice in Cleveland (1851).
In 1855 he joined an exploring expedition under Lieutenant Williamson, sent out by the War Department to examine the country between San Francisco and the Columbia River. In 1857–58 he acted as geologist to an expedition headed by Lieutenant Joseph Christmas Ives, sent out to explore the Colorado River, and he served as naturalist on an expedition in 1859 under Captain Macomb, which explored southwestern Colorado and adjacent parts of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, finding the remains of the dinosaur Dystrophaeus. He was the first geologist known to visit the Grand Canyon. He was called to a professorship at Columbian (now George Washington) University in 1857. Newberry was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1860.[1]
He was elected a member of the United States Sanitary Commission on 14 June 1861. His medical knowledge and experience in the army led to his becoming an important member of that commission. The first sanitary inspection of troops in the west was made at Cairo, Illinois, by him, in connection with Rev. Henry W. Bellows and Dr. William H. Mussey. In September 1861, he resigned from the Army and became secretary of the Western Department of the Sanitary Commission, having supervision of all the work of the commission in the Mississippi Valley, with headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky.
The first distributing depot in the west was opened in Wheeling, West Virginia, on 8 October and was the source from which the hospitals at Wheeling, Clarksburg, Parkersburg, and other military points were supplied with a large part of their equipment. Dr. Newberry organized the whole of the comprehensive machinery of the commission in the large section that was committed to his care, and by his practical suggestions and enthusiasm stimulated the formation of the tributary societies. From 1 September 1861 until 1 July 1866, he expended more than $800,000 in money, and distributed hospital stores that were valued at more than $5,000,000. During this time the names of more than 850,000 soldiers were collected and recorded in the hospital directory in Louisville, and food and shelter were given in the various homes of the commission to more than 1,000,000 soldiers, for whom no other adequate provision was made.
In 1866 he was offered the chair of geology and paleontology in the School of Mines, Columbia College (now Columbia University), which he accepted and held for 24 years. During his connection with this institution, he created a museum of over 100,000 specimens, principally collected by himself, which served to illustrate his lectures in paleontology and economic geology. At that time, it contained the best representations of the mineral resources of the United States to be found anywhere, as well as many unique and remarkable fossils.
His other positions were: director of the Ohio Geological Survey; a member of the Illinois Geological Survey; president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; president of the New York Academy of Sciences; and president of the Torrey Botanical Club. During the World's fair in Philadelphia in 1876 he was one of the judges. In 1887, He was elected an Associate Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[2] He assisted in the organization of the Geological Society of America at Cleveland in 1888, and served on the commission to organize an international geological congress, of which he was president in 1891. The Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London was awarded to him in 1888.
Newberry died at New Haven on December 7, 1892. Newberry Crater, Oregon (now in the Newberry National Volcanic Monument) was named in his honor in 1903.
Works
Dr. Newberry's separate papers contributed to various periodicals included upward of 200 titles, chiefly in the departments of geology and paleontology, but also in zoology and botany. In addition, he authored or contributed to:
- Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practical and Economic Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast, Made in 1855–56 (Washington, 1857). His reports on the geology, botany, and zoology of northern California are contained in the sixth volume.
- Report on the Colorado River of the West, Explored in 1857–58 (Washington, 1861). His observations formed the most interesting material that was gathered by the expedition, and made up fully half of this report.
- Reports of the Exploring Expedition from Santa Fé to the Junction of the Grande and Green Rivers (Washington, 1876). A large area of this country was before unknown, but proved to be rich in minerals and to be covered with the traces of an ancient civilization. This information was his contribution to this report.
- The Rock Oils of Ohio (1859)
- Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Ohio (1860)
- The U. S. Sanitary Commission in the Valley of the Mississippi (Cleveland, 1871)
- Iron Resources of the United States (1874)
- The Structure and Relations of Dinichthys (1875)
- Report on the Fossil Fishes Collected on the Illinois Geological Survey (1886)
- The flora of the Amboy Clays. (Abstract) (1886)
- Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley (1888)
- Paleozoic Fishes of North America (1889)
- Later Extinct Floras (1898)
Notes
- ↑ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
- ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter N" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ↑ IPNI. Newb.
References
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Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, eds. (1900). "Newberry, John Strong". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton. - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newberry, John Strong". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This work in turn cites:
- Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Newberry, John Strong". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Further reading
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: John Strong Newberry |
- C. A. White, Biographical Memoir of John Strong Newberry (Washington, 1908)
- John Strong Newberry — Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences