Liu Yalou

Liu Yalou
刘亚楼
Commander of the People's Liberation Army Air Force
In office 25 October 1949 – 7 May 1965
Chairman	Mao Zedong
Preceded by	Post established
Succeeded by	Wu Faxian
Personal details
Born	April 1910 Wuping, Fujian, China
Died	May 7, 1965(1965-05-07) (aged 55) Shanghai, China
Awards	Order of Bayi (First Class Medal) Order of Independence and Freedom (First Class Medal) Order of Liberation (First Class Medal)
Military service
Allegiance	China  USSR
Years of service	1929-1965
Rank	General (PLA) Major (USSR)
Commands	Chief of Staff, Manchurian Army Group, Chief commander, People's Liberation Army Air Force
Battles/wars	Soviet-German War(1940) Liaoshen Campaign (1948) Tianjin Campaign(1949)

Liu Yalou (simplified Chinese: 刘亚楼; traditional Chinese: 劉亞樓; pinyin: Liú Yàlóu; April 1910 – 7 May 1965) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China, first commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, as well as chief of staff of Lin Biao's army group during the Chinese Civil War, occupied the whole of Manchuria in 1948 and captured 472,000 Nationalist troops in the Liaoshen Campaign.

Biography

Early life

Liu was born in Wuping, Fujian province of China. He joined the CPC in Jinggangshan Mountains in August 1929, and participated in the Encirclement Campaigns on the communist side. Like many late communist commanders, Liu was also a veteran of the Long March. During the Second Sino-Japanese War he became Lin Biao's chief assistant in the Red Army University in Yan'an.

During the Long March in 1934, Liu and his commander Chen Guang managed to force a way across Wujiang, securing the Chinese Red Army's way across the channel. He also led troops to capture Zunyi, Lou Shanguan. At the Dadu River banks, he ordered the Red Fourth Army to attack Luding Bridge.^[1]

Russia

Liu was sent to study in Frunze Military Academy in 1939—1941, and was commissioned as a major in the Soviet Red Army and participated in the Soviet-German War, and wrote several important essays on Battle of Stalingrad.

In August 1945 Liu returned to China by following Soviet Marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky's troops that invade Manchuria during Operation August Storm before joining communist Manchurian field army. In the same month, he was appointed as the Principal of the Northeast Avaition School, which will later serve as the backbone of the People's Liberation Air Force. He became Lin Biao's chief of staff of the North Eastern Armies prior to the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War.^[2]

Chinese Civil War

With the outbreak of the Manchurian Campaign in 1947, he led forces in Linjiang. In 1948, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Northeastern Military Region and assisted Lin Biao in the Liaoshen Campaign. During the assault on Pingjin in January 1949, Liu secured a victory over a 130,000 strong Nationalist force after 29 hours of intense battle, capturing the Nationalist General Chen Changjie.^[3] In the same year, he was appointed as a field commander of the Fourth Field Army.^[3]

Creation of the People's Liberation Army Air Force

On 25 October 1949, Liu was appointed as the chief of air force in the People's Liberation Army and by 11 November, air force command was officially formed.^[4] In enhancing the PLA's air force, he formed 7 aviation schools and established the doctrine for the air force.^[3] After the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1950, Mao Zedong prepared to support North Korea in the Korean War. Mao ordered Liu to go to Soviet Union to lobby for their aid and to train Chinese pilots based on the Soviet model, so Liu was appointed First Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army Air Force in 1949. At that time the Chinese air force only possessed 15 Mig fighter planes. By the end of his career, he would form 27 schools dedicated to air force training.

After the Founding of the PRC

Alongside with his position within the Chinese Air Force, he was appointed as the Deputy Minister for Defense in April 1949. He was also appointed various academia positions, such as being the director of the 5th School of Research within the Ministry of Defense.^[3] During his political tenure, he was a member of the Central Military Commission and was a member of the 8th Central Committee. In 1964, he was elected as the honorary chairman of the Chinese People's Airways Association.^[3]

Personal life

Life as a writer

As Liu was very competent in Russian, he has written several books of his experiences as a military leader in both Russia and China. These included his memoirs as the Chief of Staff of the Northeastern Field Army during the Manchurian Campaign in 1947-49, and books concerning Stalin and his subordinates.^[3]

Illness

Lin Biao never visited the sick before, but only exception when he learnt Liu had liver cancer, Lin then visited Liu for the first time in the hospital. After one year, Liu died in Shanghai in 1965. Lin took personally charge of Liu's funeral arrangements because Liu was one of the best assistants and staff officers in his military career.

References