List of sources of Chinese culinary history
This is a list of historical Chinese sources referring to Chinese cuisine. Not long after the expansion of the Chinese Empire during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC–207 BC) and Han Dynasty (202 BC–220 AD), Chinese writers noted the great differences in culinary practices among people from different parts of the realm. These differences followed to a great extent the varying climate and availability of foodstuffs in China.
Pre-Han Dynasty
Documents compiled before 206 BC.
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhouli zhushu Notes and Commentaries on the Rites of Zhou |
周禮注疏 周礼注疏 |
Government officials | An annotated version of Rites of Zhou[1] | |
| Yili zhushu Ceremonies and Rites with Commentaries[2] |
儀禮注疏 仪礼注疏 |
（燕礼、特牲馈食礼、少牢馈食礼及其它） | ||
| Liji zhengyi Book of Rites[3] |
禮記正義 礼记正义 |
Classic of Rites, 8 different delicacies and others are mentioned | ||
| Lüshi Chunqiu Mister Lü's Spring and Autumn [Annals] |
呂氏春秋 吕氏春秋 |
c. 239 BCE during the Qin Dynasty | Under the patronage of Lü Buwei. | An encyclopedic Chinese classic text compilation （本味篇） |
| Simin yueling jiaozhu | 四民月令 | Food related topics are partially mentioned in the book |
Pre-Sui states
Documents before Sui Dynasty (581–618)
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shijing Classic of Poetry |
詩經 诗经 |
As early as 1000 BC | 北魏•卢氏 著 | 食经 |
| Nanfang caomu zhuang | 南方草木狀 南方草木状 |
published in 304 | Western Jin dynasty scholar and botanist Ji Han 嵇含 | Chinese subtropical Flora |
| Qinjing | 禽經 禽经 |
|||
| Shizhen lu | 食珍錄 食珍录 |
|||
| Qimin yaoshu Essential Methods of the Common People[4] |
齊民要術 齐民要术 |
C.E. 533 and 544. | Northern Wei Dynasty official Jia Sixie | Ancient Chinese agricultural texts[5][6][7] （卷1-7部分） |
Sui Dynasty
Documents compiled during the Sui Dynasty (581–618).
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shijing | 食经 | 隋•谢讽 著 | ||
| Beitang shuchao Excerpts of Books in the Northern Hall[8] |
北堂书钞 北堂書鈔 |
Yu Shinan, an officer and calligrapher | Тhe oldest surviving leishu among existing ones, which is a kind of reference book or encyclopedia in China.[9] Includes a chapter covering beverages and foods (酒食部). |
Tang Dynasty
Documents complied during the Tang Dynasty (618–907)
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yiwen Leiju Encyclopedia of Arts and Letters |
藝文類聚 艺文类聚 |
Ouyang Xun, a calligrapher | А poetic encyclopedia[10][11] （卷72食物部其它） | |
| Beiji Qianjin yaofang The Precious Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold |
備急千金要方 备急千金要方 |
Sun Simiao known as King of Medicine | Along with Qian Jin Yi Fang ("Supplement to the Formulas of a Thousand Gold Worth"), both significantly contribute to the development of Chinese medicine.[12]（卷26食治） | |
| Shipu Recipe Manuals |
食譜 食谱 |
a generic term to refer to recipe books during the Tang Dynasty.[13] | ||
| Shiliao bencao Materia Medica for Successful Dietary Therapy[14] |
食療本草 食疗本草 |
684[15] or 701- 104 and 721- 739[16] |
Meng Shen and Zhang Ding[17] | The earliest complete dietary work. Based on Meng Shen's book Buyang fang (Prescription to Replenish and Nourish), Zhang Ding expanded it and renamed it as such.[16] （1卷残） |
