List of even-toed ungulates by population
The population of mammals |
---|
Key |
This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified.
Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saola | Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | < 750[1] | CR[1] | [1] | No individuals in captivity. Wild population highly dispersed, and subpopulations fragmented with numbers of mature individuals below the minimum viable population. Foremost threatened by hunting.[1] | |
Pygmy hog | Porcula salvania | 250[2] | CR[2] | [2] | Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[2] | |
Bawean deer | Axis kuhlii | 250 – 300[3] | CR[3] | [3] | Estimates are for the wild population only; may reach as high as 500.[3] | |
Addax | Addax nasomaculatus | 300[4] | CR[4] | [4] | Maximum estimate for the wild.[4] | |
Tamaraw | Bubalus mindorensis | 300[5] | CR[5] | [5] | ||
Togian babirusa | Babyrousa togeanensis | 500[6] | EN[6] | [6] | Maximum estimate.[6] | |
Walia ibex | Capra walie | 500[7] | EN[7] | [7] | ||
Dama gazelle | Nanger dama | 500[8] | CR[8] | [8] | Maximum estimate.[8] | |
Hirola | Beatragus hunteri | 500 – 2000[9] | CR[9] | [9] | May be much lower.[9] | |
Anhui musk deer | Moschus anhuiensis | 700 – 800[10] | EN[10] | [10] | Most recent estimate was in 1998.[10] | |
Przewalski's gazelle | Procapra przewalskii | 700 – 800[11] | EN[11] | [11] | Could be underestimated.[11] | |
Persian fallow deer | Dama mesopotamica | 715[12] | EN[12] | [12] | Previously thought to be extinct.[12] | |
Wild Bactrian camel | Camelus ferus | 950[13] | CR[13] | [13] | Wild population only.[13] | |
South Andean deer | Hippocamelus bisulcus | 1048 – 1500[14] | EN[14] | [14] | ||
Calamian deer | Axis calamianensis | 1123[15] | EN[15] | [15] | 1994 estimate; has almost certainly decreased.[15] | |
Abbott's duiker | Cephalophus spadix | 1500[16] | EN[16] | [16] | Maximum estimate.[16] | |
Cuvier's gazelle | Gazella cuvieri | 1750 – 2950[17] | EN[17] | unknown[17] | ||
Nilgiri tahr | Nilgiritragus hylocrius | 1800 – 2000[18] | EN[18] | [18] | ||
Pygmy hippopotamus | Choeropsis liberiensis | 2000 – 3000[19] | EN[19] | [19] | Estimate is from 1993; numbers have probably shrunk.[19] | |
Mountain anoa | Bubalus quarlesi | 2500[20] | EN[20] | [20] | Maximum estimate.[20] | |
Rhim gazelle | Gazella leptoceros | 2500[21] | EN[21] | [21] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[21] | |
Visayan spotted deer | Rusa alfredi | 2500[22] | EN[22] | [22] | Maximum estimate.[22] | |
Markhor | Capra falconeri | 2500[23] | NT[23] | [23] | Maximum estimate.[23] | |
Mountain Nyala | Tragelaphus buxtoni | 2500 – 4000[24] | EN[24] | [24] | 2500 is a maximum estimate from 1999, but recent work has shown numbers may be as high as 4000.[24] | |
European bison | Bison bonasus | 3200[25] | VU[25] | [25] | Includes 1400 domestic animals and 1800 wild. Domestic numbers are likely underestimated.[25] | |
Chacoan peccary | Catagonus wagneri | 3200[26] | EN[26] | [26] | Estimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003.[26] | |
Wild water buffalo | Bubalus arnee | 3400[27] | EN | |||
Jentink's duiker | Cephalophus jentinki | 3500[28] | EN[28] | [28] | Maximum estimate; may be less than 2000.[28] | |
Barasingha | Rucervus duvaucelii | 3500 – 5100[29] | VU[29] | [29] | ||
Nile lechwe | Kobus megaceros | 4291[30] | EN[30] | [30] | ||
Small red brocket | Mazama bororo | 4500[31] | VU[31] | [31] | Maximum estimate.[31] | |
Arabian tahr | Arabitragus jayakari | 5000[32] | EN[32] | [32] | Maximum estimate.[32] | |
West Caucasian tur | Capra caucasica | 5000 – 6000[33] | EN[33] | [33] | ||
Barbary sheep | Ammotragus lervia | 5000 – 10 000[34] | LC[34] | [34] | ||
Beira | Dorcatragus megalotis | 7000[35] | VU[35] | [35] | ||
Arabian Oryx | Oryx leucoryx | 7000 – 8000[36] | VU[36] | [36] | 6000 – 7000 in captivity and ~1000 in the wild.[36] | |
