M74 syndrome

The M74 syndrome is a reproduction disorder of salmon (Salmo salar) feeding in the Baltic Sea. M74 manifests as offspring mortality during the yolk-sac fry phase. Before dying, the yolk-sac fry display typical symptoms.^[1] ^[2] Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in eggs is the immediate cause of M74 mortality. The deficiency can be prevented by thiamine treatments.^[3] For the first time Bulgarian research team opines that with M74 syndrome are affected also male gametes and worsened parameters of the spermograme. The use of Bulgarian semen protective media 49282, 49283 и 49397 for trout sperm fertility improving was proposed.]

The thiamine deficiency syndrome M74 is related to the fat and thiamine content of prey fish. The diet of Baltic salmon leads to thiamine deficiency in eggs and consequently to the mortality of yolk-sac fry: The main prey species of the Baltic salmon are sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harangus membras). Average fat content is greater in sprat than in herring. The fat content is highest and the thiamine concentration is lowest in the youngest sprat. The need for thiamine depends on the amount of fat in the diet. Thiamine deficiency in eggs results from an unbalanced diet abundant in fatty prey fish, such as young sprat, from which the supply of thiamine is insufficient in proportion to the supply of energy and unsaturated fatty acids for salmon.^[1]

Relationships between fish stock changes in the Baltic Sea and the M74 syndrome: The M74 syndrome is connected to a weak Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock and strong year classes of sprat in the Baltic Sea. Since the collapse, heavy fishing mortality as well as predation on cod eggs by sprat and food competition between sprat and young-of-the-year cod has inhibited cod recovery. Coincidentally with the decline in the cod stock since 1982, and following the consequent reduction in predation pressure, the sprat stock increased rapidly, and salmon therefore had more food. Salmon grew faster, resulting also in a high CF.^[4]

External links

Briefly: Plentiful fatty sprat as prey for salmon leads to reproduction disorder

References

1 2 Marja Keinänen; et al. (March 19, 2012). "The thiamine deficiency syndrome M74, a reproductive disorder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeding in the Baltic Sea, is related to the fat and thiamine content of prey fish". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 69 (4): 516–528. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss041.
↑ Marja Keinänen; et al. (2008). "The M74 syndrome of Baltic salmon: the monitoring results from Finnish rivers up until 2007" (PDF). Riista- ja kalatalous – Selvityksiä. 4/2008: 21.
↑ P. Koski (June 30, 2002). "Parental Background Predisposes Baltic Salmon Fry to M74 Syndrome". Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 43 (2): 127–130. doi:10.1186/1751-0147-43-127. PMC 1764190. PMID 12173502.
↑ Jaakko Mikkonen; et al. (2011). "Relationships between fish stock changes in the Baltic Sea and the reproductive syndrome, M74 of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 68 (10): 2134–2144. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsr156.

Salmon

Groups and species	Salmon Salmonidae Adriatic salmon Atlantic salmon Black Sea salmon Pacific salmon Chum salmon Chinook salmon Coho salmon Masu salmon Pink salmon Steelhead Sockeye salmon Taiwanese salmon Danube salmon Sabertooth salmon Genetically modified salmon

Fisheries and management	Aquaculture of salmon Fly fishing bibliography Environmental issues with salmon Old McKenzie Fish Hatchery Pre-spawn mortality in coho salmon Puget Sound salmon Putcher Putcher fishing Alaska salmon fishery Salmon conservation Salmon run June hogs

As food	Salmon as food Cured salmon Gravlax Lohikeitto Lomi salmon Lox Rui-be Salmon burger Salmon cannery Salmon tartare Smoked salmon Images

Diseases and parasites	Diseases and parasites in salmon Amoebic gill disease Ceratomyxa shasta Gyrodactylus salaris Henneguya zschokkei Infectious salmon anemia virus M74 syndrome Myxobolus cerebralis Nanophyetus salmincola Salmon louse Sea louse Salmon tapeworm Sphaerothecum destruens Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae

Organisations	Atlantic Salmon Federation Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization Pacific Salmon Commission Welsh Salmon and Trout Angling Association Wild Salmon Center Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project

Other	Ceasg H. Forman and Son (salmon smokehouse) Salmon (color) Salmon of Knowledge Salmon Fishing in the Yemen The Salmon Fly

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/6/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.