| Chajing The Classic of Tea |
茶經 茶经 |
written between 760 and 780 | Lu Yu | The very first monograph on tea in the world that records Chinese methods of tea cultivation and preparation.[18][19] |
| Jiancha shuiji Note on Brewing Tea[20] |
煎茶水記 煎茶水记 |
Zhang Youxin (張又新), a tea expert | Discusses the way of tea brewing and suggests a trend towards more study of tea.[21][22] | |
| Shiyi xinjian A Revised Mirror for the Dietitian |
食醫心鑑 食医心鉴 |
published in 850 | Unknown | Food therapy[23][24] |
| Youyang zazu Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang |
酉陽雑俎 酉阳杂俎 |
published approximately in 853 | Duan Chengshi | A miscellany of Chinese and foreign legends and hearsay, reports on natural phenomena, short anecdotes, and tales of the wondrous and mundane, as well as notes on such topics as medicinal herbs and tattoos. （酒食） |
| Lingbiao lu yiji Strange Southern Ways of Men and Things |
嶺表錄異記 岭表录异记 |
written between 889 and 904 | Liu Xun (劉恂) | [25][26]（部分） |
| Shanfujing shoulu The Manuscript of the Diet Minister's Classic |
膳夫經手錄 膳夫经手录 |
856 | Yang Yezhuan | Introduces many formulae for diet therapy[27] |
| Shanfulu Chef's Manuals |
膳夫錄 膳夫录 |
Southern Sung | Zheng Wang (鄭望) | Anecdotes[28] |
Song Dynasty
Documents complied during the Song Dynasty (960–1279)
The population of China doubled in size during the 10th and 11th centuries. This growth came through expanded rice cultivation in central and southern China, the use of early-ripening rice from southeast and southern Asia, and the production of abundant food surpluses.[29][30]
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shipu | ||||
| Qingyilu Records of the Unworldly and the Strange |
淸異錄 清异录 |
950 | [31] | |
| Taiping yulan Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era |
太平御覽 太平御览 |
977 to 983 | Li Fang | An encyclopedia (卷843-867饮食) |
| Sunpu Treatise on Bamboo Shoots |
筍譜 笋谱 |
circa. 970 | Zang Ning, a monk | 98 kinds of bamboo[32] |
| Benxinzhai shushipu Vegetarian Recipes from the Study of the True Heart[33] |
本心齋蔬食譜 本心斋蔬食谱 |
13th century | Chen Dasou (陳達叟) | Cookery |
| Shanjia qinggong The Simple Foods of the Mountain Folk[34] |
山家淸供 山家清供 |
13th century | Lin Hong (林洪), Zhao Xigu a connoisseur | The book introduces food and beverages of hermits in the mountains[35] and usages of sugar in cookery[36] It also mentions a proverb related to pasta[37] |
| Rucao jishi | 茹草记事 | Published in 1646 | Lin Hong, Tao Zongyi, Tao Ting | [38] |
| Shidafu shishi wuguan Five Considerations When scholar officials eat* |
士大夫食時五觀 士大夫食时五观 |
between 1045–1105 | Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher | Deals with five points of etiquette when shidafu (gentlemen or officials) eat meat.[39][40] |
| Shouqin yanglao xinshu A New Book of Supporting Parents for Longevity[41] |
壽親養老新書 寿亲养老新书 |
Zou Xuan | [42][43] | |
| Beishan jiujing The Wine Classic of North Mountain |
北山酒經 北山酒经 |
between 1535–1615 | Zhu Hong | The first book extant entirely focused on wine and wine making[44][45] |
| Yushipi | 玉食批 | |||
| Chalu The Record of Tea |
茶錄 茶录 |
Cai Xiang | A renowned tea book[46] | |
| Lizhi pu Note of Litchi |
荔枝譜 荔枝谱 |
