List of Lisp-family programming languages

The Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older (by one year).[1][2] Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history. Today, the most widely known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp and Scheme.

Language Year started Created by (at) Comments References
Arc 2008 Paul Graham Arc is a dialect of the Lisp programming language developed by Paul Graham and Robert Morris. [3]
AutoLISP 1986 David Betz Built specifically for use with the full version of AutoCAD and its derivatives. [4]
ACL2 1990 Robert Boyer
J Moore
Matt Kaufmann 		A Computational Logic for Applicative Common Lisp consists of a programming language, an extensible theory in a first-order logic, and a mechanical theorem prover. [5]
BBN LISP 1966 BBN BBN LISP was based on L. Peter Deutsch's implementation of Lisp for the PDP-1, which was developed from 1960 to 1964. Over time the language was expanded until it became its own separate dialect in 1966. Later it was renamed to Interlisp. [6]
Cadence SKILL 1990 Cadence Design Systems SKILL is used as a scripting language and PCell description language used in many EDA software suites by Cadence Design Systems. [7]
Clojure 2007 Rich Hickey Clojure is a Lisp dialect with an emphasis on functional programming. It runs on the Java Virtual Machine, Common Language Runtime, and JavaScript engines. Like other Lisps, Clojure treats code as data and has a macro system. [8]
Common Lisp 1984 ANSI X3J13 committee Common Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 that was developed as a standardized and improved successor of Maclisp. Common Lisp is statically and dynamically scoped. It integrates the Object-oriented programming paradigm well. Common Lisp runs on various platforms: Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, JVM, Javascript, Unix/C, LLVM/C++, Android, iOS. Like other Lisps, Common Lisp treats code as data and has a macro system. [9]
Emacs Lisp 1976 Richard Stallman Emacs Lisp is used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors for implementing most of the editing functionality built into Emacs. Emacs Lisp is also referred to as Elisp. [10]
EuLisp 1990 EuLisp is a statically and dynamically scoped Lisp dialect developed by a loose formation of industrial and academic Lisp users and developers from around Europe. The standardizers intended to create a new Lisp "less encumbered by the past" (compared to Common Lisp), and not so minimalistic as Scheme. Another objective was to integrate the Object-oriented programming paradigm well. [11]
Franz Lisp 1970s Richard Fateman Franz Lisp was written at UC Berkeley by the students of Professor Richard J. Fateman, based largely on Maclisp and distributed with the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) for the Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) VAX. [12]
Game Oriented Assembly Lisp 2000s Andy Gavin Game Oriented Assembly Lisp is a video game programming language developed by Andy Gavin and the Jak and Daxter team at Naughty Dog. It was written using Allegro Common Lisp and used in the development of the entire Jak and Daxter series of games. [13]
Interlisp 1967 BBN Interlisp is a programming environment built around a version of the Lisp programming language. Development began in 1967 at Bolt, Beranek and Newman in Cambridge, Massachusetts as BBN LISP, which ran on PDP-10 machines running the TENEX operating system. When Danny Bobrow, Warren Teitelman and Ronald Kaplan moved from BBN to Xerox PARC, it was renamed Interlisp. [14]
ISLISP 1997 WG16 ISLISP is a small, core language to help bridge the gap between differing dialects of Lisp. [15]
Le Lisp 1981 INRIA It was designed by Jérôme Chailloux and Emmanuel St. James of INRIA. [16][17][18]
Maclisp 1960s Project MAC Maclisp originated at MIT's Project MAC in the late 1960s and was based on Lisp 1.5. Richard Greenblatt was the main developer of the original codebase for the PDP-6;[19] Jon L. White was responsible for its later maintenance and development. [19]
MultiLisp 1980s Robert H. Halstead MultiLisp was a functional programming language and dialect of Scheme, extended with constructs for parallel execution and shared memory. In addition to its parallel-programming extensions, MultiLisp also had some unusual garbage collection and task scheduling algorithms. [20]
NIL 1970s MIT NIL was a 32-bit implementation of Lisp developed at MIT and intended to be the successor to Maclisp. NIL stood for "New Implementation of LISP", and was in part a response to DECs VAX computer. [21][22]
PicoLisp 1988 Alexander Burger PicoLisp is an open source Lisp dialect. Itruns on Linux and other POSIX-compliant systems. Its most prominent features are simplicity and minimalism. [23]
Racket 1994 PLT Inc. Racket is a general purpose, multi-paradigm programming language in the Lisp-Scheme family. One of its design goals is to serve as a platform for language creation, design, and implementation. The language is used in a variety of contexts such as scripting, general-purpose programming, computer science education, and research. [24][25]
Scheme 1970 Guy L. Steele
Gerald Sussman 		Scheme is a functional programming language and follows a minimalist design philosophy specifying a small standard core with powerful tools for language extension. [26]
T 1984 Jonathan A. Rees
Norman I. Adams 		The T programming language is a dialect of the Scheme programming language developed in the early 1980s by Jonathan A. Rees, Kent M. Pitman, and Norman I. Adams of Yale University as an experiment in language design and implementation. [27]
Lisp Machine Lisp 1984 Lisp Machine Lisp (sometimes named Zetalisp) is a direct descendant of Maclisp. It was developed in the mid to late 1970s as the systems programming language for the MIT Lisp machines. [28]

