Lichida

Lichida
Temporal range: Tremadocian–Frasnian
Terataspis grandis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Trilobita
Order: Lichida
Moore, 1959
Families[1]
  • Lichidae
  • Lichakephalidae

Lichida is an order of typically spiny trilobite that lived from the Tremadocian to the Devonian period.[2] These trilobites usually have 8–13 thoracic segments.[1] Their exoskeletons often have a grainy texture or have wart or spine-like tubercles. Some species are extraordinarily spiny, having spiny thoracic segments that are as long or longer than the entire body, from cephalon (head) to pygidium (tail). The sections of the pygidia are leaf-like in shape and also typically end in spines.

The order is divided into two families, Lichidae, and Lichkephalidae.[1] Some experts group the families of the closely related order Odontopleurida within Lichida, too, whereupon the family is then divided into three superfamilies, Dameselloidea, containing the family Damesellidae, Lichoidea, containing the families Lichidae and Lichakephalidae, and Odontopleuroidea, containing the family Odontopleuridae.

Taxa traditionally placed within Lichida

As mentioned earlier, the order Lichida is divided into two families.

Lichidae

  • Acanthopyge
  • Akantharges
  • Allolichas
  • Amphilichas
  • Apatolichas
  • Arctinurus
  • Autoloxolichas
  • Borealarges
  • Ceratarges
  • Conolichas
  • Craspedarges
  • Dicranogmus
  • Dicranopeltis
  • Echinolichas
  • Eifliarges
  • Gaspelichas
  • Hemiarges
  • Homolichas
  • Hoplolichas
  • Hoplolichoides
  • Jasperia
  • Leiolichas
  • Lichas
  • Lobopyge
  • Lyralichas
  • Mephiarges
  • Metaleiolichas
  • Metalichas
  • Metopolichas
  • Neolichas
  • Nipponarges
  • Ohleum
  • Oinochoe
  • Otarozoum
  • Paraleiolichas
  • Perunaspis
  • Platylichas
  • Probolichas
  • Pseudotupolichas
  • Radiolichas
  • Richterarges
  • Rontrippia
  • Terataspis
  • Terranovia
  • Trimerolichas
  • Trochurus
  • Uralichas
  • Uripes

Lichakephalidae

  • Acidaspidella
  • Acidaspides
  • Acidaspidina
  • Archikainella
  • Belovia
  • Bestjubella
  • Brutonia
  • Colossaspis
  • Eoacidaspis
  • Lichakephalus
  • Lichokephalina
  • Metaacidaspis
  • Paraacidaspis
  • Usoviana

References

  1. 1 2 3 S. M. Gon III (January 1, 2008). "Pictorial guide to the order Lichida". Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  2. ↑ H. B. Whittington (2002). "Lichidae (Trilobita): morphology and classification". Journal of Paleontology. 76 (2): 306–320. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0306:LTMAC>2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 1307144.

Further reading

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