1059 | Cai Xiang | The first monograph on any fruit tree written by a Chinese writer, in which over 30 varieties of fruit are mentioned along with Litchi.[47][48] |
| Dongxi shichalu | 東溪試茶錄 东溪试茶录 |
|||
| Pincha yaolu | 品茶要錄 品茶要录 |
|||
| Jiupu | 酒譜 酒谱 |
|||
| Julu | 橘錄 橘录 |
|||
| Tangshuang pu | 糖霜譜 糖霜谱 |
|||
| Xuanhe beiyuan gongcha lu | 宣和北苑貢茶錄 宣和北苑贡茶录 |
|||
| Beizuan bielu | 北苑別錄 北苑别录 |
|||
| Xiepu Note of Crab |
蟹譜 蟹谱 |
written about 1059 | crabs[49] | |
| Xielüe | 蟹略 | |||
| Junpu | 菌譜 菌谱 |
|||
| Dongjing Meng Hua Lu | 東京夢華錄箋注 东京梦华录 |
孟元老, Meng Yuanlao fl.1126-1147 | Journal of daily life in Kaifeng | |
| Ducheng jisheng | 都城紀勝 都城纪胜 |
|||
| Wulin jiu shi | 武林舊事 武林旧事 |
|||
| Nan Song shisi ji | ||||
| Mengliang lu | 夢粱錄 梦粱录 |
|||
| Zhongkuilu | 中饋錄 中馈录 |
|||
| Fanshenglu or ''Xihulaoren fanshenglu | 繁胜录 or 西湖老人繁勝錄 | (部分) |
Jin Dynasty
Documents complied during the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shiwu bencao | 食物本草 | Li Gao (李杲), a major medical scholar of the time[50] |
Yuan Dynasty
During the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), contacts with the West also brought the introduction to China of a major food crop, sorghum, along with other foreign food products and methods of preparation.
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nongshu Agricultural Treatise |
農書 农书 |
1149 | Chen Fu | Deals with paddy rice farming and sericulture in southern China.[51] |
| Riyong bencao Materia Medica for Daily Use[52] |
日用本草 | 1367[53] | Wu Rui, an official medical authority | One of famous works on dietetics written in the Yuan Dynasty.[54] It lists of 540 common foods with medicinal properties.[53] |
| Yinshan zhengyao Orthodox Essentials of Dietetics |
飮膳正要 饮膳正要 |
Hu Sihui, an imperial dietary physician | The book that defines essential diets for a healthy person is regarded as the first systematic document on nutritional principles in China.[50][55] | |
| Nongsang yishi cuoyao Fundamentals of Agriculture and Sericulture for Food and Clothes |
農桑衣食撮要 农桑衣食撮要 |
1314 | Lu Mingshan[56] | sugarcane and sugar manufacturing[57] |
| Yinshi xuzhi Must Know for Diet |
飮食須知 饮食须知 |
Jia Ming | One of the famous works on dietetics written in the Yuan Dynasty.[50] | |
| Yunlin tang yinshi zhidu ji The Food and Drink System of Yunlin[58][59] |
雲林堂飲食制度集 云林堂饮食制度集 |
Ni Zan, a famous painter | The book with various recipes on ordinary foods is said to be the first book of China actually aimed for ordinary household[60][61] | |
| Jujia biyong shilei quanji Collection of Necessary Matters Ordered for the Householder[62] |
居家必用事類全集 居家必用事类全集 |
1301 | An encyclopedia that became a precursor to encyclopedias of the late Ming, and has a chapter devoted to "foods of the Muslims."[63][64] （gengji 庚集, jiji 己集） | |
| Zhuanshi | 饌史 馔史 |
Ming Dynasty
China during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) became involved in a new global trade of goods, plants, animals, and food crops known as the Columbian Exchange. Although the bulk of imports to China were silver, the Chinese also purchased New World crops from the Spanish Empire. This included sweet potatoes, maize, and peanuts, foods that could be cultivated in lands where traditional Chinese staple crops—wheat, millet, and rice—couldn't grow, hence facilitating a rise in the population of China.[65][66] In the Song Dynasty (960–1279), rice had become the major staple crop of the poor;[67] after sweet potatoes were introduced to China around 1560, it gradually became the traditional food of the lower classes.[68]
