Macedonian pronouns

A pronoun (Macedonian: заменка) is a substitute for a noun or a noun phrase, or things previously mentioned or understood from the context. These are words like јас 'I', мене 'me', себе 'himself, herself', ова 'this', кој 'who, which', некој 'somebody', никој 'nobody', сите 'all', секој 'everybody'.

Macedonian pronouns decline for case ('падеж'), i.e., their function in a phrase as subject (ex. јас 'I'), direct object (него 'him'), or object of a preposition (од неа 'from her').

Based on their meaning and the function in the sentence, pronouns fall into the following categories:

Types of pronouns Examples
Demonstrative pronouns ова (this), тоа (that), овде (here), таму (there)
Indefinite pronouns некој (somebody), нешто (something)
Interrogative pronouns кој (who), кого/кому (whom), што (what)
Personal pronouns јас (I), ти (you), тој (he), таа (she), она (it), ние (we)
Possessive pronouns мој (my), твој (your), нејзин (her), негов (his), наш (our)
Relative pronouns кој (which), што (that), чиј (whose)
Reflexive pronoun
and reciprocal pronouns 		себе (himself, herself), се (self)
Universal pronouns сите (all), секој (everybody, each), сешто (everything), секаде (everywhere)

Formal and informal "you" pronouns

Main article: T-V distinction

Use of ти (second-person singular informal) is generally limited to friends and family, and is used among children. In formal usage only Вие (second-person singular formal) occurs; ти may be used among peers in a workplace, but it is rare in official documents. Вие should always be capitalized when used in this way as a sign of respect. Ти, used when referring to God, should also be capitalized.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns
Number Person Subject

Nominative

 Direct Complement

Accusative

 Indirect Complement
no preposition

Dative

 preposition
full short full short

possessive

Singular First јас мене ме мене ми мене
Second ти тебе те тебе ти тебе
Third Masculine тој него го нему му него
Feminine таа неа ја нејзе ѝ неа
Neuter тоа него го нему му него
Plural First ние нас нè нам ни нас
Second вие вас ве вам ви вас
Third тие нив ги ним им нив

Possessive pronouns

Possessive pronouns
Number Person Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural Short form
indefinite definite indefinite definite indefinite definite indefinite definite
Singular First мој мојот моја мојата мое моето мои моите ми
Second твој твојот твоја твојата твое твоето твои твоите ти
Third Masculine негов неговиот негова неговата негово неговото негови неговите му
Feminine нејзин нејзниот нејзина нејзината нејзино нејзното нејзини нејзините ѝ
Neuter негов неговиот негова неговата негово неговото негови неговите му
Plural First наш нашиот наша нашата наше нашето наши нашите ни
Second ваш вашиот ваша вашата ваше вашето ваши вашите ви
Third нивен/нивни нивниот нивна нивната нивно нивното нивни нивните им

Interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns (прашални заменки) refer to an unknown person, object, quality or quantity and agree with the noun they denote in gender and number. Personal interrogative pronouns have two cases, nominative and genitive. There are also accusative and dative forms: кого and кому, respectively. The more analytical construction на кого is an optional alternative for the dative form. They are also used with nonhuman beings (animals and objects). Quality interrogative pronouns are used for asking one to specify the word in question. They are translated in English as what/what kind of/what sort of.

Interrogative pronouns
Gender Personal For quality
Nominative Accusative Dative Genitive
Masculine кој (who) кого (whom) кому (на кого) (to whom) чиј (whose) каков
Feminine која кого кому (на кого) чија каква
Neuter кое кого кому (на кого) чие какво
Plural
(all genders)		 кои кого кому (на кого) чии какви

There is only one interrogative pronoun for quantity — колку and it is invariant for gender and number. It is used before plural nouns to ask about their quantity (then it is translated as how much/how many), and before an adjective or adverb to ask about the extent, degree, age, etc., of something or somebody (translated as how).


Demonstrative Pronouns

this (close to speaker) that (close to listener) that (far from both)
Masculine овој тој оној
Feminine оваа таа онаа
Neuter ова тоа она
Plural овие тие они

Reflexive pronouns

Accusative Dative
Full Short Full Short
себе се себе си

An alternative full form, себеси, is used for emphasis.

Possessive reflexive pronouns
Full Short
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
(all genders)
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinte Definite Indefinite Definite
свој својот своја својата свое своето свои своите си

Summative pronouns

Summative pronouns
Type Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
(all genders)
Personal секој секоја секое секои / сите
For quality секаков секаква секакво секакви
For quantity сиот сета сето сите

Negative pronouns

Negative pronouns
Gender Personal For quality For quantity
Nominative Genitive
Masculine никој ничиј никаков николку
Feminine никоја ничија никаква
Neuter никое ничие никакво
Plural
(all genders)		 никои ничии никакви

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns
Gender Personal For quality For quantity
Nominative Genitive
Masculine некој нечии некаков неколку
Feminine некоја нечија некаква
Neuter некое нечие некакво
Plural
(all genders)		 некои нечии некакви

Relative pronouns

Relative pronouns
Gender Personal
Nominative Genitive
Masculine којшто чијшто
Feminine којашто чијашто
Neuter коешто чиешто
Plural
(all genders)		 коишто чиишто

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 1/3/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.