List of Augustae
Augusta (Classical Latin: [awˈɡʊsta]; plural Augustae; Greek: αὐγούστα[1]), was a Roman imperial honorific title given to empresses and honoured women of the imperial families. It was the feminine form of Augustus In the third century, Augustae could also receive the titles of Mater Castrorum ("Mother of the Camp") and Mater Patriae ("Mother of the Fatherland").
The title implied the greatest prestige. Augustae could issue their own coinage, wear imperial regalia, rule their own courts.[1]
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Principate period
Main article: Principate
Julio-Claudian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Livia Livia Drvsilla Ivlia Avgvsta |
30 January 58 BC | AD 14 | Wife of Emperor Augustus. | 28 September AD 29 |
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Antonia Minor Antonia Minor |
31 January 36 BC Athens |
AD 41 (posthumous) |
Mother of Emperor Claudius. | AD 37 Rome |
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Agrippina the Younger Ivlia Avgvsta Agrippina |
7 November AD 15 Oppidum Ubiorum |
AD 50 | Wife of Emperor Claudius | 23 March AD 59 Misenum |
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Poppaea Sabina Poppaea Avgvsta Sabina |
AD 30 Pompeii |
AD 63 | Wife of Emperor Nero. | AD 65 Rome |
| Claudia Augusta Clavdia Avgvsta |
21 January AD 63 Antium |
AD 63 | Daughter of Emperor Nero. | April AD 63 |
Flavian dynasty
Main article: Flavian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domitilla the Younger Flavia Domitilla Avgvsta |
45 | Before 80 | Daughter of Emperor Vespasian. | 66 |
Nerva–Antonine dynasty
Main article: Nerva–Antonine dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Pompeia Plotina Pompeia Plotina Clavdia Phoebe Piso |
54–68 | 105 | Wife of Emperor Trajan. | 123 |
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Ulpia Marciana Vlpia Marciana Avgvsta |
48 | 105 | Sister of Emperor Trajan. | 112–114 |
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Salonia Matidia Salonia Matidia Avgvsta |
4 July 68 | 112 | Niece of Emperor Trajan. | 23 December 119 |
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Vibia Sabina Vibia Sabina Avgvsta |
83 | 128 | Wife of Emperor Hadrian. | 136–137 |
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Faustina the Elder Annia Galeria Favstina Avgvsta Maior |
21 September 100 | 138 | Wife of Emperor Antoninus Pius. | 140 |
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Faustina the Younger Annia Galeria Favstina Avgvsta Minor |
125–130 | 1 December 147[2] | Daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius; wife of Emperor Marcus Aurelius; mother of Emperor Commodus. | 175 |
| Lucilla Annia Avrelia Galeria Lvcilla Avgvsta |
148–150 | 164 | Daughter of Emperor Marcus Aurelius and wife of Emperor Lucius Verus. | 182 | |
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Bruttia Crispina Brvttia Crispina Avgvsta |
164 Rome |
177 | Wife of Emperor Commodus. | 191 Capri |
Year of the Five Emperors
Main article: Year of the Five Emperors
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Manlia Scantilla Manlia Scantilla |
193 | Wife of Emperor Didius Julianus. | 193 | |
| Didia Clara Didia Clara |
153 Rome |
193 | Daughter of Emperor Didius Julianus. | Unknown |
Severan dynasty
Main article: Severan dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Fulvia Plautilla Pvblia Fvlvia Plavtilla Avgvsta |
185—189 | 210s | Wife of Emperor Caracalla. | 212 |
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Julia Cornelia Paula Jvlia Cornelia Pavla |
219 | First wife of Emperor Elagabalus. | ||
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Aquilia Severa Ivlia Aqvilia Severa Avgvsta |
220 | Second and fourth wife of Emperor Elagabalus. | ||
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Julia Avita Mamaea Ivlia Avita Mamaea Avgvsta |
180 | 222 | Mother of Emperor Alexander Severus and co-regent, in his name, during his adolescence. | 235 |