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yiya yiyi | 易牙遗意 | |||
| Tian chu ju zhen miao zhuan ji | 天厨聚珍妙馔集 | |||
| Shenyin or Quxian shenyin shu |
神隐 臞仙神隐书 |
（部分） | ||
| Jiuhuang Bencao Materia Medica for the Relief of Famine |
救荒本草 | Zhu Su | The book newly mentions most of the edible plants [69] | |
| Shijian bencao Food Guide for Materia Medica |
Ning Yuan | It greatly contributed to the development of medical foods.[69] | ||
| Bianmin tu zuan | 便民图纂 | （卷15食品及其它） | ||
| Yecai pu | 野菜谱 | |||
| Songshi yangsheng bu | 宋氏养生部 | |||
| Yunlin yishi | 云林遗事 | |||
| Shiwu bencao Food Materia Medica |
食物本草 | Wang Ying | It greatly contributed to the development of medical foods.[69] | |
| Shipin ji | 食品集 | |||
| Guang junpu | 广菌谱 | |||
| Bencao gangmu The Compendium of Materia Medica |
本草纲目 | 1578–1608 | Li Shizhen | А total of 1892 medical materials are addressed in the book, and food items take significant portion of them.[69] |
| Mo E xiao lu | 墨娥小录 | （饮膳集珍及其它） | ||
| Duo neng bi shi | 多能鄙事 | （卷1-4饮食） | ||
| Rucao ben | 茹草编 | |||
| Jujia bibei | 居家必备 | （卷7饮馔） | ||
| Zunsheng bajian | 遵生八笺 | （饮馔服食笺） | ||
| Yesupin | 野蔌品 | |||
| Haiwei suoyin | 海味索引 | |||
| Minzhong haicuoshu | 闽中海错疏 | |||
| Yecai jian | 野菜笺 | 83、食鉴本草 | ||
| Shantang sikao | 山堂肆考 | （羽集衣食部） | ||
| Yecai bolu | 野菜博录 | |||
| Shangyi bencao | 上医本草 | |||
| Hangzheng | 觞政 | |||
| Nongzheng quanshu | 农政全书 | Xu Guangqi | ||
| Yangyu yueling | 养余月令 | |||
| Jiushi | 酒史 |
Qing Dynasty
Documents complied during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912)
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xianqing ouji | 闲情偶寄 | （饮馔部颐养部） | ||
| Min xiao ji | 闽小记 | |||
| Yinshi xuzhi Necessary Information on Diet |
饮食须知 | Zhu Benzhong[70] | Zhu Tailai (朱泰来) | |
| Tiaodingji | 调鼎集 | |||
| Shiwu bencao huizuan | 食物本草会纂 | |||
| Jiangnan yuxianpin | 江南鱼鲜品 | |||
| Gui'eryue | 簋贰约 | |||
| Riyong suzi | 日用俗字 | （饮食章菜蔬章） | ||
| Shixian hongmi | 食宪鸿秘 | |||
| Fan you shi’er heshuo | 饭有十二合说 | |||
| Yuanjian leihan | 渊鉴类函 | （食物及其它） | ||
| Juchang yinzhuan lu | 居常饮馔录 | |||
| Gujin tushu jicheng | 古今图书集成 | （经济汇编食物典卷257~308饮食部） | ||
| Xu chajing | 续茶经 | |||
| Gezhi jingyuan | 格致镜原 | （卷6饮食类） | ||
| Nongpu bianlan | 农圃便览 | （部分） | ||
| Xingyuan lu | 醒园录 | |||
| Zhoupu shuo | 粥谱说 | |||
| Yangsheng suibi | 养生随笔 | |||
| Suiyuan shidan | 隨園食單 / 随园食单 | 1792 | Yuan Mei | |
| Wu xun pu | 吴蕈谱 | |||
| Yinshi xuzhi | 饮食须知 | （清•朱本中） | ||
| Jihai pu | 记海错 | |||
| Zhengsuwen | 证俗文 | （卷1 及其它） | ||
| Xilüe | 醯略 | |||
| Yangxiaolu | 养小录 | |||
| Yangzhou huafang lu | 扬州画舫录 | （部分） | ||
| Tiaoji yinshi bian | 调疾饮食辨 | （6卷、卷末1卷） | ||
| Qing jia lu | 清嘉录 | （部分） | ||
| Tongqiao yizhao lu | 桐桥倚棹录 | （卷10市廛） | ||
| Suixiju yinshipu | 随息居饮食谱 | |||
| Yinengpian | 艺能篇 | （治庖） | ||
| Zhongkui lu | 中馈录 | （清•彭崧毓） | ||
| Huya | 湖雅 | （卷8酿造、铒饼） | ||
| Zhongkui lu | 中馈录 | （清•曾懿） | ||
| Zhoupu Guang Zhoupu |
粥谱 广粥谱 |
|||