References

  1. ↑ "SICP: Foreword". Lisp is a survivor, having been in use for about a quarter of a century. Among the active programming languages only Fortran has had a longer life.
  2. ↑ "Conclusions".
  3. ↑ Graham, Paul. "Arc FAQ". Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  4. ↑ "AutoLISP". Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  5. ↑ "ACL2 Annotated Bibliography".
  6. ↑ "BBN-LISP". Interlisp family. Software Preservation Group. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  7. ↑ Barnes, T. J. (1990). "SKILL: a CAD system extension language". Design Automation Conference, 1990. Proceedings., 27th ACM/IEEE. DAC'90. doi:10.1109/DAC.1990.114865.
  8. ↑ "Clojure - home". clojure.org. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
  9. ↑ "CLHS: About the Common Lisp HyperSpec (TM)".
  10. ↑ "My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs". GNU. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "An Overview of EuLisp" (PDF). www.softwarepreservation.org. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  12. ↑ Gabriel, Richard P. (May 1985). Performance and evaluation of Lisp systems (PDF). MIT Press; Computer Systems Series. ISBN 0-262-07093-6. LCCN 85-15161.
  13. ↑ "[Sweng-gamedev] Higher Level Languages (Was: Next Gen Multiplatform Load Balancing)". Archived from the original on 12 April 2007.
  14. ↑ Teitelman, Warren (April 1972), "Do What I Mean", Computers and Automation: 8–11.
  15. ↑ "Programming Language ISLISP". Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  16. ↑ Jérôme Chailloux (1983). "LE LISP 80 version 12" (PDF). INRIA. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  17. ↑ J. Chailloux; M. Devin; J.M. Hullot (1984). "Le_Lisp,a portable and efficient Lisp system" (PDF). INRIA. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  18. ↑ Chailloux, Jérôme (November 2001). Le_Lisp de l'INRIA : Le Manuel de référence. Version 14. Rocquencourt France: INRIA. p. 190.
  19. 1 2 Levy, Steven (1984). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19195-2.
  20. ↑ R. H. Halstead. "A Language for Concurrent Symbolic Computation". Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  21. ↑ Gabriel, Richard P. (May 1985). Performance and evaluation of Lisp systems (PDF). MIT Press; Computer Systems Series. ISBN 978-0-262-07093-5. LCCN 85015161.
  22. ↑ Guy L Steele Jr; Richard P Gabriel. "The evolution of Lisp" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  23. ↑ Burger, Alexander. "Internal structures". software-lab.de. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  24. ↑ "Welcome to Racket". Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  25. ↑ "Dialects of Racket and Scheme". Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  26. ↑ Common LISP: The Language, 2nd Ed., Guy L. Steele Jr. Digital Press; 1981. ISBN 978-1-55558-041-4. "Common Lisp is a new dialect of Lisp, a successor to MacLisp, influenced strongly by ZetaLisp and to some extent by Scheme and InterLisp."
  27. ↑ "The T Project". Jonathan Rees. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
  28. ↑ "Lisp Machine Manual" (PDF). MIT. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
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