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Sallustia Orbiana Seia Herennia Sallvstia Barbia Orbiana Avgvsta |
225 | Wife of Emperor Alexander Severus. |
Crisis of the Third Century
Main article: Crisis of the Third Century
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Tranquillina Fvria Sabinia Tranqvillina Avgvsta |
c. 225 | 241 | Wife of Emperor Gordian III. | After 244 |
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Marcia Otacilia Severa Marcia Otacilia Severa Avgvsta |
240s | Wife of the Emperor Philip the Arab. | ||
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Herennia Etruscilla Annia Cvpressenia Herennia Etrvscilla Avgvsta |
September 249 | 240s | Wife of Emperor Trajan Decius; mother of Emperor Herennius Etruscus and Emperor Hostilian. | June 251 |
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Mariniana Egnatia Mariniana Avgvsta |
250s | Wife of Emperor Valerian. | ||
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Cornelia Supra Caia Cornelia Svpera Avgvsta |
253 | Wife of Aemilianus. | ||
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Cornelia Salonina Ivlia Cornelia Salonina Avgvsta |
Unknown | 253 | Wife of Emperor Gallienus. | 268 |
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Sulpicia Dryantilla Svlpicia Dryantilla |
c. 260 | Wife of usurper Emperor Regalianus, who named her avgvsta as part of legitimizing his claim. | 260 | |
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Zenobia Ivlia Avrelia Zenobia |
240 | 267 | Queen of the Palmyrene Empire, a short lived splinter empire that revolted during the Crisis. She proclaimed herself avgvsta and annexed the Eastern Mediterranean from Rome. | c. 275 |
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Ulpia Severina Vlpia Severina Avgvsta |
274 | Wife of Emperor Aurelian; possibly reigned in her own right after the death of her husband in 275. | ||
| Magnia Urbica Magnia Vrbica Avgvsta |
283 | Wife of Emperor Carinus. |
Dominate period
Main article: Dominate
Tetrarchy
Main article: Tetrarchy
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galeria Valeria Galeria Valeria Avgvsta |
308 | Daughter of Emperor Diocletian and wife of Emperor Galerius. | 315 | ||
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Helena of Constantinople Flavia Ivlia Helena Avgvsta |
246—250 | After 312 | Wife of Emperor Constantius Chlorus and mother of Constantine I. | 18 August 330 |
Constantinian dynasty
Main article: Constantinian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Constantina Avgvsta |
307—317 | After 312 | Daughter of Emperor Constantine I. | 354 |
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Albia Dominica Albia Dominica Avgvsta |
c. 337 | 364—378 | Wife of Emperor Valens. | After 378 |
Theodosian dynasty
Main article: Theodosian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Aelia Flaccilla Aelia Flavia Flaccilla Avgvsta |
Before 385 | Wife of Emperor Theodosius I. | 386 | |
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Aelia Eudoxia Aelia Evdoxia Avgvsta |
9 January 400 | Wife of Emperor Arcadius and nominal ruler. | 6 October 404 | |
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Pulcheria Aelia Pvlcheria Avgvsta |
19 January 398–399 | 414 | Daughter of Arcadius, sister of Theodosius II, sole ruler for a month following the death of Theodosius, co-ruler with her forced husband Marcian. | July 453 |
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Galla Placidia Aelia Galla Placidia Avgvsta |
392 | c. 416 | Daughter of Theodosius I, wife of Constantius III, regent for her son Valentinian III. | 27 November 450 |
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Aelia Eudocia Aelia Evdocia Avgvsta |
401 | 2 January 423 | Wife of Theodosius II | 20 October 460 |
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Justa Grata Honoria Ivsta Grata Honoria Avgvsta |
After 426 | Sister of Valentinian III. | ||
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Licinia Eudoxia Licinia Evdoxia Avgvsta |