Hairy-fronted muntjac | Muntiacus crinifrons | 7000 – 8500[37] | VU[37] | [37] | Most recent estimate was in 1998.[37] | |
Banteng | Bos javanicus | 8000[38] | EN[38] | [38] | Maximum estimate; may be fewer than 5000. Numbers do not include the non-purebred domestic variety.[38] | |
Nubian ibex | Capra nubiana | 10 000[39] | VU[39] | [39] | Maximum estimate.[39] | |
Southern pudú | Pudu puda | 10 000[40] | NT[40] | [40] | Maximum estimate.[40] | |
Red goral | Naemorhedus baileyi | 10 000[41] | VU[41] | [41] | Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[41] | |
Four-horned antelope | Tetracerus quadricornis | 10 000[42] | LC[42] | [42] | ||
Javan rusa | Rusa timorensis | 10 000[43] | VU[43] | [43] | Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[22] | |
Taruca | Hippocamelus antisensis | 12 000 – 17 000[44] | VU[44] | [44] | ||
Gaur | Bos gaurus | 13 000 – 30 000[45] | VU[45] | [45] | ||
Soemmerring's gazelle | Nanger soemmerringii | 14 000[46] | VU[46] | [46] | ||
Mountain gazelle | Gazella gazella | 15 000[47] | VU[47] | [47] | Maximum estimate.[47] | |
Wild yak | Bos mutus | 15 000[48] | VU[48] | [48] | Estimate is from 1995.[48] | |
Giant eland | Tragelaphus derbianus | 15 000 – 20 000[49] | LC[49] | [49] | ||
Black wildebeest | Connochaetes gnou | 18 000[50] | LC[50] | [50] | Minimum estimate (11 000 wild and 7000 domesticated).[50] | |
Grey rhebok | Pelea capreolus | 18 000[51] | LC[51] | [51] | ||
Harvey's duiker | Cephalophus harveyi | 20 000[52] | LC[52] | [52] | Numbers may be overestimated.[52] | |
Pampas deer | Ozotoceros bezoarticus | 20 000 – 80 000[53] | NT[53] | [53] | ||
Red-fronted gazelle | Eudorcas rufifrons | 25 000[54] | VU[54] | [54] | ||
Zebra duiker | Cephalophus zebra | 28 000[55] | VU[55] | [55] | Could be overestimated; may be less than 15 000.[55] | |
Bongo | Tragelaphus eurycerus | 28 000[56] | NT[56] | [56] | Two subspecies: Mountain (75 – 140) and Lowland (28 000).[56] | |
Alpine ibex | Capra ibex | 30 000[57] | LC[57] | [57] | Was as low as 100 individuals in the 1800s.[57] | |
Silver Dik-dik | Madoqua piacentinii | 30 000[58] | DD[58] | [58] | Possibly overestimated.[58] | |
Nyala | Tragelaphus angasii | 32 000[59] | LC[59] | [59] | ||
Ogilby's duiker | Cephalophus ogilbyi | 35 000[60] | LC[60] | [60] | ||
Okapi | Okapia johnstoni | 35 000 – 50 000[61] | EN[61] | [61] | ||
Mountain reedbuck | Redunca fulvorufula | 36 000[62] | LC[62] | [62] | Minimum estimate, divided into three subspecies: Southern (33 000), Chanler's (2900), and Western (450).[62] | |
Red forest duiker | Cephalophus natalensis | 42 000[63] | LC[63] | [63] | Numbers may be underestimated.[63] | |
Klipspringer | Oreotragus oreotragus | 42 000[64] | LC[64] | [64] | Estimate is considered conservative.[64] | |
Blackbuck | Antilope cervicapra | 50 000[65] | NT[65] | [65] | Numbers have increased from 20 – 24 000 in the 1970s.[65] | |
Spanish ibex | Capra pyrenaica | 50 000[66] | LC[66] | [66] | Numbered only ~7900 in the early 1990s.[66] | |
Saiga Antelope | Saiga tatarica | 50 000[67] | CR[67] | [67] | Numbers stood at 1 250 000 in the mid-1970s.[67] | |
Royal antelope | Neotragus pygmaeus | 62 000[68] | LC[68] | [68] | Possibly underestimated.[68] | |
East African oryx | Oryx beisa | 67 000[69] | NT[69] | [69] | Divided into two subspecies: Beisa (50 000) and Fringe-eared (17 000).[69] | |
Southern reedbuck | Redunca arundinum | 73 000[70] | LC[70] | [70] | ||
Sable antelope | Hippotragus niger | 75 000[71] | LC[71] | [71] | ||
Roan antelope | Hippotragus equinus | 76 000[72] | LC[72] | [72] | ||
Giraffe | Giraffa camelopardalis | 80 000[73] | LC[73] | [73] | Maximum estimate.[73] | |
Mountain goat | Oreamnos americanus | 80 000 – 119 000[74] | LC[74] | [74] | ||
