Judiciary of Mongolia

The judiciary of Mongolia is made up of a three-tiered court system (first instance, appellate, supreme court) divided into three branches (civil, criminal, administrative cases). For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. Besides there are forms of alternative dispute resolution.

First instance

First instance court types are:^[1]

• District first instance court for civil cases (Mongolian: дүүргийн Иргэний хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / дүүргийн ИХАШ шүүх)
• District first instance court for criminal cases (дүүргийн Эрүүгийн хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / дүүргийн ЭХАШ шүүх)
  • Number:^[2] 4 each; named after Ulaanbaatar city districts.
• Inter-soum first instance court for civil cases (сум дундын Иргэний хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / сум дундын ИХАШ шүүх)
• Inter-soum first instance court for criminal cases (сум дундын Эрүүгийн хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / сум дундын ЭХАШ шүүх)
  • Number: 21 each; named after an aimag.
• Inter-soum court (сум дундын шүүх)
  • Number: 8; each named after an aimag's soum.
• First instance court for administrative cases (захиргааны хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / ЗХАШ шүүх)
  • Number: 22; one for Ulaanbaatar and each aimag.

The Bayan-Ölgii courts of first instance bear alternative Kazakh names (Сұмын аралық азаматтық/Сұмын аралық қылмыстық/Әкімшілік істер алғашқы сатылы сот).^[3]

Appellate instance

Appellate court types are:^[1]

• Capital city appellate court for civil cases (нийслэлийн Иргэний хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / нийслэлийн ИХДЗШ шүүх)^[4]
• Capital city appellate court for criminal cases (нийслэлийн Эрүүгийн хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / нийслэлийн ЭХДЗШ шүүх)^[5]
  • Number: 1 each.
• Aimag appellate court for civil cases (аймгийн Иргэний хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / аймгийн ИХДЗШ шүүх)
• Aimag appellate court for criminal cases (аймгийн Эрүүгийн хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / аймгийн ЭХДЗШ шүүх)
  • Number: 8 each; named after the aimags concerned.
• Appellate court for administrative cases (Захиргааны хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / ЗХДЗШ шүүх)^[6]
  • Number: 1.

Supreme court

The highest court in the three-tiered court system of Mongolia is the Supreme Court of Mongolia (Улсын Дээд Шүүх),^[7] established in 1927. There are chambers for civil, criminal and administrative cases.

Additional legislation and bodies

Procedure

The courts' procedure is governed by the Law on civil procedure,^[8] the Criminal procedure law,^[9] the Law on the execution of court decisions,^[10] and the Law on administrative procedure.^[11]

Court administration

The Judicial General Council of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Шүүхийн ерөнхий зөвлөл)^[12] is to maintain the independence of the judiciary.^[13] The status of judges is determined by a separate law.^[14] The number of judges for each court is set by parliament.^[15]

Alternative dispute resolution

For commercial disputes there is among others the Mongolian International and National Arbitration Center (MINAC; Монголын Олон Улсын ба Үндэсний Арбитр), established in 1960 at the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI).^[16][17] The Law on mediation and conciliation^[18] provides for further forms of alternative dispute resolution.

Constitutional court

Mongolia's highest court is the Constitutional Court of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Үндсэн хуулийн цэц).^[19] It was established in 1992 and has its own procedural law.^[20]

References