422 | 439 | Daughter of Theodosius II, Wife of Valentinian III. | 462 |
Leonid dynasty
Main article: Leonid dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zenonis Aelia Zenonis |
475 | Wife of Basiliscus. | 476–477 |
Byzantine period
Main article: History of the Byzantine Empire
Justinian dynasty
Main article: Justinian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Theodora Θεοδώρα, Theodora Augusta |
c. 500 | 9 August 527 | Wife of Justinian I. | 28 June 548 |
| Sophia Σοφία, Aelia Sophia Augusta |
568 | Wife of Justin II, intermittent regent. | c. 601 | ||
| Ino Anastasia Ἰνὼ, Aelia Anastasia Augusta |
578 | Wife of Emperor Tiberius II. | 593 | ||
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Constantina Κωνσταντῖνα |
c. 560 | 582 | Wife of Emperor Maurice. | c. 605 |
| Leontia Λεοντία |
602 | Wife of Emperor Phocas. |
Heraclian dynasty
Main article: Heraclian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augustina, Αὐγουστίνα |
639 | Daughter of Heraclius. | |||
| Martina Μαρτίνα |
639 | Second wife of Heraclius. | |||
| Fausta Φαύστα |
c. 630 | 642 | Wife of Constans II. | After 668 |
Isaurian dynasty
Main article: Isaurian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maria Μαρία |
25 August 718 | Wife of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian. | |||
| Anna Ἄννα |
741–742 | Wife of Artabasdos. | |||
| Eudokia Ευδοκια |
1 April 769 | Third wife of Emperor Constantine V. | |||
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Irene of Athens Eἰρήνη η Ἀθηναία |
c. 752 | 17 December 769 | Wife of Emperor Leo IV the Khazar, empress dowager and regent from 780 to 797. | 9 August 803 |
Nikephorian dynasty
Main article: Nikephorian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prokopia Προκοπία |
c. 770 | 12 October 811 | Daughter of Emperor Nikephoros I and wife of Michael I Rhangabe. | After 813 |
Amorian dynasty
Main article: Amorian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Theodora Θεοδώρα |
c. 815 | 830 | Wife of Emperor Theophilos and regent. | After 867 |
 |
Thekla Θέκλα |
830s | Daughter of Theophilos. | ||
|
Anna Ἄννα |
830s | Daughter of Emperor Theophilos. | ||
|
Anastasia Ἀναστασία |
830s | Daughter of Emperor Theophilos. |
Macedonian dynasty
Main article: Macedonian dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zoe Zaoutzaina Ζωή Ζαούτζαινα |
898 | Third wife of Leo VI the Wise | May 899 | ||
| Theodora Θεοδώρα |
921 | Wife of Romanos I. | 20 February 922 | ||
| Helena Lekapene Ἑλένη Λεκαπηνή |
c. 910 | February 922 | Wife of Constantine VII. | 19 September 961 | |
| Sophia Σοφία |
February 922 | Wife of Christopher Lekapenos. | |||
| Anna Ἄννα |
933 | Daughter of Gabalas and wife of Stephen Lekapenos. |
Komnenid dynasty
Main article: Komnenid dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catherine of Bulgaria Αἰκατερίνη |
before 1018 | 1057 | Empress-consort of Emperor Isaac I Komnenos. | after 1059 |
Doukid dynasty
Main article: Doukid dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Eudokia Makrembolitissa Ευδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα |
c. 1021 | 1059–1067 | Second wife of Emperor Constantine X Doukas and later became the wife of Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes. | 1096 |
Komnenid dynasty
Main article: Komnenid dynasty
| Portrait | Name | Birth | Date of naming | Description | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anna Dalassena Ἄννα Δαλασσηνή |
1025 | 1081 | Mother of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. | 1102 |
See also
References
- 1 2 Kazhdan 1991, pp. 694–695.
- ↑ Barbara Levick (2014). Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age. Oxford University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-19-537941-9.
Sources
- Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York, New York and Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
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