Gerenuk | Litocranius walleri | 95 000[75] | NT[75] | [75] | ||
Sharpe's Grysbok | Raphicerus sharpei | 95 000[76] | LC[76] | [76] | Difficult to study due to the animal's nocturnal nature; numbers may be underestimated.[76] | |
Japanese serow | Capricornis crispus | 100 000[77] | LC[77] | [77] | ||
Black duiker | Cephalophus niger | 100 000[78] | LC[78] | [78] | ||
Bohor reedbuck | Redunca redunca | 101 000[79] | LC[79] | [79] | Probably underestimated.[79] | |
Dall sheep | Ovis dalli | 111 500 – 116 500[80] | LC[80] | [80] | ||
Lesser kudu | Tragelaphus imberbis | 118 000[81] | NT[81] | [81] | Minimum estimate.[81] | |
Goitered gazelle | Gazella subgutturosa | 120 000 – 140 000[82] | VU[82] | [82] | ||
Hippopotamus | Hippopotamus amphibius | 125 000 – 148 000[83] | VU[83] | [83] | ||
Puku | Kobus vardonii | 130 000[84] | NT[84] | [84] | ||
Common eland | Tragelaphus oryx | 136 000[85] | LC[85] | [85] | ||
Yellow-backed duiker | Cephalophus silvicultor | 160 000[86] | LC[86] | [86] | ||
Red-flanked duiker | Cephalophus rufilatus | 170 000[87] | LC[87] | [87] | ||
Sitatunga | Tragelaphus spekii | 170 000[88] | LC[88] | [88] | Yet-to-be-published research suggests the population has been overestimated.[88] | |
Weyns's duiker | Cephalophus weynsi | 188 000[89] | LC[89] | [89] | ||
Waterbuck | Kobus ellipsiprymnus | 200 000[90] | LC[90] | [90] | About 95 000 of the Defassa subspecies and 105 000 of the Common.[90] | |
Lechwe | Kobus leche | 212 000[91] | LC[91] | [91] | Combined numbers of three subspecies: Red (98 000), Kafue (78 000), and Black (36 000).[91] | |
Bates's pygmy antelope | Neotragus batesi | 219 000[92] | LC[92] | [92] | ||
Water chevrotain | Hyemoschus aquaticus | 278 000[93] | LC[93] | [93] | ||
White-bellied duiker | Cephalophus leucogaster | 287 000[94] | LC[94] | [94] | ||
Black-fronted duiker | Cephalophus nigrifrons | 300 000[95] | LC[95] | [95] | ||
Vicuña | Vicugna vicugna | 347 273[96] | LC[96] | [96] | ||
Grant's gazelle | Nanger granti | 350 000[97] | LC[97] | [97] | ||
Hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus | 362 000[98] | LC[98] | [98] | ||
Suni | Nesotragus moschatus | 365 000[99] | LC[99] | [99] | ||
Gemsbok | Oryx gazella | 373 000[100] | LC[100] | [100] | ||
Peters's duiker | Cephalophus callipygus | 382 000[101] | LC[101] | [101] | ||
Mongolian gazelle | Procapra gutturosa | 400 000[102] | LC[102] | Unknown[102] | Estimate has dropped from 2 700 000 since 1998.[102] | |
Greater kudu | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 482 000[103] | LC[103] | [103] | ||
Salt's dik-dik | Madoqua saltiana | 485 600[104] | LC[104] | [104] | ||
Günther's dik-dik | Madoqua guentheri | 511 000[105] | LC[105] | [105] | ||
American bison | Bison bison | 530 000[106] | NT[106] | [106] | Includes 500 000 domestic animals and 30 000 wild (19 000 plains bison and 11 000 wood bison).[106] | |
Guanaco | Lama guanicoe | 535 750 – 589 750[107] | LC[107] | [107] | ||
Thomson's gazelle | Eudorcas thomsonii | 550 000[108] | NT[108] | [108] | ||
Steenbok | Raphicerus campestris | 600 000[109] | LC[40] | [109] | Considered an underestimate.[109] | |
Pronghorn | Antilocapra americana | 700 000[110] | LC[110] | [110] | Numbered over 35 million in the early 1800s and as little as 20 000 in the early 1920s.[110] | |
Bay duiker | Cephalophus dorsalis | 725 000[111] | LC[111] | [111] | ||
Oribi | Ourebia ourebi | 750 000[112] | LC[112] | [112] | ||
African buffalo | Syncerus caffer | 890 000[113] | LC[113] | [113] | Considered conservative. Divided into four subspecies: West African Savanna (27 000), Central African Savanna (133 000), Southern Savanna (670 000), & Forest (60 000).[113] | |
Kirk's dik-dik | Madoqua kirkii | 971 000[114] | LC[114] | [114] | ||
Siberian roe deer | Capreolus pygargus | 1 000 000[115] | [[Near threatened][NT]][115] | [115] | About 500 000 were hunted annually in Russia in the 1800s.[115] | |
