Jules Jammal
| Jules Yusuf Jammal جول يوسف جمال | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born |
29 April 1932 al-Mishtaya, Syria |
| Died |
29 October 1956 (aged 24) Port Said, Egypt |
| Nationality | Syrian |
| Religion | Orthodox Christian |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 Syria Egypt |
| Service/branch |
Syrian Navy Egyptian Navy |
| Rank | First lieutenant |
Jules Yusuf Jammal (Arabic: جول يوسف جمال) is said to have been a Syrian military officer, born 1 April 1932, who killed himself in a suicide attack on 29 October 1956 during the Suez Crisis, in Egypt.
According to a narrative prevailing in the Arab world, Jammal rammed his boat into a French warship, thereby sinking the ship. This story is given credence in some sources. However, as related in the 1967 book Six days in June: Israel's fight for survival[1] by Washington correspondent and historian Robert J. Donovan,[2] the tale is false but gained traction in the Arab world after being aired on Radio Cairo. It is cited as an example of the "potency of [the station] to propagate myths [as being] beyond dispute."[1]
Narrative
According to sources from Arab countries, Jammal's biography and actions are the following: He was born in al-Mishtaya, a village located between Homs and Latakia,[3] into an Arab Orthodox Christian family. He later joined the Syrian Navy as an officer. During the 1956 Suez Crisis, he is said to have volunteered in the name of Arab nationalism to launch a suicide bomb attack against the tripartite invasion by Israel, the UK and France into the Sinai Peninsula in order to capture the Suez Canal. Jammal activated a suicide bomb when he rammed his boat into a French ship, destroying it and dying in the process.[4]
It is unclear which actual ship he is supposed to have sunk. One source calls the ship at issue the "liner Jean D’Arc"[4][5] and another the "French warship, Jeanne D’Arc".[6] There was a French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc in service at that time, but it was decommissioned in 1964 rather than sunk. Some sources name the battleship Jean Bart,[7] which did see action in the Suez Canal, but that vessel was also not sunk; it was decommissioned in 1961.
Legacy
He received the highest military medal by the Syrian government after his death. Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser gave him the Egyptian military star. He also received the high honors by the Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and the medal of St Peter and St Paul from the same church.
There are a number of streets named after him, including two in Syria (in Damascus and in Latakia), two in Egypt (one in the Muhandseen area of Giza, Cairo and another in Alexandria) and one in the Palestinian Authority region (Ramallah). Syrian President Hafez al-Assad received his secondary education at the Jules Jammal High School in Latakia.
A 1960 film called The Giants of the Sea (in Arabic: عمالقة البحر pronnounced "Amaliqat el Bahr") was released, directed by Al Sayyed Badir and starring Ahmed Mazhar, Abdel Monhem Ibrahim and Nadia Lutfi. Jules was played by his brother, Adel Jammal.[8]
Arab film director Gassan Abdullah announced plans to make a film about Jammal in 2008, since he was regarded as a hero for many in Syria and Egypt for his Arab nationalism.[9]
The Grand Mufti of Syria, Ahmad Bader Hassoun, mentioned Jammal in a speech aimed at Western countries, warning that Syrians and Lebanese would engage in suicide bomb attacks against Europe and the United States if they bombed Syria during the 2011 Syrian uprising. He cited Jammal as an example of a non-Muslim Syrian who carried out a suicide bomb martyrdom attack on the west, and warned that non-Muslims would assist Syria in those attacks.[10]
References
- 1 2 Robert J. Donovan (1967). Six days in June: Israel's Fight for Survival. New York: New American Library. p. 36. OCLC 1053422.
- ↑ Ramirez, Anthony (10 August 2003). "Obituary: Robert J. Donovan, 90, the Author of 'PT-109'". The New York Times.
- ↑ موقع المشتاية الرسمي - المجلة
- 1 2 Jules Jammal (1932 1956), the famous officer in the Syrian Navy who fought in the Suez Canal war of 1956: Syrian History
- ↑ Jules Jammal: Syrian History
- ↑ Middle East analysis by Sami Moubayed - Reflections on May 6, Mideastviews.com; accessed 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Pierre Rondout (1961). The Changing Patterns of the Middle East (Revised ed.). Praeger. p. 161., which refers to the Jean Bart as a "cruiser"
- ↑ AHMED FAWAZ La rencontre entre le Président et son second remonte à la fin des années quarante, sur les bancs du lycée Jules Jammal, dans la ville côtière de Lattaquié. Tous deux étaient membres du parti Baas. Cette rencontre n'était, Le Nouvel Afrique Asie, page 23.
- ↑ "Rising above odds to resurrect leaders", gulfnews.com; accessed 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Mufti of Syria Ahmad Badr Al-Din Hassoun Threatens to Activate Suicide Bombers in Europe and the U.S., memri.org; accessed 15 June 2015.