Mahukona, Hawaii

Mahukona Light

Original Māhukona light, 1904
Hawaii
Coordinates 20°10′49.3″N 155°54′05.4″W / 20.180361°N 155.901500°W / 20.180361; -155.901500
Year first constructed 1899 (first)
Year first lit 1915 (current)
Deactivated 1915 (first)
Construction masonry tower (first)
reinforced concrete (current)
Tower shape conical frustum tower (first)
square pyramidal tower with balcony and light
Markings / pattern white tower
Height 22 metres (72 ft)
Focal height 64 metres (210 ft)
Light source solar power
Range 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi)
Characteristic Fl W 4s.
Admiralty number G7226
ARLHS number HAW-012
USCG number 28325
Managing agent United States Coast Guard [1][2]

Māhukona is a former settlement on the island of Hawaiʻi. The extinct submerged volcano Māhukona, off shore and to the south, is named for this area. The settlement was once the terminus of the Hawaiian Railroad.

History

Māhukona was a traditional land division (ahupuaʻa) that extended from a bay to the slopes of Kohala mountain. Much was owned by Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani at one time. The name means "false harbor" in the Hawaiian language.[3] Lapakahi State Historical Park is just to the south.[4] The harbor is located at 20°11′1″N 155°54′2″W / 20.18361°N 155.90056°W / 20.18361; -155.90056Coordinates: 20°11′1″N 155°54′2″W / 20.18361°N 155.90056°W / 20.18361; -155.90056 just off of Akoni Pule Highway, Hawaii Route 270.[5]

While Samuel Garner Wilder was minister of the interior, he secured a charter for a railroad company in 1880. The first sugarcane plantation in the Kohala district was started by Elias Bond in 1863, but transportation proved difficult. Wilder's idea was to transport sugarcane from sugarcane plantations on the wet windward side of Kohala to Māhukona where ships could land. Wilder already ran a steamship company, so built a pier at the Māhukona harbor. Samuel Parker planned a railroad from the east coast to the port of Hilo, but was unable to fund the project.[6] Work was begun in 1881, the first track opened in 1882, and by 1883 had reached about 20 miles (32 km) to the plantation at Niuliʻi, 20°13′23″N 155°44′48″W / 20.22306°N 155.74667°W / 20.22306; -155.74667 (Niulii, Hawaii).[7] There it met the barrier of Pololu Valley.

Hawaiian Railroad near Māhukona built in 1882

Wilder named the first locomotive Kinau, after his wife.[8] He had plans to extend his railroad to Hilo, but that would not happen until after his death, by the Hawaii Consolidated Railway. The two would never be connected as dreamed by Wilder. In 1897 the railroad reincorporated as the Hawaii Railway Company, Ltd., and was bought out by the sugar companies in 1899.[6]

A sugar mill was built on the north side of the bay, and its remains still stand. A larger wharf was built in 1911 by the Territory of Hawaii that was immediately destroyed by a storm, and rebuilt again. In 1913 it was the fourth busiest port in the islands, but only had 13 vessels enter.[9] The first lighthouse was built in 1889 just to the south of the bay. In 1915 it was replaced by a concrete pyramid 22 feet (6.7 m) tall.[10] By 1937, the Kohala Sugar Company had considated all the business into the mill at Māhukona, and became Mahukona Terminals Ltd. In 1941 the port was forced to close for World War II. On October 29, 1945 the railroad shut down.[6]

The town which once consisted of about 40 families, was abandoned in the 1950s.[11] In 1956 the harbor was closed. The bay is now the site of a park of Hawaii County. Although called Māhukona Beach Park, the shoreline is rocky and there is no sandy beach. Fishing, snorkeling, picnic areas, and camping are available.[12]

In the 1990s a developer obtained permits to build a golf course and resort in the area.[13] The land-holding company was renamed the Kohala Preserve Conservation Trust, LLC, but encountered opposition from residents in the area.[14] A historic song about Māhukona, translated as "sugar boiler"[15] was recently recorded.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Hawaii The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 6 November 2016
  2. ↑ Light List, Hawaii District 14 United States Coast Giuard. Retrieved 6 November 2016
  3. ↑ Lloyd J. Soehren (2004). "lookup of Mahukona". on Hawaiian place names. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  4. ↑ Lapakahi State Historical Park entry on Hawaiʻi State Park web site
  5. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Māhukona
  6. 1 2 3 Veronica S. Schweitzer (January 1998). "Sugar and Steam in Kohala". Coffee Times. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  7. ↑ Anne M. Prescott (1899). Makapala-by-the-sea: Hawaii. Hawaiian Gazette Company. p. 19.
  8. ↑ J. C. Condé (1971). Narrow gauge in a kingdom: the Hawaiian Railroad Company, 1878-1897. Glenwood Publishers.
  9. ↑ Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu (1914). Annual report. pp. 30, 48.
  10. ↑ United States Department of Commerce (1918). Report of the Secretary of Commerce and reports of bureaus. Government Printing Office. pp. 595, 598.
  11. ↑ "A grand Mahalo to our Māhukona 'Ohana". Kohala Preserve Conservation Trust web site. October 27, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  12. ↑ "North Kohala map". Shoreline access. on official Hawaiʻi County web site. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  13. ↑ "Surety Holdings Corp—10SB12G". US Securities and Exchange Commission. February 9, 2001. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  14. ↑ David Kimo Frankel (July 2009). "Māhukona development challenged". Ka Wai Ola Loa. 2 (7). Retrieved July 27, 2010.
  15. ↑ Kīhei de Silva (1997). "Māhukona". He Aloha Moku o Keawe: A Collection of Songs for Hawai‘i. Kamehameha Schools. Retrieved July 27, 2010. credited to book by Edward Kamakau Likalani (1852–1917).
  16. ↑ "Hoʻokena 5". album listing on Hoʻokena web site. 1999. Retrieved July 27, 2010. includes audio clip of song, track 14
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