| Xinbian jiazhengxue | 新编家政学 | （第四编第三章饮食） | ||
| Chengdu tonglan | 成都通览 | （卷7饮食类） | ||
Post-Qing period
Documents compiled after the Qing Dynasty
| Title | Chinese name | Date | Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zaoyangfan shu | 造洋饭书 | |||
| Shipin jiawei beilan | 食品佳味备览 | |||
| Qingbai leichao | 清稗类钞 | （第47、48册饮食类） | ||
| Pengren yiban | 烹饪一斑 | |||
| Jiating shipu | 家庭食谱 | |||
| Xican pengren mijue | 西餐烹饪秘诀 | |||
| Jiating shipu xubian | 家庭食谱续编 | |||
| Jiating shipu sanbian | 家庭食谱三编 | |||
| Jiating shipu sibian | 家庭食谱四编 | |||
| Sushi pu | 素食谱 | |||
| Jiashi shixi baojian | 家事实习宝鉴 | （第二编饮食论） | ||
| Zhijia quanshu | 治家全书 | （卷10烹饪篇食谱） | ||
| Jiating wanbao quanshu | 家庭万宝全书 | （卷5烹饪学） | ||
| Sushi shenglun | 素食养生论 | |||
| Shanghai kuailan | 上海快览 | （第6篇上海之饮食） | ||
| Shiwu xin bencao | 食物新本草 | |||
| Qinan kuailan | 济南快览 | （衣食、中西餐馆） | ||
| Beiping caipu | 北平菜谱 | |||
| Minzhong changshi congshu | 民众常识丛书 | 烹饪类 | ||
| Jinan daguan | 济南大观 | （第96章中西餐） | ||
| Yinshi yu jiankang | 饮食与健康 | |||
| Beiping fengsu leizheng | 北平风俗类征 | （饮食） | ||
| Feishi shiyang sanzhong | 费氏食养三种 | |||
| Shiyong yinshixue | 实用饮食学 | |||
| Xin shipu | 新食谱 | （第二册普通食物成分表） | ||
| Sushi shuolü | 素食说略 | |||
| Chifan wenti | 吃饭问题 |
Notes
- ↑ http://www.digento.de/titel/101983.html
- ↑ Anne D. Birdwhistell (1996), Li Yong (1627-1705) and epistemological dimensions of Confucian philosophy Stanford University Press, p. 208 ISBN 0-8047-2605-1
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Pohl, Chinese thought in a global context
- ↑ Alternative translations are "Important Arts for the People's Welfare", "The Manual of Important Arts for the People", "Essential Techniques of Keeping Order among the Common People", "The Art of Feeding the People", "Important Technology for the People's Welfare" or "Essential Farming Skills of the People of Qi"
- ↑ Needham, 1995, p. 189
- ↑ Mark Edward Lewis, 2009 China Between Empires: The Northern and Southern Dynasties Harvard University Press p. 116 ISBN 0-674-02605-5
- ↑ Wenhua Li, 2001 Agro-Ecological Farming Systems in China Taylor & Francis, p. 26 -27 ISBN 92-3-103784-6
- ↑ Joseph Needham, Donald B. Wagner, Ling Wang (2008) Science and Civilisation in China Cambridge University Press, p. 372 ISBN 0-521-87566-8
- ↑ 북당서초 北堂書鈔 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Kendall H. Brown, The politics of reclusion p.25
- ↑ Scott Pearce, Audrey G. Spiro, Patricia Buckley, Culture and power in the reconstitution of the Chinese realm, 200-600 p.58
- ↑ Joseph P. Hou, Youyu Jin The healing power of Chinese herbs and medicinal recipes p.39
- ↑ Wilkinson, 2002, p.649
- ↑ Alternative translations are "Pharmacopoeia of Foods for Treating Illness", "Nutritional Therapy; a Pharmacopoeia of Natural History" or "Health Food and Curative Herbs"
- ↑ Shiu-ying Hu (2005)Food plants of China Chinese University Press, ISBN 962-996-229-2
- 1 2 Elisabeth Hsu Innovation in Chinese medicine p. 184 - 187
- ↑ Peng Yoke Ho, F. Peter Lisowski Concepts of Chinese science and traditional healing arts p.35
- ↑ Anthony F. Chiffolo, Rayner W. Hesse (2006 ) Cooking with the Bible: biblical food, feasts, and lore Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 339 ISBN 0-313-33410-2