Bushbuck | Tragelaphus scriptus | 1 340 000[116] | LC[116] | [116] | Estimate is considered conservative.[116] | |
Moose | Alces alces | 1 500 000[117] | LC[117] | [117] | ||
Blue wildebeest | Connochaetes taurinus | 1 550 000[118] | LC[118] | [118] | ||
Common duiker | Sylvicapra grimmia | 1 660 000[119] | LC[119] | [119] | Considered extremely conservative; yet-to-be-published research shows it may number as high as 10 000 000.[119] | |
Impala | Aepyceros melampus | 2 000 000[120] | LC[120] | [120] | ||
Springbok | Antidorcas marsupialis | 2 000 000 – 2 500 000[121] | LC[121] | [121] | ||
Maxwell's duiker | Philantomba maxwellii | 2 137 000[122] | LC[122] | [122] | Quite possibly underestimated.[122] | |
Blue duiker | Philantomba monticola | 7 000 000[123] | LC[123] | [123] | Estimate is considered conservative.[123] | |
Domestic goat | Capra aegagrus hircus | 850 000 000[124] | Domesticated | |||
Cattle | Bos primigenius | 1 000 000 000[125] | Domesticated | |||
Domestic pig | Sus scrofa domesticus | 1 000 000 000[126] | Domesticated | |||
Domestic sheep | Ovis aries | 1 000 000 000[126] | Domesticated | |||
Water buffalo | Bubalus bubalis | 172 000 000 incl. 3.2 Million Carabao in the Philippines[127] | Domestic | |||
See also
References
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- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Alcelaphus buselaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Nesotragus moschatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Oryx gazella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
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- 1 2 3 Heckel, J.-O., Wilhelmi, F., Kaariye, X.Y., Rayaleh, H.A. & Amir, O.G. (2008). "Madoqua saltiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
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- 1 2 3 Baldi, B., Lichtenstein G., González, B., Funes, M., Cuéllar, E., Villalba, L., Hoces, D. & Puig, S. (2008). "Lama guanicoe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Eudorcas thomsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Raphicerus campestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- 1 2 3 4 Hoffmann, M., Byers, J. & Beckmann, J. (2008). "Antilocapra americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Cephalophus dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Ourebia ourebi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Syncerus caffer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Madoqua kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 4 Gonzalez, T. & Tsytsulina, K. (2008). "Capreolus pygargus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Tragelaphus scriptus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Alces alces". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Connochaetes taurinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Sylvicapra grimmia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Aepyceros melampus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Antidorcas marsupialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Philantomba maxwellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- 1 2 3 4 IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Philantomba monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- ↑ http://www.lohmann-information.com/content/l_i_45_artikel17.pdf
- ↑ http://www.statista.com/statistics/263979/global-cattle-population-since-1990/
- 1 2 http://www.hobbyfarms.com/farm-industry-news/2011/11/22/2011-livestock-population-trends.aspx
- ↑ Borghese, A. (2011). Situation and Perspectives of Buffalo in the World, Europe and Macedonia. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 1 (2): 281–296.
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