- ↑ Dingbo Wu, Patrick D. Murphy (1994) Handbook of Chinese popular culture Greenwood Publishing Group p. 74 ISBN 0-313-27808-3
- ↑ An alternative translation is "Record of Waters for Boiing Tea"
- ↑ Ling Wang (2005), Tea and Chinese culture Long River Press, p. 43 - 44 ISBN 1-59265-025-2
- ↑ Gleaming Qing Ming--Exhibition of China Tea Culture Literature Tea Cultural Museum of Macao
- ↑ Peiwen Li, Li Peiwen (2003) Management of Cancer with Chinese Medicine Donica Publishing Limited, p. 353 ISBN 1-901149-04-8
- ↑ 식의심감 食醫心鑑 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.
- ↑ August Johan Bernet Kempers The kettledrums of Southeast Asia p. 179
- ↑ Joseph Needham, Colin A. Ronan The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China p. 251
- ↑ Losso, 2007 p. 102
- ↑ Joseph Needham, Ling Wang Science and Civilisation in China p. 127
- ↑ Ebrey et al. 1999, p. 156
- ↑ Brook, 1998, p. 96
- ↑ Joseph Needham, Colin A. Ronan (1995) The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China Cambridge University Press, p. 76 ISBN 0-521-46773-X
- ↑ Peter Valder, 1999 The Garden Plants of China, Timber Press p. 90 ISBN 0-88192-470-9
- ↑ (French) Association française d'études chinoises (1997) Etudes chinoises L'Association, p. 10
- ↑ Alternative translations are "Pure Dinner at a Mountain House", "Pure Dinner at a Mountain House" or "The Simple life of a Mountain Dweller".
- ↑ Daria Berg, Daria Berg: Chl, Chloë Starr, 2008 The Quest for Gentility in China Routledge, pp. 181-182 ISBN 0-415-43586-2
- ↑ Mazumdar, p. 29
- ↑ Silvano Serventi, Françoise Sabban, Antony Shugaar, 2002 Pasta Columbia University Press p. 319 ISBN 0-231-12442-2
- ↑ Hong Lin, Zongyi Tao, Ting Tao Ru cao ji shi
- ↑ Huang, Tingjian, 1045-1105 City University of Hong Kong
- ↑ (Korean) Prof. Jo Mun-su (조문수교수) 궁중음식 Jeju University
- ↑ An alternative translation is "New Writings on Fostering the Longevity and Nourishing the Old Age of One's Parents"
- ↑ 李治安 (Chinese) 2005 元史论丛/第十辑/元代社会文化暨元世祖忽必烈国际学术研讨会论文集 p. 407
- ↑ Fabrizio Pregadio The encyclopedia of Taoism 中国广播电视出版社 p. 269 ISBN 7-5043-4546-6
- ↑ Catharina Yung-Kang Wang Ang, KeShun Liu, Yao-Wen Huang 1999 Asian foods: science & technology CRC Press, p. 389 ISBN 1-56676-736-9
- ↑ Bob Flaws 1994 Chinese Medicinal Wines & Elixirs Blue Poppy Enterprises, Inc., p. 15 ISBN 0-936185-58-9
- ↑ Kit Boey Chow, Ione Kramer, 1990 All the tea in China China Books, p. 8 ISBN 0-8351-2194-1
- ↑ Peter Valder, 1999 The Garden Plants of China Timber Press p. 301 ISBN 0-88192-470-9
- ↑ International Conference on the History of Science in East Asia, Alan Kam-leung Chan, Gregory K. Clancey, Hui-Chieh Loy, 2001 Historical perspectives on East Asian science, technology, and medicine World Scientific p. 173 ISBN 9971-69-259-7
- ↑ International Conference on the History of Science in East Asia, Alan Kam-leung Chan, Gregory K. Clancey, Hui-Chieh Loy, 2001 Historical perspectives on East Asian science, technology, and medicine World Scientificp. 173 ISBN 9971-69-259-7
- 1 2 3 Losso, 2007, p. 102
- ↑ Wilkinson, 1998, p. 629
- ↑ It can be translated into Materia Medica of Everyday Food Items
- 1 2 Heiner Fruehauf, (March 1998) The Gingko: Cultural Background and Medicinal Usage in China, The Journal of Chinese Medicine
- ↑ Losso, 2007, p.102 - 103
- ↑ Newman, 2004, p. 19-20
- ↑ Gang Deng, 1999 Maritime sector, institutions, and sea power of premodern China, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 260 ISBN 0-313-30712-1
- ↑ Sucheta Mazumdar (1998), Sugar and society in China, Harvard Univ Asia Center, p. 134 ISBN 0-674-85408-X
- ↑ Wilkinson, 2000, p.649
- ↑ Alternative titles are "Cloud Forest Hall Collection of Rules for Drinking and Eating" or "Dietetic Systems of Yunlin"
- ↑ Newman, 2004, p.20
- ↑ Jacqueline M. Newman, Summer 2000 About: 14th Century eating/drinking rules and recipes; Book awards; Upcoming Chinese New Year
- ↑ An alternative translation is "Complete Collection of Classified Affairs Essential for Those Living at Home"
- ↑ March 2006 Beijing Halal China Heritage Project, The Australian National University, No. 5
- ↑ Benjamin A. Elman On their own terms
- ↑ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66991-X
- ↑ Crosby, Alfred W., Jr. (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492; 30th Anniversary Edition. Westport: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98092-8.
- ↑ Gernet, Jacques (1962). Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276. Translated by H. M. Wright. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0720-0, 136.
- ↑ Crosby, Alfred W., Jr. (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492; 30th Anniversary Edition. Westport: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98092-8, 200.
- 1 2 3 4 Losso, 2007, p. 103
- ↑ Cheng-Tsai Liu; Liu Zheng-cai; Ka Hua (1999). A Study of Daoist Acupuncture & Moxibustion. Blue Poppy Enterprises, Inc. p. 35. ISBN 1-891845-08-X.
References
- Anderson, Eugene Newton (1988). The Food of China. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 0-300-03955-7
- Brook, Timothy (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3
- Chang, Kwang-chih; Eugene Newton Anderson (1977). Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01938-6
- Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Kwang-ching Liu (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66991-X (paperback).
- Mazumdar, Sucheta (1998). Sugar and society in China: peasants, technology, and the world market. Harvard Univ Asia Center. ISBN 0-674-85408-X
- Needham, Joseph Needham; Ling Wang (2008). Science and Civilisation in China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65270-7
- Newman, Jacqueline M. (2004). Food culture in China. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32581-2
- Newman, Jacqueline M. (1987). Chinese Cookbooks: An Annotated English-language Compendium/bibliography. Garland Pub.. ISBN 0-8240-9516-2
- Losso, Jack N.; Fereidoon Shahidi, Debasis Bagchi (2007). Anti-angiogenic functional and medicinal foods. CRC Press. ISBN 1-57444-445-X
- Simoons, Frederick J. (1991). Food in China: a cultural and historical inquiry. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-8804-X
- Wilkinson, Endymion Porter (2000). Chinese history: a manual. Harvard Univ Asia Center. ISBN 0-674-00249-0
External links
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